Castilleja tenuiflora is a native perennial plant used in traditional Mexican medicine. In June 2022, leaf blight symptoms were observed in a wild population of C. tenuiflora plants. Disease incidence was 80% and disease intensity reached up to 5% of the leaf area. Currently, there are no reports of pathogens causing leaf blight in this plant; therefore, this work aimed to identify the fungi responsible for the disease. The fungi recovered from the diseased tissue were characterized by means of pathogenicity tests and cultural, morphological, and molecular characterization. The information obtained revealed that Alternaria alternata and Alternaria gossypina are the pathogens responsible for the disease. This is the first report implicating species of Alternaria in causing leaf blight of C. tenuiflora in Mexico, as well as the first report of Alternaria gossypina also in Mexico. These pathogens may threaten the in situ conservation of native C. tenuiflora populations and limit their in vitro propagation. Future research lines should focus on determining the effect of these pathogens on metabolite production.

• Klíčová slova
• Alternaria, Mexican medicinal plants, Orobanchaceae, morphology, pathogenicity, phylogeny,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Halophytes are plant species widely distributed in saline habitats, such as beaches, postindustrial wastelands, irrigated lands, salt flats, and others. Excessive salt level, known to limit plant growth, is not harmful to halophytes, which have developed a variety of defense mechanisms allowing them to colonize harsh environments. Plants under stress are known to respond with several morpho-anatomical adaptations, but also to enhance the production of secondary metabolites to better cope with difficult conditions. Owing to these adaptations, halophytes are an interesting group of undemanding plants with a high potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, this review aims to present the characteristics of halophytes, describe changes in their gene expression, and discuss their synthesized metabolites of pharmacognostic and pharmacological significance. Lobularia maritima is characterized as a widely spread halophyte that has been shown to exhibit various pharmacological properties in vitro and in vivo. It is concluded that halophytes may become important sources of natural products for the treatment of various ailments and for supplementing the human diet with necessary non-nutrients and minerals. However, extensive studies are needed to deepen the knowledge of their biological potential in vivo, so that they can be introduced to the pharmaceutical and food industries.

• Klíčová slova
• Lobularia maritima, biopotential, halophyte, molecular mechanisms, phytochemicals, stress genes,
• MeSH
• Brassicaceae * metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorid sodný farmakologie   MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• halotolerantní rostliny * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vývoj rostlin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný MeSH

Plants of the Amaryllidaceae family are promising therapeutic tools for human diseases and have been used as alternative medicines. The specific secondary metabolites of this plant family, called Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AA), have attracted considerable attention due to their interesting pharmacological activities. One of them, galantamine, is already used in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease as a long acting, selective, reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. One group of AA is the montanine-type, such as montanine, pancracine and others, which share a 5,11-methanomorphanthridine core. So far, only 14 montanine-type alkaloids have been isolated. Compared with other structural-types of AA, montanine-type alkaloids are predominantly present in plants in low concentrations, but some of them display promising biological properties, especially in vitro cytotoxic activity against different cancerous cell lines. The present review aims to summarize comprehensively the research that has been published on the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of montanine-type.

• Klíčová slova
• Amaryllidaceae, alkaloids, biological activity, derivatives, montanine, montanine-type, pancracine,
• MeSH
• alkaloidy amarylkovitých chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• Amaryllidaceae chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• antiprotozoální látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky fytogenní chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• fenantridiny chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• galantamin chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny tetra- a více cyklické chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
• isochinoliny chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nootropní látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• sekundární metabolismus MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkaloidy amarylkovitých MeSH
• antiprotozoální látky MeSH
• antitumorózní látky fytogenní MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• fenantridiny MeSH
• galantamin MeSH
• hemanthamine MeSH Prohlížeč
• heterocyklické sloučeniny tetra- a více cyklické MeSH
• isochinoliny MeSH
• montanine MeSH Prohlížeč
• nootropní látky MeSH
• pancracine MeSH Prohlížeč
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Maytenus macrocarpa (Celastraceae) is a tree native to Amazonia. Its roots, leaves, bark, and combinations of these are used in traditional medicine mainly to treat rheumatism and, to a lesser extent, to heal wounds and to combat bronchitis and diarrhea. To date, mainly triterpenes and dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from M. macrocarpa. Extracts and selected pure compounds isolated from the leaves, roots, and stem bark showed antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities in vitro. The aim of this review is to summarize the available ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological information about this traditional Amazonian medicinal tree, as well as to attract the attention of phytochemists and pharmacognosists to this potentially interesting source of ethnopharmaceuticals.

• Klíčová slova
• Maytenus macrocarpa, dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpene, folk medicine, rheumatism, triterpene,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antivirové látky chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hojení ran účinky léků   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin chemie   MeSH
• kůra rostlin chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• Maytenus chemie   MeSH
• revmatické nemoci farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antivirové látky MeSH