Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a major group of enzymes, which conduct Phase I metabolism. Among commonly used animal models, the pig has been suggested as the most suitable model for investigating drug metabolism in human beings. Moreover, porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 are responsible for the biotransformation of both endogenous and exogenous compounds such as 3-methylindole (skatole), sex hormones and food compounds. However, little is known about the regulation of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1. In this MiniReview, we summarise the current knowledge about the regulation of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 by environmental, biological and dietary factors. Finally, we reflect on the need for further research, to clarify the interaction between active feed components and the porcine CYP system.

• Keywords
• bioactive compounds, phase I enzymes, pig, skatole,
• MeSH
• Biotransformation MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Animal Feed * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Gonadal Steroid Hormones metabolism   MeSH
• Swine metabolism   MeSH
• Sequence Homology MeSH
• Skatole metabolism   MeSH
• Xenobiotics metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 MeSH
• Gonadal Steroid Hormones MeSH
• Skatole MeSH
• Xenobiotics MeSH

For the development of new drugs, evaluation of drug-drug interactions with already known compounds, as well as for better understanding of metabolism pathways of various toxicants and pollutants, we studied the drug metabolism mediated by cytochromes P450. The experimental approach is based on animal drug-metabolising systems. From the ethical as well as rational reasons, the selection of an appropriate system is crucial. Here, it is necessary to decide on the basis of expected CYP system involved. For CYP1A-mediated pathways, all the commonly used experimental models are appropriate except probably the dog. On the contrary, the dog seems to be suitable for modelling of processes depending on the CYP2D. With CYP2C, which is possibly the most large and complicated subfamily, the systems based on monkey (Maccacus rhesus) may be a good representative. The CYP3A seems to be well modelled by pig or minipig CYP3A29. Detailed studies on activities with individual isolated CYP forms are needed to understand in full all aspects of inter-species differences and variations.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Microsomes, Liver enzymology   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Pharmaceutical Preparations metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Macaca fascicularis MeSH
• Macaca mulatta MeSH
• Models, Animal * MeSH
• Swine MeSH
• Dogs MeSH
• Substrate Specificity MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Dogs MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Pharmaceutical Preparations MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System MeSH