Fifty-five strains of enterococci isolated from the piglet intestine were characterized in vitro for probiotic activity. Identification of the isolates revealed Enterococcus faecium as the predominant species (84 %). Forty strains (73 %) were found to produce bacteriocin-like substances (only into solid media) with activity almost only toward Gram-positive genera. Thirty-eight % of strains were resistant to tetracycline, 27 % to chloramphenicol, 18 % to erythromycin and 16 % to vancomycin. In addition to control of strain safety, 6 % of isolates were beta-hemolytic and 16 % produced gelatinase. Seven strains selected for further probiotic assays exhibited sufficient survival rate at pH 3.0 after 3 h, in the presence of 1 % ox-bile and lysozyme after 1 d (over 107 CFU/mL in all tests). The adhesion of tested strains to porcine and human intestinal mucus was found in a similar range (1.4-14.0 % and 1.4-17.6 %, respectively). In accordance with current research effort to use and/or to combine various health promoting substances, the sensitivity of all isolates toward plant extracts and toward bacteriocins produced by animal and environmental strains was determined. All enterococci were sensitive toward oregano and sage extracts and toward one (E. faecium EF55--chicken isolate, activity of 25 600 AU/mL) of ten bacteriocin substances. It means that a similar anti-enterococcal potential of some bacteriocin substances may be observed as for certain plant extracts.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Antibiosis MeSH
• Bacterial Adhesion MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial MeSH
• Bacteriocins biosynthesis   pharmacology   MeSH
• Origanum chemistry   MeSH
• Enterococcus classification   drug effects   isolation & purification   physiology   MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology   MeSH
• Acids toxicity   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Microbial Viability MeSH
• Mucins metabolism   MeSH
• Muramidase metabolism   MeSH
• Swine microbiology   MeSH
• Probiotics pharmacology   MeSH
• Plant Extracts pharmacology   MeSH
• Bile Acids and Salts toxicity   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Bacteriocins MeSH
• Acids MeSH
• Mucins MeSH
• Muramidase MeSH
• Plant Extracts MeSH
• Bile Acids and Salts MeSH

The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus in rabbit feces, cecum and meat and its enterotoxin production, susceptibility to antibiotics and its sensitivity or resistance to bacteriocins produced by enterococci with probiotic properties were determined. Isolates were resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, phosphomycin and methicillin; a high percentage of susceptibility was also recorded to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and tobramycin. S. aureus isolates did not produce enterotoxins and were sensitive to partially purified enterocins (PPB) EK13, AL41 and EF2019 in the range of 100 to 12800 AU/mL; all S. aureus isolates, except the strain SA 2A/3, exhibited the highest sensitivity to PPB EK13. On the other hand, all strains were resistant to PPB CCM4231.

• MeSH
• Bacteriocins metabolism   MeSH
• Cecum microbiology   MeSH
• Feces microbiology   MeSH
• Animals, Domestic microbiology   MeSH
• Rabbits MeSH
• Meat microbiology   MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial * MeSH
• Bridged-Ring Compounds metabolism   MeSH
• Methicillin Resistance * MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus drug effects   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Bacteriocins MeSH
• enterocin MeSH Browser
• Bridged-Ring Compounds MeSH

Three hundred and ten enterococcal isolates (178 Enterococcus faecium, 68 E. durans, 49 E. faecalis, 8 E. italicus, 3 E. gallinarum, 3 E. casseliflavus, and 1 E. hirae) from Slovak Bryndza cheese were evaluated for susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents (vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin). All enterococcal isolates from Bryndza cheese were susceptible to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin as determined by the disk diffusion method. Vancomycin resistance genes vanA and vanB were not detected. Resistance rates of enterococcal isolates to rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin were 24, 26, 2, and 1 %, respectively. Thirty-six % of E. faecium isolates and 22 % of the E. faecalis isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Resistance to rifampicin was similar in E. faecium (31 %) and E. faecalis (29 %). Both E. faecium and E. faecalis strains showed the same resistance to ciprofloxacin (2 %). E. durans isolates showed low levels of resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin (1-4 %). Forty-eight (30 %) of the E. faecium isolates, two (3 %) of the E. durans isolates, and six (12 %) of the E. faecalis isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The highest frequency of resistant enterococci was observed in Bryndza produced in winter season.

• MeSH
• Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Enterococcus classification   drug effects   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Drug Resistance MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Food Microbiology * MeSH
• Seasons MeSH
• Cheese microbiology   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Infective Agents MeSH

Considerable variation in counts of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in the ovine gastrointestinal tract was observed. The occurrence of ruminal and fecal isolates resistant to ampicillin (Ap), kanamycin (Km) and tetracycline (Tc) culminated in summer months, followed by rapid decline in subsequent months. Using PCR the tem1bla (Apr), aphA1 (Kmr) and tetB (Tcr) genes were found to be predominant. Under in vitro conditions all resistance genes were transferable into laboratory Escherichia coli strain with relatively high frequency (10(-3) transconjugants per recipient).

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial * MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins genetics   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae drug effects   genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetics   MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Tract microbiology   MeSH
• Conjugation, Genetic MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Sheep, Domestic microbiology   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Seasons MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins MeSH