The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) is a carnivorous plant able to synthesize large amounts of phenolic compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. In this study, the first genetic transformation of D. muscipula tissues is presented. Two wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains (LBA 9402 and ATCC 15834) were suitable vector organisms in the transformation process. Transformation led to the formation of teratoma (transformed shoot) cultures with the bacterial rolB gene incorporated into the plant genome in a single copy. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that transgenic plants were characterized by an increased quantity of phenolic compounds, including 1,4-naphtoquinone derivative, plumbagin (up to 106.63 mg × g-1 DW), and phenolic acids (including salicylic, caffeic, and ellagic acid), in comparison to non-transformed plants. Moreover, Rhizobium-mediated transformation highly increased the bactericidal properties of teratoma-derived extracts. The antibacterial properties of transformed plants were increased up to 33% against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli and up to 7% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the first time, we prove the possibility of D. muscipula transformation. Moreover, we propose that transformation may be a valuable tool for enhancing secondary metabolite production in D. muscipula tissue and to increase bactericidal properties against human antibiotic-resistant bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Rhizobium-mediated transformation created Dionaea muscipula teratomas. • Transformed plants had highly increased synthesis of phenolic compounds. • The MBC value was connected with plumbagin and phenolic acid concentrations.

• Klíčová slova
• Phenolic acids, Plumbagin, Rhizobium rhizogenes, Teratomas, Venus flytrap,
• MeSH
• Agrobacterium genetika   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Droseraceae * MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• fenoly MeSH

Plant secondary metabolism evolved in the context of highly organized and differentiated cells and tissues, featuring massive chemical complexity operating under tight environmental, developmental and genetic control. Biotechnological demand for natural products has been continuously increasing because of their significant value and new applications, mainly as pharmaceuticals. Aseptic production systems of plant secondary metabolites have improved considerably, constituting an attractive tool for increased, stable and large-scale supply of valuable molecules. Surprisingly, to date, only a few examples including taxol, shikonin, berberine and artemisinin have emerged as success cases of commercial production using this strategy. The present review focuses on the main characteristics of plant specialized metabolism and their implications for current strategies used to produce secondary compounds in axenic cultivation systems. The search for consonance between plant secondary metabolism unique features and various in vitro culture systems, including cell, tissue, organ, and engineered cultures, as well as heterologous expression in microbial platforms, is discussed. Data to date strongly suggest that attaining full potential of these biotechnology production strategies requires being able to take advantage of plant specialized metabolism singularities for improved target molecule yields and for bypassing inherent difficulties in its rational manipulation.

• Klíčová slova
• Genetically engineered cultures, In vitro culture, Natural products, Secondary metabolites, Synthetic biology,
• MeSH
• artemisininy izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• axenická kultura MeSH
• berberin izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické přípravky izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• biotechnologie metody   MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• fytonutrienty biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• metabolické inženýrství metody   MeSH
• naftochinony izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• paclitaxel biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• rostlinné buňky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekundární metabolismus MeSH
• techniky tkáňových kultur MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• artemisinin MeSH Prohlížeč
• artemisininy MeSH
• berberin MeSH
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• naftochinony MeSH
• paclitaxel MeSH
• shikonin MeSH Prohlížeč