The benefits of plant-microbe interactions have been exploited extensively for nutrient removal. Radial oxygen loss in aquatic macrophytes potentially promotes nitrification and accelerates nitrogen removal through coupled nitrification-denitrification process. Nitrification is likely the limiting activity for an effective nitrogen removal in wetlands. In this work, we have quantified the effect of radial oxygen losses in Typha angustifolia plants in environments of contrasting salinities, including a temporary lagoon, a constructed wetland, and a river estuary. In all sites, radial oxygen diffusion occurred mainly at a narrow band, from 1 to 5 cm from the root tip, and were almost absent at the tip and basal sections of the root (> 5 cm). Root sections with active oxygen diffusion tended to show higher bacterial and archaeal densities in the rhizoplane according to 16S rRNA gene abundance data, except at higher salinities. Archaeal amoA /bacterial amoA gene ratios were highly variable among sites. Archaeal nitrifiers were only favoured over bacteria on the root surface of Typha collected from the constructed wetland. Collectively, radial oxygen loss had little effect on the nitrifying microbial community at the smaller scale (differences according to root-section), and observed differences were more likely related to prevailing physicochemical conditions of the studied environments or to long-term effects of the root microenvironment (root vs sediment comparisons).

• MeSH
• amoniak metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• kyslík metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• nitrifikace fyziologie   MeSH
• orobincovité metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amoniak MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods of significant importance to human and veterinary medicine. They transmit a vast array of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and helminths. Most epidemiological data on ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) in the West Indies are limited to common livestock pathogens such as Ehrlichia ruminantium, Babesia spp. (i.e., B. bovis and B. bigemina), and Anaplasma marginale, and less information is available on companion animal pathogens. Of note, human tick-borne diseases (TBDs) remain almost completely uncharacterized in the West Indies. Information on TBP presence in wildlife is also missing. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the ticks and TBPs affecting human and animal health in the Caribbean, and introduce the challenges associated with understanding TBD epidemiology and implementing successful TBD management in this region. In particular, we stress the need for innovative and versatile surveillance tools using high-throughput pathogen detection (e.g., high-throughput real-time microfluidic PCR). The use of such tools in large epidemiological surveys will likely improve TBD prevention and control programs in the Caribbean.

• Klíčová slova
• Caribbean, epidemiology, new high-throughput technologies, surveillance, tick-borne pathogens, ticks,
• MeSH
• Anaplasma marginale izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• Babesia izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• divoká zvířata MeSH
• Ehrlichia ruminantium izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování veterinární   MeSH
• hmyz - vektory klasifikace   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• klíšťata klasifikace   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci přenášené klíšťaty epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nemoci zvířat epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• rychlé screeningové testy metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• karibský region epidemiologie   MeSH
• Západoindické souostroví epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Haynaldia villosa (H. villosa) has been recognized as a species potentially useful for wheat improvement. The availability of its genomic sequences will boost its research and application. RESULTS: In this work, the short arm of H. villosa chromosome 4V (4VS) was sorted by flow cytometry and sequenced using Illumina platform. About 170.6 Mb assembled sequences were obtained. Further analysis showed that repetitive elements accounted for about 64.6% of 4VS, while the coding fraction, which is corresponding to 1977 annotated genes, represented 1.5% of the arm. The syntenic regions of the 4VS were searched and identified on wheat group 4 chromosomes 4AL, 4BS, 4DS, Brachypodium chromosomes 1 and 4, rice chromosomes 3 and 11, and sorghum chromosomes 1, 5 and 8. Based on genome-zipper analysis, a virtual gene order comprising 735 gene loci on 4VS genome was built by referring to the Brachypodium genome, which was relatively consistent with the scaffold order determined for Ae. tauschii chromosome 4D. The homologous alleles of several cloned genes on wheat group 4 chromosomes including Rht-1 gene were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The sequences provided valuable information for mapping and positional-cloning genes located on 4VS, such as the wheat yellow mosaic virus resistance gene Wss1. The work on 4VS provided detailed insights into the genome of H. villosa, and may also serve as a model for sequencing the remaining parts of H. villosa genome.

• Klíčová slova
• Chromosome arm 4VS, Flow sorting, Genome zipper, Haynaldia villosa, Scaffold,
• MeSH
• chromozomy rostlin genetika   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• genomika MeSH
• lipnicovité genetika   MeSH
• mapování chromozomů MeSH
• pořadí genů genetika   MeSH
• repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nuclear genomes of human, animals, and plants are organized into subunits called chromosomes. When isolated into aqueous suspension, mitotic chromosomes can be classified using flow cytometry according to light scatter and fluorescence parameters. Chromosomes of interest can be purified by flow sorting if they can be resolved from other chromosomes in a karyotype. The analysis and sorting are carried out at rates of 10(2)-10(4) chromosomes per second, and for complex genomes such as wheat the flow sorting technology has been ground-breaking in reducing genome complexity for genome sequencing. The high sample rate provides an attractive approach for karyotype analysis (flow karyotyping) and the purification of chromosomes in large numbers. In characterizing the chromosome complement of an organism, the high number that can be studied using flow cytometry allows for a statistically accurate analysis. Chromosome sorting plays a particularly important role in the analysis of nuclear genome structure and the analysis of particular and aberrant chromosomes. Other attractive but not well-explored features include the analysis of chromosomal proteins, chromosome ultrastructure, and high-resolution mapping using FISH. Recent results demonstrate that chromosome flow sorting can be coupled seamlessly with DNA array and next-generation sequencing technologies for high-throughput analyses. The main advantages are targeting the analysis to a genome region of interest and a significant reduction in sample complexity. As flow sorters can also sort single copies of chromosomes, shotgun sequencing DNA amplified from them enables the production of haplotype-resolved genome sequences. This review explains the principles of flow cytometric chromosome analysis and sorting (flow cytogenetics), discusses the major uses of this technology in genome analysis, and outlines future directions.

• MeSH
• chromozomy chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fyzikální mapování chromozomů metody   MeSH
• genom lidský MeSH
• genomika metody   MeSH
• genová knihovna MeSH
• karyotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malování chromozomů metody   MeSH
• mitóza MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie metody   MeSH
• rostliny chemie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů metody   MeSH
• struktury chromozomu chemie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH