The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of vehicular traffic emissions on the contamination of wine production by heavy metals. For this purpose, selected heavy elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in the samples of vineyard soils, grapes, final wines, and samples from the various phases of the winemaking process of two South Moravian (Czech Republic) vineyards with different intensity of traffic. After the visualisation of the data, the interpretation of the results and risk assessment calculations were performed. The results obtained indicate that contamination of grapes with aerosol is the most important and soil contamination is of minor relevance. The application of fungicides was the primary source of copper and zinc in soils and grapes. During the winemaking process, there is a significant decrease in the content of heavy elements originating from emissions from vehicular traffic. However, winemaking technology was found to be the most important source of heavy elements in the final wine. The health risk assessment indicates a low risk of consumption of both grapes and wine from both the examined and the reference wineries.

• Klíčová slova
• Comparative analysis, Environmental pollution, Grapes, Heavy metals, Traffic emissions, Vineyard soil, Wine quality,
• MeSH
• farmy MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• těžké kovy * analýza   MeSH
• víno * analýza   MeSH
• Vitis * chemie   MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel * MeSH

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing the health and productivity of host plants, including grapevine. By forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots, AMF significantly improve water uptake and nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). This study evaluated the microbiome composition and AMF colonization in the grapevine endorhizosphere across five wine-growing sub-regions in the Czech Republic. In all five sub-regions, in terms of composition of the fungal microbiome, the phyla Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were most numerous. Additionally, the study confirmed that LSU primers are more sensitive than ITS primers for AMF sequencing. While the representation of the phylum Glomeromycetes ranged from 0.07% to 5.65% in the ITS library, it was significantly higher, ranging from 83.74% to 98.71%, in the LSU library. The most significant difference compared to other sub-regions was observed in the Slovácko sub-region, where the soil had a low pH, a different texture (sandy loam), reduced micronutrient concentration, and low organic matter. The application of chemical plant protection products to grapevines also could have played a significant role, with 49 applications recorded in the Slovácko sub-region during the three years preceding sample collection. In other sub-regions, chemical treatments were conducted only 19-26 times. These factors resulted in only trace amounts of AMF being detected in Slovácko. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that AMF positively influenced the phosphorus concentration in the soil and reduced the presence of certain fungal pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Endorhizosphere, Grapevine, Metagenomics, Microbiome, Soil characteristics,
• MeSH
• fosfor analýza   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• mykorhiza * fyziologie   klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• půda * chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• rhizosféra * MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• Vitis * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fosfor MeSH
• půda * MeSH

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) pose a major threat to the wine industry worldwide. Currently, efficient biological methods or chemical compounds are not available for the treatment of infected grapevines. In the present study, we used an extract from the knotwood of spruce trees as a biological control against GTDs. Our in vitro trial was focused on the antifungal effects of the extract against the most common GTD pathogens-Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Dactylonectria torresensis, Diaporthe ampelina, Diaporthe bohemiae, Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, and Phaeoacremonium minimum. Our in vitro trial revealed a high antifungal effect of the extract against all tested fungi. The inhibition rates varied among the different species from 30% to 100% using 1 mg·mL-1 extract. Subsequently, the efficiency of the extract was supported by an in planta experiment. Commercial grafts of Vitis vinifera were treated with the extract and planted. The total genomic DNA of grapevines was extracted 10 days and 180 days after the treatment. The fungal microbial diversities of the treated/untreated plants were compared using high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS). Treated plants showed 76.9% lower relative abundance of the genus Diaporthe and 70% lower relative abundance of the genus Phaeoacremonium 10 days after treatment. A similar scenario was observed for the genus Cadophora 180 days after treatment, where treated plants showed 76% lower relative abundance of this genus compared with untreated grapevines.

• Klíčová slova
• 7-hydroxymatairesinol, GTD, HMR, Norway spruce, bioprotection, grapevine, wood extract,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study is to investigate how the presence of Cu influences tebuconazole (Teb) sorption onto contrasting soil types and two important constituents of the soil sorption complex: hydrated Fe oxide and humic substances. Tebuconazole was used in commercial form and as an analytical-grade chemical at different Teb/Cu molar ratios (1:4, 1:1, 4:1, and Teb alone). Increased Cu concentrations had a positive effect on tebuconazole sorption onto most soils and humic substances, probably as a result of Cu-Teb tertiary complexes on the soil surfaces. Tebuconazole sorption increased in the following order of different Teb/Cu ratios 1:4>1:1>4:1>without Cu addition, with the only exception for the Leptosol and ferrihydrite. The highest K f value was observed for humic substances followed by ferrihydrite, the Cambisol, the Arenosol, and the Leptosol. The sorption of analytical-grade tebuconazole onto all matrices was lower, but the addition of Cu supported again tebuconazole sorption. The Teb/Cu ratio with the highest Cu addition (1:4) exhibited the highest K f values in all matrices with the exception of ferrihydrite. The differences in tebuconazole sorption can be attributed to the additives present in the commercial product. This work proved the importance of soil characteristics and composition of the commercially available pesticides together with the presence of Cu on the behavior of tebuconazole in soils.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• huminové látky * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu chemie   MeSH
• měď chemie   MeSH
• pesticidy chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• triazoly chemie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ferric oxyhydroxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• huminové látky * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• měď MeSH
• pesticidy MeSH
• půda MeSH
• tebuconazole MeSH Prohlížeč
• triazoly MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH