Effects of different factors on the content of phenolics, anthocyanins, antioxidants and colour parameters in two varieties of Aronia and three varieties of Saskatoon berries were evaluated. The berries were extracted by dynamic solvent extraction using three different solvents (water, 50% ethanol (v/v) and dimethyl sulfoxide) and subsequently analysed by ultraviolet visible near infrared spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance followed by chemometric analysis. The results obtained show that, dimethyl sulfoxide was the most appropriate for berries functional components isolation, and among the studied berries, Aronia exhibited the highest contents of phenolics. Besides that, varieties of Aronia melanocarpa Viking and of Amelanchier lamarckii Ballerina were selected as the cultivars with high contents of functional components. Satisfactory differentiation of berries was achieved according to extraction solvent, fruit type, variety and production years. The results obtained reveal that, phytochemical composition of Aronia and Saskatoon berries may vary depending on genotypic factors, climate, growing conditions as well as on extraction method used for their assessment. Sample processing, genotypic and seasonal factors had significant effect on the concentration of naturally occurring compounds in berries.

• Klíčová slova
• Aronia berries, Chemometrics, Effect of extraction solvent type choice, Genotypic effects, Saskatoon berries, Seasonal effects,
• MeSH
• anthokyaniny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• Photinia * MeSH
• Rosaceae * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthokyaniny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine; also known as GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant that plays a crucial role in cell defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. It is thus not surprising that this molecule can serve as a biomarker for oxidative stress monitoring. As capillary blood is a highly accessible target for biomarking, it is a valuable bodily fluid for diagnosing human GSH levels. This study focused on the optimization of GSH measurements from micro volumes of capillary blood prior to using electrochemical detection. The optimization of experimental parameters, including the sample volume and its stability, was performed and evaluated. Moreover, we tested the optimized method as part of a short-term study. The study consisted of examining 10 subjects within 96 h of their consumption of high amounts of antioxidants, attained from a daily dose of 2 g/150 mL of green tea. The subjects' capillary blood (5 μL) was taken at 0 h, 48 h, and 96 h for subsequent analysis. The short-term supplementation of diet with green tea showed an increase of GSH pool by approximately 38% (between 0 and 48 h) within all subjects.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidant molecules, blood drop analysis, electrochemical analysis, nutritional study, sample pretreatment,
• MeSH
• čaj chemie   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky MeSH
• glutathion krev   MeSH
• glutathiondisulfid krev   MeSH
• kapiláry MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• čaj MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• glutathiondisulfid MeSH

In recent years, growing attention has been focused on the utilization of natural sources of antioxidants in the prevention of chronic diseases. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) represents a lesser known fruit species utilized mainly as juices, purees, jams, jellies and wine, as important food colorants or nutritional supplements. The fruit is valued as a great source of antioxidants, especially polyphenols, such as phenolic acids (neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavanols and flavonols), particularly cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, as well as (-)-epicatechin units. The berries of A. melanocarpa, due to the presence and the high content of these bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of positive effects, such as strong antioxidant activity and potential medicinal and therapeutic benefits (gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory activities). They could be also contributory toward the prevention of chronic diseases including metabolic disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, because of supportive impacts on lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure levels.

• Klíčová slova
• Aronia melanocarpa, bioactive compounds, black chokeberry, chronic diseases, prevention,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• Photinia chemie   MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• polyfenoly aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Nowadays, much research attention is focused on underutilized berry crops due to the high antioxidant activity of fruits. Black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) represents an important source of flavonols (quercetin, rutin, myricetin, naringenin, naringin, morin, and kaempferol) and anthocyanins. The fruit components could be utilised as natural colourants or as a part of functional foods and, because of the high antioxidant activity, the berries of black crowberry can be used in the treatment of diseases accompanied with inflammation, or as an effective antibacterial and antifungal remedy. Moreover, the reduction of lipid accumulation and total cholesterol as well as an improvement of postprandial hyperglycaemia have been proven. This review summarizes for the first time the main antioxidants (flavonoids) of black crowberry fruits, with a focus on their health promoting activity.

• Klíčová slova
• anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polyphenols,
• MeSH
• Ericaceae chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• flavonoidy MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

Quercetin is the great representative of polyphenols, flavonoids subgroup, flavonols. Its main natural sources in foods are vegetables such as onions, the most studied quercetin containing foods, and broccoli; fruits (apples, berry crops, and grapes); some herbs; tea; and wine. Quercetin is known for its antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and anti-allergic properties characterized by stimulation of immune system, antiviral activity, inhibition of histamine release, decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, leukotrienes creation, and suppresses interleukin IL-4 production. It can improve the Th1/Th2 balance, and restrain antigen-specific IgE antibody formation. It is also effective in the inhibition of enzymes such as lipoxygenase, eosinophil and peroxidase and the suppression of inflammatory mediators. All mentioned mechanisms of action contribute to the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of quercetin that can be effectively utilized in treatment of late-phase, and late-late-phase bronchial asthma responses, allergic rhinitis and restricted peanut-induced anaphylactic reactions. Plant extract of quercetin is the main ingredient of many potential anti-allergic drugs, supplements and enriched products, which is more competent in inhibiting of IL-8 than cromolyn (anti-allergic drug disodium cromoglycate) and suppresses IL-6 and cytosolic calcium level increase.

• Klíčová slova
• anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory properties, flavonoids, immune response, quercetin,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Brassica chemie   MeSH
• česneky chemie   MeSH
• flavonoly imunologie   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• histamin imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• imunoglobulin E biosyntéza   MeSH
• interleukin-4 biosyntéza   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• přirozená imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• quercetin imunologie   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rovnováha Th1-Th2 účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• flavonoly MeSH
• histamin MeSH
• IL4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• imunoglobulin E MeSH
• interleukin-4 MeSH
• quercetin MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactive substances in 19 berry cultivars of edible honeysuckle (Lonicera edulis). A statistical evaluation was used to determine the relationship between the content of selected bioactive substances and individual cultivars. Regarding mineral elements, the content of sodium was measured using potentiometry and spectrophotometry. The content of selected polyphenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity was determined by a HPLC-UV/ED method. The total amount of polyphenols was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was determined using five methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, FR and DMPD) that differ in their principles. The content of 13 amino acids was determined by ion-exchange chromatography. The experimental results obtained for the different cultivars were evaluated and compared by statistical and bioinformatic methods. A unique feature of this study lies in the exhaustive analysis of the chosen parameters (amino acids, mineral elements, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity) during one growing season.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• chromatografie iontoměničová MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• Lonicera chemie   genetika   MeSH
• minerály analýza   MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• polyfenoly analýza   chemie   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• minerály MeSH
• polyfenoly MeSH