In contrast to the decreasing burden related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity complications is increasing in Czechia, and local drivers must be identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate biological, behavioral, and environmental drivers of dysglycemia and abnormal adiposity in Czechia. Additionally, the structure of the Czech healthcare system was described. The prevalence of obesity in men and diabetes in both sexes has been increasing over the past 30 years. Possible reasons include the Eastern European eating pattern, high prevalence of physical inactivity and health illiteracy, education, and income-related health inequalities. Despite the advanced healthcare system based on the compulsory insurance model with free-for-service healthcare and a wide range of health-promoting initiatives, more effective strategies to tackle the adiposity/dysglycemia are needed. In conclusion, the disease burden related to dysglycemia and adiposity in Czechia remains high but is not translated into greater CVD. This discordant relationship likely depends more on other factors, such as improvements in dyslipidemia and hypertension control. A reconceptualization of abnormal adiposity and dysglycemia into a more actionable cardiometabolic-based chronic disease model is needed to improve the approach to these conditions. This review can serve as a platform to investigate causal mechanisms and secure effective management of cardiometabolic-based chronic disease.

• Klíčová slova
• adiposity, cardiometabolic risk, cardiovascular disease, chronic disease, dysglycemia, insulin resistance, nutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes,
• MeSH
• adipozita etnologie   MeSH
• běloši statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chronická nemoc epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• dieta škodlivé účinky   etnologie   MeSH
• disparity zdravotního stavu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• kardiometabolické riziko MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prediabetes epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• sedavý životní styl etnologie   MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví etnologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: The Czech governmental study suggests up to a 25% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Roma population than within the majority population. It is not known whether and to what extent these differences have a genetic background. METHODS: To analyze whether the frequencies of the alleles/genotypes of the FTO, TCF7L2, CDKN2A/2B, MAEA, TLE4, IGF2BP2, ARAP1, and KCNJ11 genes differ between the two major ethnic groups in the Czech Republic, we examined them in DNA samples from 302 Roma individuals and 298 Czech individuals. RESULTS: Compared to the majority population, Roma are more likely to carry risk alleles in the FTO (26% vs. 16% GG homozygotes, p < .01), IGF2BP2 (22% vs. 10% TT homozygotes, p < .0001), ARAP1 (98% vs. 95% of A allele carriers, p < .005), and CDKN2A/2B (81% vs. 66% of TT homozygotes, p < .001) genes; however, less frequently they are carriers of the TCF7L2 risk allele (34% vs. 48% of the T allele p < .0005). Finally, we found significant accumulation of T2DM-associated alleles between the Roma population in comparison with the majority population (25.4% vs. 15.2% of the carriers of at least 12 risk alleles; p < .0001). CONCLUSION: The increased prevalence of T2DM in the Roma population may have a background in different frequencies of the risk alleles of genes associated with T2DM development.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech population, Roma population, T2DM, gene score, polymorphism,
• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   etnologie   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu * MeSH
• genetické lokusy * MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• Romové genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH

BACKGROUND This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the common TMEM-18 (rs4854344, G>T) and NYD-SP18 (rs6971091, G>A) gene variants and weight loss after lifestyle interventions (increased physical activity in conjunction with optimal dietary intake) in overweight/obese children/adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS We genotyped 684 unrelated, white, non-diabetic children (age 12.7±2.1 years, average BMI at baseline 30.66±4.80 kg/m²). Anthropometric and biochemical examinations were performed before and after 4 weeks of an intensive lifestyle intervention. RESULTS The mean weight loss achieved was 5.20±2.02 kg (P<0.001). NYDSP-18 AA homozygotes had significantly higher abdominal skinfold value before and after the intervention (both, P=0.001). No significant associations between BMI decrease and the NYD-SP18 and TMEM18 variants were found. Associations between all anthropometrical and biochemical changes and genes remained non-significant after data were adjusted for sex, age, and baseline values. CONCLUSIONS Decreased body weight in overweight/obese children is not significantly influenced by the NYD-SP18 rs6971091 or TMEM18 rs4854344 polymorphisms.

• MeSH
• adipozita genetika   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek genetika   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jaderné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nadváha genetika   MeSH
• obezita genetika   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost genetika   MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• FAM71F1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• jaderné proteiny MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• TMEM18 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč