The authors present population projections for the Czech Republic to the year 2010. Forecasts are made of mortality, fertility, migration, the total population, the economically active population, and the post-reproductive population. (SUMMARY IN CZE)

• Klíčová slova
• Adult, Age Factors, Aged *, Czech Republic, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Economic Factors, Estimation Technics, Europe, Fertility *, Human Resources, Labor Force *, Migration *, Mortality *, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Dynamics, Population Projection *, Population Size *, Research Methodology,
• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ekonomika MeSH
• emigrace a imigrace * MeSH
• fertilita * MeSH
• hustota populace * MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační charakteristiky MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• předpověď * MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• zaměstnanost * MeSH
• zdravotničtí pracovníci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The author analyzes population dynamics in the Czech Republic since the nineteenth century. "[The Czech population]...differs presently together with other former socialist countries from remaining European countries, mainly in the worse mortality situation; its improvement is, however, expected. The total number of inhabitants will probably stabilize at the present level or slightly increase, but even...negative growth after 2000 is not excluded." (EXCERPT)

• Klíčová slova
• Comparative Studies *, Czech Republic, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Estimation Technics, Europe, Historical Survey *, Mortality *, Population, Population Dynamics *, Population Forecast *, Population Size *, Research Methodology, Studies,
• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• hustota populace * MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační dynamika * MeSH
• předpověď * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: The Czech governmental study suggests up to a 25% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Roma population than within the majority population. It is not known whether and to what extent these differences have a genetic background. METHODS: To analyze whether the frequencies of the alleles/genotypes of the FTO, TCF7L2, CDKN2A/2B, MAEA, TLE4, IGF2BP2, ARAP1, and KCNJ11 genes differ between the two major ethnic groups in the Czech Republic, we examined them in DNA samples from 302 Roma individuals and 298 Czech individuals. RESULTS: Compared to the majority population, Roma are more likely to carry risk alleles in the FTO (26% vs. 16% GG homozygotes, p < .01), IGF2BP2 (22% vs. 10% TT homozygotes, p < .0001), ARAP1 (98% vs. 95% of A allele carriers, p < .005), and CDKN2A/2B (81% vs. 66% of TT homozygotes, p < .001) genes; however, less frequently they are carriers of the TCF7L2 risk allele (34% vs. 48% of the T allele p < .0005). Finally, we found significant accumulation of T2DM-associated alleles between the Roma population in comparison with the majority population (25.4% vs. 15.2% of the carriers of at least 12 risk alleles; p < .0001). CONCLUSION: The increased prevalence of T2DM in the Roma population may have a background in different frequencies of the risk alleles of genes associated with T2DM development.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech population, Roma population, T2DM, gene score, polymorphism,
• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   etnologie   genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu * MeSH
• genetické lokusy * MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• Romové genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH

"The behaviour of the population of the Czech Republic has been changing since 1991. The changes have resulted in a considerable decrease in marriages and births, and a slight fall in mortality rates. The decline in the number of newly-weds and new-born children can be attributed to significant structural changes in society connected with the transformation of the reproductive model established in the post war era. The changes have been initiated most notably by the younger generation...."

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Economic Factors, Europe, Fertility, Fertility Decline *, Marriage, Marriage Patterns *, Mortality *, Nuptiality, Population, Population Dynamics *, Reproductive Behavior *, Social Change *, Social Development *,
• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• ekonomika MeSH
• fertilita MeSH
• manželství * MeSH
• mortalita * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační dynamika * MeSH
• porodnost * MeSH
• sexuální chování * MeSH
• sociální změna * MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The results of examination of antibodies against all three types ofthe poliomyelitis virus from the period of systematically performed multipurpose immunological survey in the Czech Socialistic Republic (1970--1975) are presented and evaluated. The analysis of these results indicates that the status of immunity in the Czech population, systematically vaccinated against poliomyelitis, is good, as all requirements of collective protection against this disease have been met. At the same time, the results demonstrated that immunological surveys are at present the most suitable method of verifying the immunity of the vaccinated population and should be consistently performed.

• MeSH
• imunita * MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poliomyelitida imunologie   MeSH
• poliovirová vakcína inaktivovaná terapeutické užití   MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• poliovirová vakcína inaktivovaná MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH

The author reports on a 1991 survey in the Czech and Slovak Republics "concerning the attitudes towards demographic tendencies, family formation and population-related policies.... The objective was to gain a better knowledge of the opinions and perceptions of the Czech and Slovak populations on these matters, as well as the demands to the government arising from society, both regarding its present position on the subject and its future responsibilities." Sections are included on family formation, the meaning of parenthood, and family policy and fertility intentions. (SUMMARY IN CZE)

• Klíčová slova
• Attitude *, Behavior, Czechoslovakia, Demographic Factors, Developed Countries, Eastern Europe, Economic Factors, Europe, Family And Household, Family Characteristics *, Family Policy *, Family Relationships, Fertility, Fertility Preferences *, Needs *, Parents *, Perception *, Policy, Population, Population Dynamics *, Population Policy *, Psychological Factors, Public Opinion *, Social Policy,
• MeSH
• charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
• chování MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• ekonomika MeSH
• fertilita * MeSH
• percepce * MeSH
• politika plánování rodičovství * MeSH
• populace MeSH
• populační dynamika * MeSH
• postoj * MeSH
• psychologie MeSH
• rodiče * MeSH
• rodinné vztahy MeSH
• veřejná politika * MeSH
• veřejné mínění * MeSH
• vyspělé země MeSH
• zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• východní Evropa MeSH

The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup frequency in various populations is a tool for studying human history and population dynamics. The aim of this study is to map the frequency of major mtDNA haplogroups in 300 maternally unrelated individuals representing the Czech population of the central part of the Czech Republic. Eighteen polymorphic sites in the coding region of mtDNA were screened by PCR-RFLP to determine 11 mtDNA haplogroups and 5 subhaplogroups. The most frequent haplogroups were H (41%) and U (21%). Less frequent haplogroups were J and T, each with a frequency of 8%. Frequencies of other haplogroups (V, K, HV, W, preV, X, and I) did not exceed 5%. The results of our study reveal that the frequency of mtDNA haplogroups in the Czech population is similar to the frequencies obtained in other European countries, especially Poland, Germany, and Russia. On the contrary, significant differences in haplogroup frequency were found between the Czech and Finnish populations (haplogroups U, T, W) and populations from Bulgaria and Turkey (haplogroups H).

• MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• populační genetika * MeSH
• populační skupiny genetika   MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH

In 1985 and 1988 as part of the WHO's MONICA project two surveys of cardiovascular risk factors were conducted in the population aged 25 to 64 years and resident in the six districts of the Czech Republic collaborating in MONICA. Over a period of three years, the prevalence of smoking decreased from 46% to 41.8% (p less than 0.05) in men. Daily cigarette consumption declined from 17.9 to 15.1 (p less than 0.001) in men and from 11.1 to 10.1 (p less than 0.05) in women. Despite the unchanged prevalence of hypertension during the three years' period the proportion of population with elevated BP levels declined from 22.25% to 19.1% in men (p less than 0.05), and from 16.8% to 14.0% (p less than 0.05) in women as a result of better hypertension control. The prevalence of obesity in men rose from 18.5% to 23.9% (p less than 0.001). The proportion of individuals with a total cholesterol level over 5.2 mmol/l rose from 78.0% to 83.1% (p less than 0.001) in men and from 75.9% to 80.6% in women (p less than 0.01). The changes were favourable only in those risk factors that were actively influenced by the preventive programmes "A Chance for Three Million" in smoking habits, and the "National Programme of Hypertension Control". The authors believe that consistent nationwide preventive programmes might exert a beneficial effect on the profile of risk factors of the whole Czech population.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypercholesterolemie epidemiologie   MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   MeSH
• koronární nemoc epidemiologie   MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

This article considers developing trends in self-perceptions of health among the Czech population. Its conclusions are based on data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) conducted from 2005-2011. The data analysis suggests that the compression of morbidity is present, but the Czech Republic continues to lag behind Western Europe. In addition, among males the difference in health expectancies between the Czech Republic and the EU-15 is due to a change in mortality at higher ages, rather than in self-perceived health. Among females the opposite is true. Demographic categories, such as "attained education" and "age-group" proved to be significant factors in influencing self-perceived health in the Czech population for the year 2011. Gender and marital status seem to be less important.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• naděje dožití MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of arterial hypertension and its awareness rate and control rate among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in the Czech Republic between 25-64 years of age and to compare the results with those in age-matched non-diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood pressure measurement data of 1 170 respondents (467 men and 703 women) obtained during the EHES study in 2014 were analysed. DM was diagnosed in 95 (8.2%) respondents (44 men and 51 women). RESULTS: Mean systolic blood pressure in DM patients was 130.7 ± 18.3 vs. 123.2 ± 16.8 mmHg in non-DM subjects (p < 0.001). The difference in diastolic blood pressure was on the borderline of statistical significance (82.2 ± 9.4 mmHg in DM vs. 80.0 ± 10.6 mmHg in non-DM subjects, p = 0.051). Among the study population, 69.5% of DM and 34.2% of non-DM subjects suffered from arterial hypertension (p < 0.001). The hypertension awareness rates were 87.9% in the DM group and 66.8 % in the non-DM group. (p = 0.001). The percentage of treated arterial hypertension was 94.8% in DM patients vs. 80.5% in the non-DM group (p = 0.010). The blood pressure target of < 140/90 mmHg was achieved in 47.3% of DM patients vs. 60.6% in non-DM subjects (p = 0.077). Using a blood pressure target of < 130/80 mmHg, adequate arterial hypertension control was achieved in only 29.1% of DM patients. When comparing the achievement of the blood pressure targets recommended for diabetic patients (< 130/80 mmHg) and non-DM patients (< 140/90 mmHg), the difference between these groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in favour of the non-diabetic group. CONCLUSION: The study has shown the prevalence of arterial hypertension to be twice as high in DM patients aged 25-64 compared to the age-matched non-DM subjects in the Czech Republic. The adequate blood pressure control rate is significantly lower in DM patients than in the non-diabetic population. The study results indicate that the blood pressure targets recommended for diabetic patients (< 130/80 mmHg) are not always reached in clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech population, adequate blood pressure control, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, the Czech population,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * epidemiologie   MeSH
• hypertenze * epidemiologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH