The need for biosensors has evolved in the detection of molecules, diseases, and pollution from various sources. This requirement has headed to the development of accurate and powerful equipment for analysis using biological sensing component as a biosensor. Biosensors have the advantage of rapid detection that can beat the conventional methods for the detection of the same molecules. Bio-chemiluminescence-based sensors are very sensitive during use in biological immune assay systems. Optical biosensors are emerging with time as they have the advantage that they act with a change in the refractive index. Carbon nanotube-based sensors are another area that has an important role in the biosensor field. Bioluminescence gives much higher quantum yields than classical chemiluminescence. Electro-generated bioluminescence has the advantage of miniature size and can produce a high signal-to-noise ratio and the controlled emission. Recent advances in biological techniques and instrumentation involving fluorescence tag to nanomaterials have increased the sensitivity limit of biosensors. Integrated approaches provided a better perspective for developing specific and sensitive biosensors with high regenerative potentials. This paper mainly focuses on sensors that are important for the detection of multiple molecules related to clinical and environmental applications. KEY POINTS: • The review focusses on the applications of luminescence-based, surface plasmon resonance-based, carbon nanotube-based, and graphene-based biosensors • Potential clinical, environmental, agricultural, and food industry applications/uses of biosensors have been critically reviewed • The current limitations in this field are discussed, as well as the prospects for future advancement.

• Klíčová slova
• Agriculture and food industry, Bio-chemiluminescence, Biosensors, Carbon nanotubes, Diseases, Environmental application, Graphene, Pollution,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * MeSH
• grafit * MeSH
• luminiscence MeSH
• nanotrubičky uhlíkové * MeSH
• povrchová plasmonová rezonance MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• grafit * MeSH
• nanotrubičky uhlíkové * MeSH

A novel greener methodology is reported for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using gum Arabic (Acacia senegal) and the characterization of the ensuing TiO2 NPs by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution-TEM, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed the formation of TiO2 NPs in the anatase phase with high crystal purity, while TEM confirmed the size to be 8.9 ± 1.5 nm with a spherical morphology. The electrode for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+ ions was modified by a carbon paste fabricated using the synthesized TiO2 NPs. Compared to the bare electrode, the fabricated electrode exhibited improved electro-catalytic activity toward the reduction of Pb2+ ions. The detection limit, quantification limit, and the sensitivity of the developed electrode were observed by using differential pulse voltammetry to be 506 ppb, 1.68 ppm, and 0.52 ± 0.01 μA μM-1, respectively. The constructed electrode was tested for the detection of lead content in plastic toys.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH