AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of diabetic macular edema (DME) therapy using subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) with a wavelength of 577 nm during a long-term monitoring period of 5 years. METHODS: The cohort included the total number of 52 eyes of 34 patients with DME. All underwent the standard laser treatment for the diabetic retinopathy outside the macula and DME treatment with SMPL. Subsequent check-ups were followed every 3 months in the first year of treatment, and every 4 to 6 months in the following years. The treatment was combined neither with focal macular laser nor with anti-VEGF therapy. RESULTS: The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) was 345.9 µm SD 122.6 µm at the beginning of the monitoring. At the end of the follow-up period five years after treatment it was 256.4 µm SD 98.4 µm. The mean CRT decreased by 89.5 µm SD 153.6 µm during 5 years. At the beginning of the monitoring, before treatment with SMPL, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 70.0, SD 10.1 ETDRS letters. One year after therapy, BCVA was 72, SD 10.0 letters, two years later it was 71.4, SD 10.4 letters and decreased to 66.9, SD 12.1 letters after 5 years. The mean BCVA decreased by merely 3.1, SD 10.9 letters during 5 years. CONCLUSION: Based on our long-term observations, the DME treatment with SMPL appears to be an effective method for reducing DME and protecting BCVA against rapid worsening.

• Klíčová slova
• diabetic macular edema, subthreshold micropulse laser therapy,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * terapie   MeSH
• diabetická retinopatie * chirurgie   MeSH
• laserová koagulace metody   MeSH
• lasery MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• macula lutea * chirurgie   MeSH
• makulární edém * chirurgie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Glucans are part of a group of biologically active natural molecules and are steadily gaining strong attention not only as an important food supplement, but also as an immunostimulant and potential drug. This paper represents an up-to-date review of glucans (β-1,3-glucans) and their role in various immune reactions and the treatment of cancer. With more than 80 clinical trials evaluating their biological effects, the question is not if glucans will move from food supplement to widely accepted drug, but how soon.

• Klíčová slova
• drug, food, glucan, immunity, infection, mushrooms, supplement,
• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Agaricales chemie   MeSH
• beta-glukany chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• imunitní systém účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• protinádorové látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• beta-glukany MeSH
• protinádorové látky MeSH