Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), accountable for causing the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19), is already declared as a pandemic disease globally. Like previously reported SARS-CoV strain, the novel SARS-CoV-2 also initiates the viral pathogenesis via docking viral spike-protein with the membranal angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - a receptor on variety of cells in the human body. Therefore, COVID-19 is broadly characterized as a disease that targets multiple organs, particularly causing acute complications via organ-specific pathogenesis accompanied by destruction of ACE2+ cells, including alveolus, cardiac microvasculature, endothelium, and glomerulus. Under such circumstances, the high expression of ACE2 in predisposing individuals associated with anomalous production of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may promote enhanced viral load in COVID-19, which comparatively triggers excessive apoptosis. Furthermore, multi-organ injuries were found linked to altered ACE2 expression and inequality between the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mitochondrial Ang system (MAS) and renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in COVID-19 patients. However, the exact pathogenesis of multi-organ damage in COVID-19 is still obscure, but several perspectives have been postulated, involving altered ACE2 expression linked with direct/indirect damages by the virus-induced immune responses, such as cytokinin storm. Thus, insights into the invasion of a virus with respect to ACE2 expression site can be helpful to simulate or understand the possible complications in the targeted organ during viral infection. Hence, this review summarizes the multiple organs invasion by SARS CoV-2 linked with ACE2 expression and their consequences, which can be helpful in the management of the COVID-19 pathogenesis under life-threatening conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Angiotensin-(1-7), COVID-19, Extrapulmonary manifestation, Multiorgan damage, Pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2,
• MeSH
• angiotensin konvertující enzym metabolismus   MeSH
• angiotensin-konvertující enzym 2 MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ACE2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• angiotensin konvertující enzym MeSH
• angiotensin-konvertující enzym 2 MeSH

SARS-CoV-2 claimed numerous lives and put nations on high alert. The lack of antiviral medications and the small number of approved vaccines, as well as the recurrence of adverse effects, necessitates the development of novel treatment ways to combat COVID-19. In this context, using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, we gathered information about nanotechnology's involvement in the prevention, diagnosis and virus-like particle vaccine development. This review revealed that various nanomaterials like gold, polymeric, graphene and poly amino ester with carboxyl group coated magnetic nanoparticles have been explored for the fast detection of SARS-CoV-2. Personal protective equipment fabricated with nanoparticles, such as gloves, masks, clothes, surfactants, and Ag, TiO2 based disinfectants played an essential role in halting COVID-19 transmission. Nanoparticles are used not only in vaccine delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles mediated transport of mRNA-based Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, but also in the development of vaccine as the virus-like particles elicit an immune response. There are now 18 virus-like particle vaccines in pre-clinical development, with one of them, developed by Novavax, reported being in phase 3 trials. Due to the probability of upcoming COVID-19 waves, and the rise of new diseases, the future relevance of virus-like particles is imperative. Furthermore, psychosocial variables linked to vaccine reluctance constitute a critical problem that must be addressed immediately to avert pandemic.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, diagnosis, prevention, virus-like particle vaccines,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Waterborne pathogens including viruses, bacteria and micropollutants secreted from population can spread through the sewerage system. In this study, the efficiency of unique effervescent ferrate-based tablets was evaluated for total RNA and DNA removal, disinfection and degradation of micropollutants in hospital wastewater. For the purpose of testing, proposed tablets (based on citric acid or sodium dihydrogen phosphate) were used for various types of hospital wastewater with specific biological and chemical contamination. Total RNA destruction efficiency using tablets was 70-100% depending on the type of acidic component. DNA destruction efficiency was lower on the level 51-94% depending on the type of acidic component. In addition, our study confirms that effervescent ferrate-based tablets are able to efficiently remove of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater. Degradation of often detected micropollutants (antiepileptic, antidepressant, antihistamine, hypertensive and their metabolites) was dependent on the type of detected pharmaceuticals and on the acidic component used. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate based tablet appeared to be more effective than citric acid based tablet and removed some pharmaceuticals with efficiency higher than 97%. Last but not least, the disinfection ability was also verified. Tableted ferrates were confirmed to be an effective disinfectant and no resistant microorganisms were observed after treatment. Total and antibiotic resistant bacteria (coliforms and enterococci) were determined by cultivation on diagnostic selective agar growth media.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Ferrate(VI), Pharmaceuticals, SARS-CoV-2, Wastewater treatment,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The first known case of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in December 2019. It has spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic, imposed restrictions and costs to many countries. Predicting the number of new cases and deaths during this period can be a useful step in predicting the costs and facilities required in the future. The purpose of this study is to predict new cases and deaths rate one, three and seven-day ahead during the next 100 days. The motivation for predicting every n days (instead of just every day) is the investigation of the possibility of computational cost reduction and still achieving reasonable performance. Such a scenario may be encountered in real-time forecasting of time series. Six different deep learning methods are examined on the data adopted from the WHO website. Three methods are LSTM, Convolutional LSTM, and GRU. The bidirectional extension is then considered for each method to forecast the rate of new cases and new deaths in Australia and Iran countries. This study is novel as it carries out a comprehensive evaluation of the aforementioned three deep learning methods and their bidirectional extensions to perform prediction on COVID-19 new cases and new death rate time series. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Bi-GRU and Bi-Conv-LSTM models are used for prediction on COVID-19 new cases and new deaths time series. The evaluation of the methods is presented in the form of graphs and Friedman statistical test. The results show that the bidirectional models have lower errors than other models. A several error evaluation metrics are presented to compare all models, and finally, the superiority of bidirectional methods is determined. This research could be useful for organisations working against COVID-19 and determining their long-term plans.

• Klíčová slova
• ANFIS, Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System, ANN, Artificial Neural Network, AU, Australia, Bi-Conv-LSTM, Bidirectional Convolutional Long Short Term Memory, Bi-GRU, Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit, Bi-LSTM, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory, Bidirectional, COVID-19 Prediction, COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019, Conv-LSTM, Convolutional Long Short Term Memory, Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (Conv-LSTM), DL, Deep Learning, DLSTM, Delayed Long Short-Term Memory, Deep learning, EMRO, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, ES, Exponential Smoothing, EV, Explained Variance, GRU, Gated Recurrent Unit, Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), IR, Iran, LR, Linear Regression, LSTM, Long Short-Term Memory, Lasso, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), MAE, Mean Absolute Error, MAPE, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, ML, Machine Learning, MLP-ICA, Multi-layered Perceptron-Imperialist Competitive Calculation, MSE, Mean Square Error, MSLE, Mean Squared Log Error, Machine learning, New Cases of COVID-19, New Deaths of COVID-19, PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Precise Surveys and Meta-Analyses, RMSE, Root Mean Square Error, RMSLE, Root Mean Squared Log Error, RNN, Repetitive Neural Network, ReLU, Rectified Linear Unit, SARS, Serious Intense Respiratory Disorder, SARS-COV, SARS coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, Serious Intense Respiratory Disorder Coronavirus 2, SVM, Support Vector Machine, VAE, Variational Auto Encoder, WHO, World Health Organization, WPRO, Western Pacific Regional Office,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A new and more aggressive strain of coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, which is highly contagious, has rapidly spread across the planet within a short period of time. Due to its high transmission rate and the significant time-space between infection and manifestation of symptoms, the WHO recently declared this a pandemic. Because of the exponentially growing number of new cases of both infections and deaths, development of new therapeutic options to help fight this pandemic is urgently needed. The target molecules of this study were the nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide. Computational design at the DFT level, docking studies, and molecular dynamics methods as a well-reasoned strategy will aid in elucidating the fundamental physicochemical properties and molecular functions of a diversity of compounds, directly accelerating the process of discovering new drugs. In this study, we discovered isomers based on the nitro derivatives of quinoline and quinoline N-oxide, which are biologically active compounds and may be low-cost alternatives for the treatment of infections induced by SARS-CoV-2.

• MeSH
• chinoliny chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 chemie   MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• teorie funkcionálu hustoty MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chinoliny MeSH
• quinoline MeSH Prohlížeč

During the time of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been crucial to search for novel antiviral drugs from plants and well as other natural sources as alternatives for prophylaxis. This work reviews the antiviral potential of plant extracts, and the results of previous research for the treatment and prophylaxis of coronavirus disease and previous kinds of representative coronaviruses group. Detailed descriptions of medicinal herbs and crops based on their origin native area, plant parts used, and their antiviral potentials have been conducted. The possible role of plant-derived natural antiviral compounds for the development of plant-based drugs against coronavirus has been described. To identify useful scientific trends, VOSviewer visualization of presented scientific data analysis was used.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, biological active compounds, coronaviruses group, plant chemo-diversity,
• MeSH
• alkaloidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• antivirové látky chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• COVID-19 prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• terpeny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• vizualizace dat MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alkaloidy MeSH
• antivirové látky MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• terpeny MeSH

In December 2019, China reported the first cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has developed into a pandemic. To date, it has resulted in ~9 million confirmed cases and caused almost 500 000 related deaths worldwide. Unequivocally, the COVID-19 pandemic is the gravest health and socioeconomic crisis of our time. In this context, numerous questions have emerged in demand of basic scientific information and evidence-based medical advice on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Although the majority of the patients show a very mild, self-limiting viral respiratory disease, many clinical manifestations in severe patients are unique to COVID-19, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia, a "cytokine storm" leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelitis, thromboembolic complications, and multiorgan failure. The epidemiologic features of COVID-19 are distinctive and have changed throughout the pandemic. Vaccine and drug development studies and clinical trials are rapidly growing at an unprecedented speed. However, basic and clinical research on COVID-19-related topics should be based on more coordinated high-quality studies. This paper answers pressing questions, formulated by young clinicians and scientists, on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and allergy, focusing on the following topics: virology, immunology, diagnosis, management of patients with allergic disease and asthma, treatment, clinical trials, drug discovery, vaccine development, and epidemiology. A total of 150 questions were answered by experts in the field providing a comprehensive and practical overview of COVID-19 and allergic disease.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, allergy, coronavirus disease 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2,
• MeSH
• alergie komplikace   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• Betacoronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• koronavirové infekce komplikace   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• virová pneumonie komplikace   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite the plethora of publications discussing the severe respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), evidence of viral secretion in urine is sparse. RECENT FINDINGS: We could identify 34 publications including a total of 2172 patients. Among those, 549 patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 secretion in urine, which was detected in only 38 patients (6.9%). Within the seven studies displaying positive results, the majority of positive patients (86.8%) was from not yet peer-reviewed studies including weak data and heterogeneous techniques for sample testing. Furthermore, none of the studies available in the literature addressed the virulence of detected viral RNA in urine. SUMMARY: Overall, only seven studies were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 secretion in urine, all of them with a considerably low rate of positivity. However, these studies were of rather low quality considering their methodology. Despite this, as SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in urine, it is of importance to discuss safety and urinary hygiene protocols. Until further research provides valid data on viral shedding and virulence in urine, potential risk of transmission through urine cannot be ruled out. Therefore, safety and hygiene measures need to be discussed.

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• koronavirové infekce moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• virová pneumonie moč   MeSH
• vylučování virů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH