Most cited article - PubMed ID 34071559
Berberine in Human Oncogenic Herpesvirus Infections and Their Linked Cancers
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are cancer-causing viruses that belong to human gamma-herpesviruses. They are DNA viruses known to establish lifelong infections in humans, with the ability to develop various types of cancer. Drug resistance remains the main barrier to achieving effective therapies for viral infections and cancer. Thus, new medications with dual antiviral and anticancer actions are highly needed. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites biosynthesized by plants with diverse therapeutic effects on human health. In this review, we feature the potential role of flavonoids (flavones, protoflavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, catechins, chalcones, anthocyanins, and other flavonoid-type compounds) in controlling gamma-herpesvirus-associated cancers by blocking EBV and KSHV infections and inhibiting the formation and growth of the correlated tumors, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, gastric cancer, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and primary effusion lymphoma. The underlying mechanisms via targeting EBV and KSHV life cycles and carcinogenesis are highlighted. Moreover, the effective concentrations or doses are emphasized.
- Keywords
- Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), anticancer properties, antiviral activities, cancer treatment, carcinogenesis, flavonoids, herpesviruses, molecular mechanisms, tumor viruses,
- MeSH
- Anthocyanins MeSH
- Flavonoids pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Herpesviridae * MeSH
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections * drug therapy MeSH
- Sarcoma, Kaposi * pathology MeSH
- Carcinogenesis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 8, Human * genetics MeSH
- Neoplasms * drug therapy MeSH
- Herpesvirus 4, Human genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Anthocyanins MeSH
- Flavonoids MeSH
Herpesviruses are one of the most contagious DNA viruses that threaten human health, causing severe diseases, including, but not limited to, certain types of cancer and neurological complications. The overuse and misuse of anti-herpesvirus drugs are key factors leading to drug resistance. Therefore, targeting human herpesviruses with natural products is an attractive form of therapy, as it might improve treatment efficacy in therapy-resistant herpesviruses. Plant polyphenols are major players in the health arena as they possess diverse bioactivities. Hence, in this article, we comprehensively summarize the recent advances that have been attained in employing plant non-flavonoid polyphenols, such as phenolic acids, tannins and their derivatives, stilbenes and their derivatives, lignans, neolignans, xanthones, anthraquinones and their derivatives, curcuminoids, coumarins, furanocoumarins, and other polyphenols (phloroglucinol) as promising anti-herpesvirus drugs against various types of herpesvirus such as alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus), beta-herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus), and gamma-herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). The molecular mechanisms of non-flavonoid polyphenols against the reviewed herpesviruses are also documented.
- Keywords
- Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), HSV-1, HSV-2, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), antiviral activity, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), natural products, non-flavonoid polyphenols, polyphenols, varicella-zoster virus (VZV),
- MeSH
- Antiviral Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Herpesviridae Infections * drug therapy MeSH
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections * drug therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polyphenols pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Herpesvirus 4, Human MeSH
- Herpesvirus 3, Human MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Antiviral Agents MeSH
- Polyphenols MeSH
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) are large DNA viruses with highly infectious characteristics. HHVs can induce lytic and latent infections in their host, and most of these viruses are neurotropic, with the capacity to generate severe and chronic neurological diseases of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). Treatment of HHV infections based on strategies that include natural products-derived drugs is one of the most rapidly developing fields of modern medicine. Therefore, in this paper, we lend insights into the recent advances that have been achieved during the past five years in utilizing flavonoids as promising natural drugs for the treatment of HHVs infections of the nervous system such as alpha-herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, and varicella-zoster virus), beta-herpesviruses (human cytomegalovirus), and gamma-herpesviruses (Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). The neurological complications associated with infections induced by the reviewed herpesviruses are emphasized. Additionally, this work covers all possible mechanisms and pathways by which flavonoids induce promising therapeutic actions against the above-mentioned herpesviruses.
- Keywords
- Epstein–Barr virus, HSV-1, HSV-2, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, flavonoids, herpes simplex virus, human cytomegalovirus, mechanisms of action, nervous system, neurological diseases, varicella-zoster virus,
- MeSH
- Central Nervous System MeSH
- Flavonoids pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Herpesviridae Infections * drug therapy MeSH
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Herpesvirus 1, Human * genetics MeSH
- Herpesvirus 4, Human genetics MeSH
- Herpesvirus 3, Human genetics MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Flavonoids MeSH
Infection with certain types of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, known as tumor viruses or oncogenic viruses, can lead to cancer [...].
The risks related to the COVID-19 are multi-faceted including but by far not restricted to the following: direct health risks by poorly understood effects of COVID-19 infection, overloaded capacities of healthcare units, restricted and slowed down care of patients with non-communicable disorders such as cancer, neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies, among others; social risks-restricted and broken social contacts, isolation, professional disruption, explosion of aggression in the society, violence in the familial environment; mental risks-loneliness, helplessness, defenceless, depressions; and economic risks-slowed down industrial productivity, broken delivery chains, unemployment, bankrupted SMEs, inflation, decreased capacity of the state to perform socially important programs and to support socio-economically weak subgroups in the population. Directly or indirectly, the above listed risks will get reflected in a healthcare occupation and workload which is a tremendous long-term challenge for the healthcare capacity and robustness. The article does not pretend to provide solutions for all kind of health risks. However, it aims to present the scientific evidence of great clinical utility for primary, secondary, and tertiary care to protect affected individuals in a cost-effective manner. To this end, due to pronounced antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, naturally occurring plant substances are capable to protect affected individuals against COVID-19-associated life-threatening complications such as lung damage. Furthermore, they can be highly effective, if being applied to secondary and tertiary care of noncommunicable diseases under pandemic condition. Thus, the stratification of patients evaluating specific health conditions such as sleep quality, periodontitis, smoking, chronic inflammation and diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity, vascular dysfunction, and cancers would enable effective managemenet of COVID-19-associated complications in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM).
- Keywords
- ARDS, Anti-inflammation, Antibacterial, Antiviral, COVID-19, Cancer, Chronic diseases, Coumarins, Cytokine storm, Disease management, Flavonoids, Health economy, Health policy, Immunity, Inflammation, Lung damage, Phenolic acids, Phenolic compounds, Phytochemicals, Predictive preventive personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM), Risk assessment, Signaling pathways, Stilbenoids, Therapy efficacy,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
