The review covering the development of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection from 2020 to 2024 is the latest in a series going back to 2004. The article considers applications employing conventional capillaries and planar lab-on-chip devices as well as fundamental and technical developments of the detector and complete electrophoresis instrumentation.

• Klíčová slova
• capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, capillary electrophoresis, microchip electrophoresis, review,
• MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• laboratoř na čipu MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The analysis of dietary supplements is far less regulated than pharmaceuticals, leading to potential quality issues. Considering their positive effect, many athletes consume supplements containing L-histidine and β-alanine. A new microfluidic method for the determination of L-histidine and β-alanine in dietary supplement formulations has been developed. For the first time, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was employed for the microchip electrophoresis of amino acids in real samples. A linear relationship between detector response and concentration was observed in the range of 10-100 µmol L-1 for L-histidine (R2 = 0.9968) and β-alanine (R2 = 0.9954), while achieved limits of detection (3 × S/N ratio) were 4.2 µmol L-1 and 5.2 µmol L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed using recovery experiments as well as CE-UV-VIS and HPLC-UV-VIS techniques. The developed method allows unambiguous identification of amino acids in native form without chemical derivatization and with the possibility of simultaneous analysis of amino acids with metal cations.

• Klíčová slova
• l-Histidine, Amino acids, Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, Dietary supplements, Microchip electrophoresis, β-Alanine,
• MeSH
• beta-alanin * analýza   chemie   MeSH
• elektrická vodivost * MeSH
• elektroforéza mikročipová * metody   MeSH
• histidin * analýza   chemie   MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• potravní doplňky * analýza   MeSH
• sklo chemie   MeSH
• technologie zelené chemie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-alanin * MeSH
• histidin * MeSH

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this substudy (Eudra CT No:2019-001997-27)was to assess ATB availability in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers(IDFUs)in the context of microcirculation and macrocirculation status. METHODS: For this substudy, we enrolled 23 patients with IDFU. Patients were treated with boluses of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(AMC)(12patients) or ceftazidime(CTZ)(11patients). After induction of a steady ATB state, microdialysis was performed near the IDFU. Tissue fluid samples from the foot and blood samples from peripheral blood were taken within 6 hours. ATB potential efficacy was assessed by evaluating the maximum serum and tissue ATB concentrations(Cmax and Cmax-tissue)and the percentage of time the unbound drug tissue concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)(≥100% tissue and ≥50%/60% tissue fT>MIC). Vascular status was assessed by triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial and toe-brachial index tests, occlusive plethysmography comprising two arterial flow phases, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure(TcPO2). RESULTS: Following bolus administration, the Cmax of AMC was 91.8 ± 52.5 μgmL-1 and the Cmax-tissue of AMC was 7.25 ± 4.5 μgmL-1(P<0.001). The Cmax for CTZ was 186.8 ± 44.1 μgmL-1 and the Cmax-tissue of CTZ was 18.6 ± 7.4 μgmL-1(P<0.0001). Additionally, 67% of patients treated with AMC and 55% of those treated with CTZ achieved tissue fT>MIC levels exceeding 50% and 60%, respectively. We observed positive correlations between both Cmax-tissue and AUCtissue and arterial flow. Specifically, the correlation coefficient for the first phase was r=0.42; (P=0.045), and for the second phase, it was r=0.55(P=0.01)and r=0.5(P=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Bactericidal activity proved satisfactory in only half to two-thirds of patients with IDFUs, an outcome that appears to correlate primarily with arterial flow.

• Klíčová slova
• antibiotic, diabetic foot, infection, microdialysis, peripheral arterial disease,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diabetická noha * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrocirkulace * účinky léků   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Diabetic foot is a serious late complication frequently caused by infection and ischaemia. Both require prompt and aggressive treatment to avoid lower limb amputation. The effectiveness of peripheral arterial disease therapy can be easily verified using triplex ultrasound, ankle-brachial/toe-brachial index examination, or transcutaneous oxygen pressure. However, the success of infection treatment is difficult to establish in patients with diabetic foot. Intravenous systemic antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infectious complications in patients with moderate or serious stages of infection. Antibiotic therapy should be initiated promptly and aggressively to achieve sufficient serum and peripheral antibiotic concentrations. Antibiotic serum levels are easily evaluated by pharmacokinetic assessment. However, antibiotic concentrations in peripheral tissues, especially in diabetic foot, are not routinely detectable. This review describes microdialysis techniques that have shown promise in determining antibiotic levels in the surroundings of diabetic foot lesions.

• Klíčová slova
• antibiotic (ATB), capillary electrophoresis (CE), diabetic foot (DF), diabetic foot infection (DFI), microdialysis (MD),
• MeSH
• amputace MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• diabetická noha * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dolní končetina patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrodialýza škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH