The reorientation of Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, from therapeutic to ornamental use, exemplifies a broader domestication trend, favoring aesthetics over medicinal properties. Renewed phytomedicinal interest and the rise of plant extract markets drive demand for organic, sustainable consumer products, heightening the competition for superior cultivars. Synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin was conducted to obtain high-quality cultivars of C. fragrans, facilitating enhanced phenotypic and biological traits without genetic modification. This study aimed to explore the metabolic spectrum and biological activities of oryzalin-induced polyploid C. fragrans for its advanced medicinal application. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the ploidy level of the plants. Consequently, GC-FID and 1H NMR analyses revealed distinct metabolite profiles, with increased ethyl stearate, malic acid, gallic acid, fumaric acid, and unique compounds like (Z)-11-eicosenoic acid and dodecan-1-ol in polyploids. Polyploid extracts demonstrated exceptional antioxidant capacity, with DPPH, ORAC, and ABTS assays showing higher radical scavenging and oxygen absorbance abilities than diploid extracts. The polyploid extract showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against skin pathogens, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Callisia extracts, meticulously at a low concentration of 25 µg/mL, showed cytoprotective effects on HT-29 cells, mitigating H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, treatment with polyploid extract was associated with the downregulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, suggesting a potentially greater anti-inflammatory effect compared to the diploid extract. These findings depict enhanced metabolite accumulation and biological activities in polyploid compared than diploid progenitor, highlighting the potential of the novel polyploid C. fragrans variety for future therapeutic applications, particularly in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

• Klíčová slova
• Anti-inflammatory activity, Antioxidant activity, GC-FID, NMR, Polyploidization, Skin infection,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyploidie * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 1 MeSH
• cyklooxygenasa 2 MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Celosia argentea is a widely recognized plant for its ornamental qualities and therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. As demand for such multipurpose plants grows, enhancing its phenotypic and physiological traits could further expand its commercial potential. Polyploidization, particularly through chemical treatments like oryzalin, offers a method to induce genetic variation and potentially improve desirable traits in plants. RESULTS: Tetraploid (2n = 4×= 36) nodal segments of C. argentea were treated with oryzalin under in vitro conditions, resulting in successful induction of octoploidy (2n = 8×= 72). Flow cytometry and chromosome counting confirmed polyploidization, with the highest induction rate achieved using 40 µM oryzalin for 24 h. Comparative analyses between octoploid and tetraploid plants revealed significant differences in morphological traits, including increased stem and leaf thickness, larger leaf area, inflorescence characteristics and more compact growth in the octoploids. Additionally, octoploids exhibited enhanced chlorophyll content and altered photosynthetic characteristics, along with notable changes in stomatal size and density. Ploidy stability was maintained across generations, ensuring the heritability of the induced traits. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro polyploidization in C. argentea led to significant phenotypic and physiological improvements, demonstrating its potential for application in ornamental horticulture and plant breeding. This research contributes to the understanding of the impact of in vitro polyploidization on plant development, offering insights for the commercial cultivation and enhancement of C. argentea. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

• Klíčová slova
• Chromosome doubling, Cockscomb, Crop improvement, Offspring stability, Oryzalin, Polyploid induction, Polyploidization,
• MeSH
• Celosia * genetika   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• dinitrobenzeny farmakologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fotosyntéza * MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• polyploidie * MeSH
• sulfanilamidy MeSH
• tetraploidie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• dinitrobenzeny MeSH
• oryzalin MeSH Prohlížeč
• sulfanilamidy MeSH

Salt stress poses a significant challenge to global agriculture, adversely affecting crop yield and food production. The current study investigates the potential of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) in mitigating salt stress in common beans. Salt-stressed bean plants were treated with varying concentrations of NPs (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L) using three different application methods: foliar application, nano priming, and soil application. Results indicated a pronounced impact of salinity stress on bean plants, evidenced by a reduction in fresh weight (24%), relative water content (27%), plant height (33%), chlorophyll content (37%), increased proline (over 100%), sodium accumulation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Application of ZnO NPs reduced salt stress by promoting physiological growth parameters. The NPs facilitated enhanced plant growth and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by regulating plant nutrient homeostasis and chlorophyll fluorescence activity. All the tested application methods effectively mitigate salt stress, with nano-priming emerging as the most effective approach, yielding results comparable to control plants for the tested parameters. This study provides the first evidence that ZnO NPs can effectively mitigate salt stress in bean plants, highlighting their potential to address salinity-induced growth inhibition in crops.

• Klíčová slova
• ZnO nanoparticles, beans, foliar spray, nano priming, salinity stress, soil application,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH