Salinity stress can significantly delay plant growth. It can disrupt water and nutrient uptake, reducing crop yields and poor plant health. The use of strigolactone can be an effective technique to overcome this issue. Strigolactone enhances plant growth by promoting root development and improvement in physiological attributes. The current pot study used strigolactone to amend chili under no salinity and salinity stress environments. There were four treatments, i.e., 0, 10µM strigolactone, 20µM strigolactone and 30µM strigolactone. All treatments were applied in four replications following a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that 20µM strigolactone caused a significant increase in chili plant height (21.07%), dry weight (33.60%), fruit length (19.24%), fruit girth (35.37%), and fruit yield (60.74%) compared to control under salinity stress. Significant enhancement in chili chlorophyll a (18.65%), chlorophyll b (43.52%), and total chlorophyll (25.09%) under salinity stress validated the effectiveness of 20µM strigolactone application as treatment over control. Furthermore, improvement in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentration in leaves confirmed the efficient functioning of 20µM strigolactone compared to other concentrations under salinity stress. The study concluded that 20µM strigolactone is recommended for mitigating salinity stress in chili plants. Growers are advised to apply 20µM strigolactone to enhance their chili production under salinity stress.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Chili chlorophyll content, Salinity stress, Strigolactone,
• MeSH
• Capsicum * MeSH
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• heterocyklické sloučeniny tricyklické * MeSH
• kafr MeSH
• laktony MeSH
• menthol MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl a MeSH
• GR24 strigolactone MeSH Prohlížeč
• heterocyklické sloučeniny tricyklické * MeSH
• kafr MeSH
• laktony MeSH
• menthol MeSH

Salinity stress ranks among the most prevalent stress globally, contributing to soil deterioration. Its negative impacts on crop productivity stem from mechanisms such as osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress, all of which impede plant growth and yield. The effect of cobalt with proline on mitigating salinity impact in radish plants is still unclear. That's why the current study was conducted with aim to explore the impact of different levels of Co and proline on radish cultivated in salt affected soils. There were four levels of cobalt, i.e., (0, 10, 15 and 20 mg/L) applied as CoSO4 and two levels of proline (0 and 0.25 mM), which were applied as foliar. The treatments were applied in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that 20 CoSO4 with proline showed improvement in shoot length (∼ 20%), root length (∼ 23%), plant dry weight (∼ 19%), and plant fresh weight (∼ 41%) compared to control. The significant increase in chlorophyll, physiological and biochemical attributes of radish plants compared to the control confirms the efficacy of 20 CoSO4 in conjunction with 10 mg/L proline for mitigating salinity stress. In conclusion, application of cobalt with proline can help to alleviate salinity stress in radish plants. However, multiple location experiments with various levels of cobalt and proline still needs in-depth investigations to validate the current findings.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant enzymes, Cobalt sulfate, Proline, Radish, Salinity stress,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• kobalt farmakologie   MeSH
• prolin MeSH
• Raphanus * MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• kobalt MeSH
• prolin MeSH

Wild rice species provide a rich source of genetic diversity for possible introgression of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated rice. We investigated the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in Oryza species by using six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) and four wild rice species. Three weeks of salinity treatment significantly (P <0.05) reduced physiological and growth indices of all cultivated and wild rice lines. However, the impact of salinity-induced growth reduction differed substantially among accessions. Salt tolerant accessions showed better control over gas exchange properties, exhibited higher tissue tolerance, and retained higher potassium ion content despite higher sodium ion accumulation in leaves. Wild rice species showed relatively lower and steadier xylem sap sodium ion content over the period of 3weeks analysed, suggesting better control over ionic sodium xylem loading and its delivery to shoots with efficient vacuolar sodium ion sequestration. Contrary to this, saline sensitive genotypes managed to avoid initial Na+ loading but failed to accomplish this in the long term and showed higher sap sodium ion content. Conclusively, our results suggest that wild rice genotypes have more efficient control over xylem sodium ion loading, rely on tissue tolerance mechanisms and allow for a rapid osmotic adjustment by using sodium ions as cheap osmoticum for osmoregulation.

• MeSH
• rýže (rod) * genetika   MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• tolerance k soli genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sodík MeSH

Soil contamination with readily soluble salts and heavy metals is a major challenge concerning sustainable crop production. The use of organic wastes in agriculture not only helps in waste reduction but also acts as a soil conditioner and bio-stimulant for enhancing crop growth. In this regard, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of raw and processed animal manure (AM) on the growth, yield, and physicochemical parameters of Brassica napus L. developed under salinity and Ni stress. The experiment comprised two salinity levels (1.05 and 8 dS m-1), two Ni levels (0 and 50 mg kg-1), and two types of AMs (raw and processed at a rate of 2% w/w). A control treatment without AM incorporation was also included. In results, the application of AM markedly increased the growth and yield of B. napus under Ni and salinity stress; at the same time, it improved the physiological and chemical parameters of the said crop. Similarly, incorporation of processed AM significantly improved nutrient uptake and decreased Na/K ratios in the shoot and grain under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. Likewise, Ni uptake in the grain, shoot, and root samples was also significantly reduced under the AM treatment. Also, the application of AM significantly reduced the daily intake of metal (DIM) index and the health risk index (HRI) values under the different stress conditions, as compared to the control. In conclusion, the application of processed AM constitutes an effective agricultural strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of Ni and salinity stress on growth, physiology, and yield of B. napus, thus resulting in enhanced productivity, as well as reduced risks associated with human health.

• Klíčová slova
• Animal manure, Brassica, Health risk assessment, Heavy metal, Ni stress, Salinity stress,
• MeSH
• Brassica napus * MeSH
• hnůj MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nikl MeSH
• půda MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hnůj MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu * MeSH
• nikl MeSH
• půda MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH

Salinity stress adversely affects plant growth by disrupting water uptake, inducing ion toxicity, initiating osmotic stress, impairing growth, leaf scorching, and reducing crop yield. To mitigate this issue, the application of kaempferol (KP), caffeic acid (CA), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) emerges as a promising technology. Kaempferol, a flavonoid, protects plants from oxidative stress, while caffeic acid, a plant-derived compound, promotes growth by regulating physiological processes. PGPR enhances plant health and productivity through growth promotion, nutrient uptake, and stress mitigation, providing a sustainable solution. However, combining these compounds against drought requires further scientific justification. That's why the current study was conducted using 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 20 µM KP, 30 μM CA, and 20 µM KP + 30 μM CA without and with PGPR (Bacillus altitudinis). There were 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results showed that 20 µM KP + 30 μM CA with PGPR caused significant enhancement in potato stem length (14.32%), shoot root, and leaf dry weight (16.52%, 11.04%, 67.23%), than the control. The enrichment in potato chlorophyll a, b, and total (31.86%, 46.05%, and 35.52%) was observed over the control, validating the potential of 20 µM KP + 30 μM CA + PGPR. Enhancement in shoot N, P, K, and Ca concentration validated the effective functioning of 20 µM KP + 30 μM CA with PGPR evaluated to control. In conclusion, 20 µM KP + 30 μM CA with PGPR is the recommended amendment to alleviate salinity stress in potatoes.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Caffeic acid, Flavonoid, Growth attributes, Salinity stress,
• MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• kempferoly * MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• kyseliny kávové * MeSH
• listy rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• solný stres * účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• caffeic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• chlorofyl MeSH
• kaempferol MeSH Prohlížeč
• kempferoly * MeSH
• kyseliny kávové * MeSH

Salinity stress significantly hinders plant growth by disrupting osmotic balance and inhibiting nutrient uptake, leading to reduced biomass and stunted development. Using saponin (SAP) and boron (B) can effectively overcome this issue. Boron decreases salinity stress by stabilizing cell walls and membranes, regulating ion balance, activating antioxidant enzymes, and enhancing water uptake. SAP are bioactive compounds that have the potential to alleviate salinity stress by improving nutrient uptake, modulating plant hormone levels, promoting root growth, and stimulating antioxidant activity. That's why the current study was planned to use a combination of SAP and boron as amendments to mitigate salinity stress in sweet potatoes. Four levels of SAP (0%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.20%) and B (control, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L B) were applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results illustrated that 0.15% SAP with 20 mg/L B caused significant enhancement in sweet potato vine length (13.12%), vine weight (12.86%), root weight (8.31%), over control under salinity stress. A significant improvement in sweet potato chlorophyll a (9.84%), chlorophyll b (20.20%), total chlorophyll (13.94%), photosynthetic rate (17.69%), transpiration rate (16.03%), and stomatal conductance (17.59%) contrast to control under salinity stress prove the effectiveness of 0.15% SAP + 20 mg/L B treatment. In conclusion, 0.15% SAP + 20 mg/L B is recommended to mitigate salinity stress in sweet potatoes.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant activity, Boron, Chlorophyll content, Photosynthetic rate, Saponin, Sweet potato,
• MeSH
• bor * farmakologie   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky léků   MeSH
• Ipomoea batatas * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• saponiny * farmakologie   MeSH
• solný stres * účinky léků   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bor * MeSH
• chlorofyl MeSH
• saponiny * MeSH

Salinity stress limits plant growth and has a major impact on agricultural productivity. Here, we identify NAC transcription factor SlTAF1 as a regulator of salt tolerance in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). While overexpression of SlTAF1 improves salinity tolerance compared with wild-type, lowering SlTAF1 expression causes stronger salinity-induced damage. Under salt stress, shoots of SlTAF1 knockdown plants accumulate more toxic Na+ ions, while SlTAF1 overexpressors accumulate less ions, in accordance with an altered expression of the Na+ transporter genes SlHKT1;1 and SlHKT1;2. Furthermore, stomatal conductance and pore area are increased in SlTAF1 knockdown plants during salinity stress, but decreased in SlTAF1 overexpressors. We identified stress-related transcription factor, abscisic acid metabolism and defence-related genes as potential direct targets of SlTAF1, correlating it with reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity and changes in hormonal response. Salinity-induced changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids are more pronounced in SlTAF1 knockdown than wild-type plants, but less so in SlTAF1 overexpressors. The osmoprotectant proline accumulates more in SlTAF1 overexpressors than knockdown plants. In summary, SlTAF1 controls the tomato's response to salinity stress by combating both osmotic stress and ion toxicity, highlighting this gene as a promising candidate for the future breeding of stress-tolerant crops.

• Klíčová slova
• NAC, SlTAF1, abscisic acid (ABA), ion homeostasis, proline, salt stress, transcription factors,
• MeSH
• chlorid sodný toxicita   MeSH
• draslík MeSH
• genový knockdown MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• iontový transport genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• Solanum lycopersicum genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• solný stres genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• výhonky rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• draslík MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH
• sodík MeSH

High soil salinity is a global problem in agriculture that directly affects seed germination and the development of the seedlings sown deep in the soil. To study how salinity affected plastid ultrastructure, leaf segments of 11-day-old light- and dark-grown (etiolated) wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Mv Béres) seedlings were floated on Hoagland solution, 600 mM KCl:NaCl (1:1) salt or isosmotic polyethylene glycol solution for 4 h in the dark. Light-grown seedlings were also treated in the light. The same treatments were also performed on etio-chloroplasts of etiolated seedlings greened for different time periods. Salt stress induced slight to strong changes in the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, and organization of thylakoid complexes. Measurements of malondialdehyde contents and high-temperature thermoluminescence indicated significantly increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation under salt treatment, except for light-grown leaves treated in the dark. In chloroplasts of leaf segments treated in the light, slight shrinkage of grana (determined by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering) was observed, while a swelling of the (pro)thylakoid lumen was observed in etioplasts. Salt-induced swelling disappeared after the onset of photosynthesis after 4 h of greening. Osmotic stress caused no significant alterations in plastid structure and only mild changes in their activities, indicating that the swelling of the (pro)thylakoid lumen and the physiological effects of salinity are rather associated with the ionic component of salt stress. Our data indicate that etioplasts of dark-germinated wheat seedlings are the most sensitive to salt stress, especially at the early stages of their greening.

• MeSH
• chlorofyl MeSH
• chloroplasty * MeSH
• pšenice * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• semenáček MeSH
• solný stres MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• půda MeSH

Salinity stress significantly impacts crops, disrupting their water balance and nutrient uptake, reducing growth, yield, and overall plant health. High salinity in soil can adversely affect plants by disrupting their water balance. Excessive salt levels can lead to dehydration, hinder nutrient absorption, and damage plant cells, ultimately impairing growth and reducing crop yields. Gallic acid (GA) and zinc ferrite (ZnFNP) can effectively overcome this problem. GA can promote root growth, boost photosynthesis, and help plants absorb nutrients efficiently. However, their combined application as an amendment against drought still needs scientific justification. Zinc ferrite nanoparticles possess many beneficial properties for soil remediation and medical applications. That's why the current study used a combination of GA and ZnFNP as amendments to wheat. There were 4 treatments, i.e., 0, 10 µM GA, 15 μM GA, and 20 µM GA, without and with 5 μM ZnFNP applied in 4 replications following a completely randomized design. Results exhibited that 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP caused significant improvement in wheat shoot length (28.62%), shoot fresh weight (16.52%), shoot dry weight (11.38%), root length (3.64%), root fresh weight (14.72%), and root dry weight (9.71%) in contrast to the control. Significant enrichment in wheat chlorophyll a (19.76%), chlorophyll b (25.16%), total chlorophyll (21.35%), photosynthetic rate (12.72%), transpiration rate (10.09%), and stomatal conductance (15.25%) over the control validate the potential of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP. Furthermore, improvement in N, P, and K concentration in grain and shoot verified the effective functioning of 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP compared to control. In conclusion, 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP can potentially improve the growth, chlorophyll contents and gas exchange attributes of wheat cultivated in salinity stress. More investigations are suggested to declare 20 µM GA + 5 μM ZnFNP as the best amendment for alleviating salinity stress in different cereal crops.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant, Chlorophyll content, Gallic acid, Growth attributes, Zinc ferrite nanoparticles,
• MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky léků   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina gallová * metabolismus   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• pšenice * růst a vývoj   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• salinita MeSH
• solný stres * MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH
• zinek metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorofyl MeSH
• ferrite MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina gallová * MeSH
• půda MeSH
• železité sloučeniny * MeSH
• zinek MeSH

The review is focused on plant proteome response to salinity with respect to physiological aspects of plant salt stress response. The attention is paid to both osmotic and ionic effects of salinity stress on plants with respect to several protein functional groups. Therefore, the role of individual proteins involved in signalling, changes in gene expression, protein biosynthesis and degradation and the resulting changes in protein relative abundance in proteins involved in energy metabolism, redox metabolism, stress- and defence-related proteins, osmolyte metabolism, phytohormone, lipid and secondary metabolism, mechanical stress-related proteins as well as protein posttranslational modifications are discussed. Differences between salt-sensitive (glycophytes) and salt-tolerant (halophytes) plants are analysed with respect to differential salinity tolerance. In conclusion, contribution of proteomic studies to understanding plant salinity tolerance is summarised and discussed.

• MeSH
• fyziologický stres genetika   MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• salinita * MeSH
• tolerance k soli * genetika   MeSH
• transkriptom genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH