The colonization, translocation and protective effect of two intestinal bacteria - PR4 (pig commensal strain of Bifidobacterium choerinum) or EcN (probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917) - against subsequent infection with a virulent LT2 strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were studied in gnotobiotic pigs after oral association. The clinical state of experimental animals correlated with bacterial translocation and levels of inflammatory cytokines [a chemokine, interleukin (IL)-8, a proinflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10] in plasma and intestinal lavages. Gnotobiotic pigs orally mono-associated with either PR4 or EcN thrived, and bacteria were not found in their blood. No significant inflammatory cytokine response was observed. Mono-association with Salmonella caused devastating septicaemia characterized by high levels of IL-10 and TNF-α in plasma and TNF-α in the intestine. Di-associated gnotobiotic pigs were given PR4 or EcN for 24 h. Subsequently, they were infected orally with Salmonella and euthanized 24 h later. Pigs associated with bifidobacteria before Salmonella infection suffered from severe systemic infection and mounted similar cytokine responses as pigs infected with Salmonella alone. In contrast, EcN interfered with translocation of Salmonella into mesenteric lymph nodes and systemic circulation. Pigs pre-associated with EcN thrived and their clinical condition correlated with the absence of IL-10 in their plasma and a decrease of TNF-α in plasma and ileum.

• MeSH
• antibióza * MeSH
• Bifidobacterium imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny analýza   krev   MeSH
• Escherichia coli imunologie   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• ileum imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kolon imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• probiotika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium imunologie   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• střeva imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH

One-week-old breast-fed miniature piglets were orally infected either with virulent LT2 strain or with a non-virulent SF1591 rough mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium for 1 d. Both microorganisms were cultivated from mesenteric lymph nodes but not from the blood of infected piglets. Interleukins (IL) 1 beta, 8, 18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were quantified by ELISA in plasma and washes of a terminal part of the small bowel. In plasma, cytokines were mostly missing in non-infected piglets and either missing or low in infected piglets. In the gut of non-infected piglets, IL-1 beta, IL-8 and IL-18 were detected whereas TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were mostly missing. IFN-gamma levels highly increased (p < 0.05) after infection with nonvirulent salmonellae. The variability of cytokine levels in the gut of suckling piglets is discussed.

• MeSH
• cytokiny krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie veterinární   MeSH
• ELISA veterinární   MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• ileum imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH

The germ-free pig model is shown to be useful for studying salmonellosis. The immune status of germ-free and infected gnotobiotic piglets is described. The regulatory role of cytokine is discussed and compared with our experimental findings.

• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty mikrobiologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M krev   MeSH
• interferon gama krev   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• organismy bez specifických patogenů MeSH
• prasata * MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• Salmonella typhimurium imunologie   MeSH
• salmonelová infekce u zvířat imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• imunoglobulin M MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH