OBJECTIVE: To receive information about carbamazepine and its active metabolite 10,11-epoxide transport into mature milk and suckling infants. METHODS: In this cohort study, maternal serum, mature milk, and infant serum carbamazepine and epoxide levels were measured between the 6th and 29th postnatal day (carbamazepine in 1990-2017, epoxide in 1997-2017). Paired maternal serum, infant serum and milk levels were used for the assessment of ratios of this levels. The influence of combined treatment with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs and valproic acid was assessed. Relationship between maternal serum, infant serum, and milk levels was also evaluated. RESULTS: Maternal carbamazepine levels were 1.4-10.4 mg/L, milk 0.5-6.7 mg/L and infant 0.5-2.6 mg/L. Maternal 10,11-epoxide levels were 0.3-5.4 mg/L, milk 0.3-3.7 mg/L and infant 0.3-0.6 mg/L. Highly significant correlations were observed exclusively between milk and maternal serum levels of both carbamazepine and 10,11-epoxide. Concomitant administration of enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs significantly increased the maternal apparent oral clearance of carbamazepine by approximately 130%. Carbamazepine combined with valproic acid significantly increased epoxide levels in milk and maternal serum but not in breastfed infants. CONCLUSIONS: In breastfed infants, carbamazepine levels did not reach the lower limit of the therapeutic range used for the general epileptic population, and the majority of epoxide levels were less than the lower limit of quantification. Routine monitoring of carbamazepine in these infants is not compulsory. However, observation of breastfed infants is desirable. If signs of potential adverse reactions are evident, infant serum concentrations should be monitor.

• Klíčová slova
• Breastfeeding, Carbamazepine, Epoxide, Therapeutic drug monitoring,
• MeSH
• antikonvulziva metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• enzymová indukce účinky léků   MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• karbamazepin metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• kyselina valproová farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• monitorování léčiv MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• epoxidové sloučeniny MeSH
• karbamazepin MeSH
• kyselina valproová MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Infantile spasm syndrome (ISS) is an epileptic encephalopathy without established treatment after the failure to standard of care based on steroids and vigabatrin. Converging lines of evidence indicating a role of NR2B subunits of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor on the onset of spams in ISS patients, prompted us to test radiprodil, a negative allosteric NR2B modulator in preclinical seizure models and in infants with ISS. METHODS: Radiprodil has been tested in three models, including pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in rats across different postnatal (PN) ages. Three infants with ISS have been included in a phase 1b escalating repeated dose study. RESULTS: Radiprodil showed the largest protective seizure effects in juvenile rats (maximum at PN12, corresponding to late infancy in humans). Three infants resistant to a combination of vigabatrin and prednisolone received individually titrated doses of radiprodil for up to 34 days. Radiprodil was safe and well tolerated in all three infants, and showed the expected pharmacokinetic profile. One infant became spasm-free and two showed clinical improvement without reaching spasm-freedom. After radiprodil withdrawal, the one infant continued to be spasm-free, while the two others experienced seizure worsening requiring the use of the ketogenic diet and other antiepileptic drugs. INTERPRETATION: Radiprodil showed prominent anti-seizure effect in juvenile animals, consistent with the prevalent expression of NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor at this age in both rodents and humans. The clinical testing, although preliminary, showed that radiprodil is associated with a good safety and pharmacokinetic profile, and with the potential to control epileptic spasms.

• MeSH
• acetamidy aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• křeče u dětí farmakoterapie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• piperidiny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory N-methyl-D-aspartátu antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• refrakterní epilepsie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze I MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetamidy MeSH
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• NR2B NMDA receptor MeSH Prohlížeč
• piperidiny MeSH
• radiprodil MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptory N-methyl-D-aspartátu MeSH

AIM: Phenobarbital (PB) pharmacokinetics (PK) in asphyxiated newborns show large variability, not only explained by hypothermia (HT). We evaluated potential relevant covariates of PK of PB in newborns treated with or without HT for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: Clearance (CL), distribution volume (Vd) and elimination half-life (t1/2) were calculated using one-compartment analysis. Covariates were clinical characteristics (weight, gestational age, hepatic, renal, and circulatory status), comedication and HIE severity [time to reach normal aEEG pattern (TnormaEEG), dichotomous, within 24 h] and asphyxia severity [severe aspyhxia = pH ≤7.1 + Apgar score ≤5 (5 min), dichotomous]. Student's t-test, two-way ANOVA, correlation and Pearson's chi-square test were used. RESULTS: Forty newborns were included [14 non-HT; 26 HT with TnormaEEG <24 h in 14/26 (group1-HT) and TnormaEEG ≥24 h in 12/26 (group2-HT)]. Severe asphyxia was present in 26/40 [5/14 non-HT, 11/14 and 10/12 in both HT groups]. PB-CL, Vd and t1/2 were similar between the non-HT and HT group. However, within the HT group, PB-CL was significantly different between group1-HT and group2-HT (p = .043). ANOVA showed that HT (p = .034) and severity of asphyxia (p = .038) reduced PB-CL (-50%). CONCLUSION: The interaction of severity of asphyxia and HT is associated with a clinical relevant reduced PB-CL, suggesting the potential relevance of disease characteristics beyond HT itself.

• Klíčová slova
• Newborn, asphyxia, hypothermia, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, phenobarbital,
• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Apgar skóre MeSH
• asfyxie novorozenců komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• fenobarbital aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolická clearance MeSH
• mozková hypoxie a ischemie etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci * MeSH
• terapeutická hypotermie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• fenobarbital MeSH

The aim was to study the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) on paediatric patients on lamotrigine therapy and the evaluation of possible drug interactions, especially in triple antiepileptic drug combinations. During the period of 2001-2015, 1308 pre-dose samples were taken from 430 patients <15 years of age as part of routine TDM. Drug interactions were evaluated using calculation of lamotrigine clearance. Valproic acid decreased lamotrigine clearance by 54% in bitherapy, and by 21% in triple therapy with carbamazepine. Carbamazepine increased lamotrigine clearance by 191% in bitherapy. Levetiracetam and topiramate had no effect. The upper limit of lamotrigine therapeutic range (TR) was exceeded in 2% of cases in monotherapy, and in 6%-7% of cases in bi- or triple therapy. About 61% of plasma levels were found within the TR during 2001-2005, compared to 75% and 74% during 2006-2010 and 2011-2015, respectively. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 22 cases. Higher number of supratherapeutic levels in combination therapy led to a 3-fold increase in incidence of ADRs. Seizures occurred more often daily and monthly during 2001-2005 and in patients with three or four antiepileptic drugs in combination. Carbamazepine only partially compensated for the inhibitory effect of valproic acid. Lamotrigine clearance in monotherapy in children is similar to adults, but in polytherapy was found higher susceptibility to induction. A significantly higher number of supratherapeutic lamotrigine levels were found in combinations with valproate. Despite poor correlation with TR, both seizure frequency and ADRs declined after the implementation of TDM.

• Klíčová slova
• adverse drug reaction, drug-drug interactions, lamotrigine, seizure frequency, therapeutic drug monitoring,
• MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epilepsie krev   diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• karbamazepin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• kyselina valproová aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lamotrigin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• levetiracetam aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolická clearance MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monitorování léčiv * MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• topiramat aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• karbamazepin MeSH
• kyselina valproová MeSH
• lamotrigin MeSH
• levetiracetam MeSH
• topiramat MeSH

Phenobarbital is an anticonvulsive drug widely used in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The objective of our study was to describe possible effect of frequently co-administered medications (dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, furosemide, phenytoin, and analgesics) on the phenobarbital pharmacokinetics in full term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters (standardized intravenous loading dose was 10-20 mg/kg, maintenance dose 2-6 mg/kg/day) were computed using non-compartmental analysis. Co-medication was evaluated throughout the whole treatment period up to 5 days. Volume of distribution, clearance, and half-life median values (95 % CI) for phenobarbital in the whole study population (n=37) were 0.48 (0.41-0.56) l/kg, 0.0034 (0.0028-0.0040) l/h/kg, and 93.7 (88.1-99.2) h, respectively. Phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters were not significantly affected by vasoactive drugs (dopamine, dobutamine, and norepinephrine), furosemide, phenytoin, or analgesics. Furthermore, no dose-dependent alteration of phenobarbital pharmacokinetic parameters was noted for vasoactive medication at doses equivalent to cumulative vasoactive-inotropic score (area under the curve in a plot of vasoactive-inotropic score against time) 143.2-8473.6, furosemide at cumulative doses of 0.2-42.9 mg/kg, or phenytoin at cumulative doses of 10.3-46.2 mg/kg. Phenobarbital pharmacokinetics was not affected by investigated co-administered drugs used in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in real clinical settings.

• MeSH
• analgetika aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• fenobarbital aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lékové interakce fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozková hypoxie a ischemie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• vazokonstriktory aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• analgetika MeSH
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• fenobarbital MeSH
• vazokonstriktory MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The benefits of breastfeeding are generally accepted. Risk of drug usage for baby due to lactation is well assessed minimally in certain cases. However, information given about drugs are often insufficient, frustrating, and not recommending lactation. In Czech Teratology Information Service (CZTIS) counselling we use these information. RESULTS: We have given advice in 58 cases inquiring the CZTIS about the risk of drug exposure during lactation. The most frequent queries were on chronic disease treatment following the drug exposure during pregnancy. Remaining cases were associated with acute infections. Mothers suffered from idiopathic bowel disease and psychiatric patients want to be informed before delivery about possibility to breastfeed their babies. Treatment of epilepsy, another frequent disease, is associated with better level of knowledge of both, neurologists and patients. Breastfeeding is recommended according to management in care of epileptic women. CONCLUSION: In our counselling we consider the factors which are involved in drug transfer in the milk and mechanisms and steps of transfer as well. We follow the classification of drugs during lactation by their effect on infants: absolutely contraindicated, temporary cessation of breastfeeding, drugs of special concern and drugs compatible with breastfeeding.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky lokální škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• antikonvulziva škodlivé účinky   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie komplikace   MeSH
• informační služby o lécích statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kojení škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kyseliny borité škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko chemie   MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• poločas MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky lokální MeSH
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• boric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny borité MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Carbamazepine (CBZ) occasionally causes haematological disorders such as thrombocytopenia, and recently a case of oxcarbazepine (OXCBZ)-induced thrombocytopenia has been described. The aim of our study was blood platelet count determination in epileptic patients treated with CBZ and OXCBZ, and its relationship with the dose and serum levels of these drugs and its metabolites. METHODS: The serum levels of CBZ and its epoxide, and the pharmacologically active monohydroxy derivative of OXCBZ were determined in 137 patients treated with CBZ, and 60 patients treated with OXCBZ. The platelet count, mean platelet volume, and platelet size distribution width were also determined. RESULTS: The difference between the platelet counts of the patient groups treated with CBZ and OXCBZ was not significant. No significant correlations between the platelet count and serum levels of the administered antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites were found. However, significant negative correlations between the platelet count and the daily doses of CBZ and OXCBZ were obtained (p<0.01). In 5 cases (4 treated with CBZ and 1 with OXCBZ) the platelet count was <150 x 10(9)/l. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with the mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width, the thrombocytopenia observed in some of the patients studied was due to a hyper-destruction of peripheral blood platelets. However, the results obtained suggest that the mechanism of CBZ or OXCBZ-induced thrombocytopenia is not due to a direct toxicity of these drugs or their major metabolites on the circulating platelets. Although, the patients treated with OXCBZ shown a lower prevalence for thrombocytopenia (1.7%) than those treated with CBZ (2.9%), the routine platelet count monitoring in patients treated with both drugs may be recommended.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• karbamazepin aplikace a dávkování   analogy a deriváty   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oxkarbazepin MeSH
• počet trombocytů * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• karbamazepin MeSH
• oxkarbazepin MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Prescribed daily doses (PDDs) of antiepileptics (N03A ATC group) were recorded for drugs used in monotherapy or in combination therapy in the University Hospital in Ostrava, Czechia. Plasma levels were used as an indicator of the quality of treatment. METHOD: Request and reply forms for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) were used as a source of PDDs and plasma levels. The study included 1,144 in-patients examined in the period 1993 - 2004. The differences in PDD were tested by Mann-Whitney-U-test. ATC/DDD index 2005 was used. Doses given in mono- and polytherapy were compared. RESULTS: Median PDDs in samples within the therapeutic range (in mg) in mono-/polytherapy were as follows (DDDs in parenthesis): carbamazepine 600/800 (1,000), clonazepam 2.0/2.0 (8), phenytoin 300/300 (300), ethosuximide -/1000 (1,250), lamotrigine 250/200 (300), phenobarbital -/200 (100), primidone 500/625 (1,250), topiramate -/300 (300), valproic acid 750/1,000 (1,500). Median PDDs in polytherapy with antiepileptics not analyzed for TDM were: gabapentin 900 (1,800), levetiracetam 1,500 (1,500), vigabatrin 1,500 (2,000). CONCLUSIONS: PDDs in monotherapy were similar or slightly lower than in combination therapy with an exception for lamotrigine, NS. The differences were significant in carbamazepine, p < 0.0001, and valproic acid, p < 0.001. Patients with plasma levels within the therapeutic range were usually treated with similar or slightly higher doses than the remainder. In polytherapy the PDDs were similar to DDDs in carbamazepine, ethosuximide, phenytoin, and topiramate in samples within the therapeutic range when difference +/- 20 per cent was considered as acceptable PDD of levetiracetam was also similar to actual DDD. In general plasma levels tended to be below the therapeutic range. The differences between PDD and DDD of antiepileptics have to be taken into account especially when utilization of different drugs is compared.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva krev   farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení spotřeby léčiv * MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monitorování léčiv MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH

PURPOSE: Recent studies have indicated constitutive expression of efflux transporter, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2), in endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In epileptogenic brain tumors such as ganglioma, astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytomas, or glioma multiforme, strong expression of BCRP in the microvasculature of the BBB was observed. Therefore it was hypothesized that this phenomenon could critically influence the bioavailability of drugs in these tumors and potentially contribute to the failure of antiepileptic treatment. The aim of this study was to test whether some commonly used antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are substrates transported by human BCRP. In particular, we focused on phenobarbital, phenytoin, ethosuximide, primidone, valproate, carbamazepine, clonazepam, and lamotrigine. Furthermore, the inhibitory potency of these AEDs to BCRP was examined. METHODS: To study substrate affinity of tested AEDs to BCRP, transport experiments were performed in epithelial BCRP-expressing MDCKII-BCRP and MDCKII-parent cell lines cultured on microporous membrane. For detection of inhibitory potency of AEDs to BCRP, accumulation assays were carried out in MEF3.8-BCRP cells with known BCRP substrates, BODIPY FL prazosin and mitoxantrone. RESULTS: No obvious interactions of tested AEDs with BCRP transporter were observed. Therefore these drugs in relevant therapeutic concentrations are neither substrates nor inhibitors of BCRP. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our in vitro data we can conclude that resistance to treatment with the tested AEDs probably is not caused by the overexpression of BCRP in the BBB of epileptogenic brain tumors.

• MeSH
• ABC transportér z rodiny G, člen 2 MeSH
• ABC transportéry antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• antikonvulziva farmakokinetika   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• endoteliální buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• epilepsie farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• hematoencefalická bariéra účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kapilární permeabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetná léková rezistence účinky léků   MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové proteiny antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• transfekce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ABC transportér z rodiny G, člen 2 MeSH
• ABC transportéry MeSH
• ABCG2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• nádorové proteiny MeSH

Transfer of phenytoin (PHT) across the rat term placenta perfused in situ was investigated and compared with that of antipyrine (AP) as a marker of passive diffusion. PHT was shown to cross the placenta with similar kinetics as AP did. Both the first order transfer constant (ktr = 0.070 min-1) and the first order equilibration constant (keq = 0.027 min-1) of PHT were comparable to those of AP (ktr = 0.046 min-1, keq = 0.022 min-1). Similarly, there were significant differences between PHT and AP in the foeto-maternal concentration ratio at equilibrium (FMCReq = 1.01 and 1.09, respectively). The present data indicate that the transfer of PHT through the rat placenta is governed by the same principles as that of AP, i.e. by the mechanism of passive diffusion. Surprisingly, maternal plasma protein binding of PHT (60.5%) did not seem to influence either its rate of transfer or its eventual foeto-maternal concentration ratio.

• MeSH
• analgetika farmakokinetika   MeSH
• antikonvulziva farmakokinetika   MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• fenazon farmakokinetika   MeSH
• fenytoin farmakokinetika   MeSH
• fyzikální chemie MeSH
• krevní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• placenta metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• analgetika MeSH
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• fenazon MeSH
• fenytoin MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH