AIMS: Special histomorphological subtypes of colorectal low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) with variable prognostic impact were recently described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) referred to as non-conventional dysplasia. However, they can also be found in patients without IBD. We aimed to analyse the reproducibility, frequency and prognostic impact of non-conventional colorectal LGIN in patients with and without IBD. METHODS: Six pathologists evaluated 500 specimens of five different LGIN-cohorts from patients with and without IBD. Non-conventional LGIN included hypermucinous, goblet cell-deficient, Paneth cell-rich and crypt cell dysplasia. A goblet cell-rich type and non-conventional LGIN, not otherwise specified were added. Results were compared with the original expert-consented diagnosis from archived pathology records. RESULTS: Four or more pathologists agreed in 86.0% of all cases. Non-conventional LGIN was seen in 44.4%, more frequently in patients with IBD (52%; non-IBD: 39.3%, p=0.005). In patients with IBD non-conventional LGIN associated with more frequent and earlier LGIN relapse (p=0.006, p=0.025), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (p=0.003), larger lesion size (p=0.001), non-polypoid lesions (p=0.019) and additional risk factors (p=0.034). Results were highly comparable with expert-consented diagnoses. In patients without IBD, non-conventional LGIN may indicate a higher risk for concurrent or subsequent colorectal carcinoma (CRC, p=0.056 and p=0.061, respectively). Frequencies and association with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia or CRC varied between the different LGIN subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Non-conventional histomorphology in colorectal LGIN is frequent and highly reproducible. Our results indicate an increased risk for CRC in patients with non-conventional LGIN, probably independent of IBD. We recommend reporting non-conventional LGIN in routine pathology reports.

• Klíčová slova
• Histology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Intestine, Large, NEOPLASMS,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty patologie   diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• karcinom in situ * patologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * patologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This publication represents a summary of the updated 2024 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), TaT1, and carcinoma in situ. The information presented herein is limited to urothelial carcinoma, unless specified otherwise. The aim is to provide practical recommendations on the clinical management of NMIBC with a focus on clinical presentation. METHODS: For the 2024 guidelines on NMIBC, new and relevant evidence was identified, collated, and appraised via a structured assessment of the literature. Databases searched included Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Libraries. Recommendations within the guidelines were developed by the panel to prioritise clinically important care decisions. The strength of each recommendation was determined according to a balance between desirable and undesirable consequences of alternative management strategies, the quality of the evidence (including the certainty of estimates), and the nature and variability of patient values and preferences. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: Key recommendations emphasise the importance of thorough diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for patients with NMIBC. The guidelines stress the importance of defining patients' risk stratification and treating them appropriately. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This overview of the 2024 EAU guidelines offers valuable insights into risk factors, diagnosis, classification, prognostic factors, treatment, and follow-up of NMIBC. These guidelines are designed for effective integration into clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin unresponsive, Bladder cancer, Classification, Cystoscopy, Diagnosis, Follow-up, Guidelines, Intravesical chemotherapy, Prognosis, Radical cystectomy, Transurethral resection, Urothelial carcinoma,
• MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru * MeSH
• karcinom in situ * terapie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře neinvadující svalovinu MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * terapie   patologie   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• urologie normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiology and evaluation of the importance of surgical margins in the treatment of vulvar H-SIL - analysis of own data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The prospective study included women dia-gnosed with HPV-associated vulvar epithelial neoplasia from 10/2016 to 1/2022. A total of 65 women were included. After surgical treatment, the women were distributed to groups according to surgical margins and were followed-up at regular intervals. RESULTS: Seventeen women (26%) dia-gnosed with HPV-associated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia were under 49 years, whereas 48 women (74%) were older than 49 years. Recurrence rates of HPV-associated precancers were 12.3%, 1.5% and 3.1% in excisions with positive margins up to 1mm peripheral margins and 1-3mm peripheral margins, respectively. The risk of recurrence when the lesion reaches the margin is statistically significant, compared to a healthy margin of 1-3mm. CONCLUSION: Keeping the minimal healthy margin (1-3mm) seems to be an acceptable risk of recurrence of HPV-associated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with positive cosmetic effect and minimal risk of disturbing the psychosexual functions of women. Long-term regular follow-up is necessary.

• Klíčová slova
• Epidemiology, H-SIL, surgical margins, type 1 diabetes, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia,
• MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem * MeSH
• karcinom in situ * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory vulvy * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• resekční okraje MeSH
• vulva patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A large proportion of colorectal carcinomas (CRC) evolve from colorectal adenomas. However, not all individuals with colonic adenomas have a risk of CRC substantially higher than those of the general population. The aim of the study was to determine the differences or similarities of mutation profile among low- and high-grade adenomas and in situ carcinoma with detailed follow up. We have investigated the mutation spectrum of well-known genes involved in CRC (such as APC, BRAF, EGFR, NRAS, KRAS, PIK3CA, POLE, POLD1, SMAD4, PTEN, and TP53) in a large, well-defined series of 96 adenomas and in situ carcinomas using a high-throughput genotyping technique. Besides, the microsatellite instability and APC and MLH1 promoter methylation were studied as well. We observed a high frequency of pathogenic variants in the studied genes. The APC, KRAS and TP53 mutation frequencies were slightly lower in adenoma samples than in in situ carcinoma samples. Further, when we stratified mutation frequency based on the grade, the frequency distribution was as follows: low-grade adenoma-high-grade adenomas-in situ carcinoma: APC gene 42.9-56.0-54.5%; KRAS gene 32.7-32.0-45.5%; TP53 gene 8.2-20.0-18.2%. The occurrence of KRAS mutation was associated with the presence of villous histology and methylation of the APC promoter was significantly associated with the presence of POLE genetic variations. However, no association was noticed with the presence of any singular mutation and occurrence of subsequent adenoma or CRC. Our data supports the multistep model of gradual accumulation of mutations, especially in the driver genes, such as APC, TP53 and KRAS.

• MeSH
• adenom genetika   patologie   MeSH
• karcinom in situ genetika   patologie   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita * MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Poor survival of high-grade serous pelvic cancer is caused by a lack of effective screening measures. The detection of exfoliated cells from high-grade serous pelvic cancer, or precursor lesions, is a promising concept for earlier diagnosis. However, collecting those cells in the most efficient way while fulfilling all requirements for a screening approach is a challenge. We introduce a new catheter for uterine and tubal lavage (UtL) and the clinical evaluation of its performance. METHODS/MATERIALS: In study I, the clinical feasibility of the UtL using the new catheter was examined in 93 patients admitted for gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. In study II, the safety of the UtL procedure was assessed. The pain during and after the UtL performed under local anesthesia was rated on a visual analog scale by 22 healthy women. RESULTS: In study I, the UtL was carried out successfully in 92 (98.9%) of 93 cases by 16 different gynecologists. It was rated as easy to perform in 84.8% of patients but as rather difficult in cancer patients (odds ratio, 5.559; 95% confidence interval, 1.434-21.546; P = 0.007). For benign conditions, dilatation before UtL was associated with menopause status (odds ratio, 4.929; 95% confidence interval, 1.439-16.884; P = 0.016). In study II, the pain during UtL was rated with a median visual analog scale score of 1.6. During a period of 4 weeks after UtL, none of the participants had to use medication or developed symptoms requiring medical attention. The UtL took 6.5 minutes on average. The amount of extracted DNA was above the lower limit for a sensitive, deep-sequencing mutation analysis in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate that the UtL, using the new catheter, is a safe, reliable, and well-tolerated procedure, which does not require elaborate training. Therefore, UtL fulfils all prerequisites to be used in a potential screening setting.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• DNA nádorová genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karcinom in situ diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• katetrizace škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• léčebná irigace škodlivé účinky   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků diagnóza   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• uterus patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• vejcovody patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA nádorová MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
• TP53 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy and Storz Professional Image Enhancement System (SPIES) in observing epithelial and/or subepithelial microvascular irregularities and pathologies. METHODS: A total of 73 patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal lesions were investigated using high-definition NBI endoscopy preoperatively in local anesthesia and using SPIES system intraoperatively in general anesthesia from August 2016 to October 2017. Superficial vascular structures were classified preoperatively (NBI) and intraoperatively (SPIES) according to descriptive guidelines of vascular changes by Arens. All lesions were endoscopically evaluated and divided according to the histological examination into four groups (A-benign lesions, B-recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, C-low-grade dysplasia, D-high-grade dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma), and results were compared with NBI and SPIES optical biopsy. RESULTS: Benign lesions (polyps, cysts, chronic inflammation, hyperkeratosis) were histologically confirmed in 26/73 (35.6%) cases and identified by NBI in 20/26 lesions (76.9%) and in 20/26 cases (76.9%) by SPIES, respectively. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was confirmed in 16/73 (21.9%) and detected in 15/16 cases (93.8%) by NBI and in 16/16 cases (100.0%) by SPIES. Low-grade dysplasia (mild and moderate dysplasia) was histologically detected in 7/73 patients (9.6%) and accurately identified by NBI in 6/7 (85.7%) and by SPIES in 6/7 (85.7%) cases, respectively. Histopathological features of severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma were detected in 24/73 (32.9%) patients. According to the NBI endoscopy the suspected vascular neoangiogenesis was recognized in 19/24 cases (79.2%) and in 18/24 cases (75.0%) using SPIES endoscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of NBI endoscopy and SPIES system in correct prediction of histological diagnosis of already detected lesions were 83.0 and 98.0% and 86.0 and 96.0%, respectively. Results of NBI/SPIES endoscopy and histopathological features of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal lesions were compared and the level of agreement was 81.43%, kappa index κ = 0.7428 (95% CI 0.682-0.832) (p < 0.001) by NBI endoscopy and 81.16%, kappa index κ = 0.7379 (95% CI 0.638-0.880) (p < 0.001) by SPIES endoscopy, respectively. The agreement was confirmed as substantial and strong. Level of agreement of both endoscopic methods was 92.54%, kappa index κ = 0.8965 (95% CI 0.877-0.954) (p < 0.001), agreement was confirmed as almost perfect. Between NBI and SPIES endoscopic imaging methods is no significant differentiation. CONCLUSION: Both methods, NBI endoscopy and SPIES system, are comparable in detection and analysis of superficial neoangiogenesis, typical for benign lesion and for precancerous or cancerous changes in larynx and hypopharynx.

• Klíčová slova
• Endoscopy, Narrow band imaging, Precancerous lesion, SPIES, Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• endoskopie * MeSH
• hyperplazie patologie   MeSH
• infekce dýchací soustavy diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• karcinom in situ diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• nádory hypofaryngu diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• úzkopásmové zobrazení * MeSH
• vylepšení obrazu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Malignant melanoma is a serious disease, the incidence of which rises. Since the most important treatment method is sufficient wide skin and subcutaneous tissue excision, plastic surgeon is often the only specialist who is able to close the resulting defect. This paper deals with recommendations and treatment options for malignant melanoma from the point of a plastic surgeon. The primary width of excised safety rim of healthy tissue with regards to the depth of melanoma invasion differs. Safety margin is 0.5 cm for melanoma in situ, 1 cm in Breslow up to 2 mm and 2 cm in Breslow over 2 mm. Furthermore, there is indication for sentinel lymph node biopsy, which should be performed in melanoma with Breslow over 1 mm, and in risky melanoma in Breslow above 0.75 mm. Every patient with stage IIB malignant melanoma and above according to TNM classification should undergo adjuvant therapy in a specialized centre. Ideal condition for the patient is a permanent and close cooperation between a dermatologist, oncologist and plastic surgeon, who supplement each other in diagnostics, therapy and follow up of the patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Melanoma, malignant melanoma, plastic surgery, skin tumour cancer., surgery, treatment,
• MeSH
• biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• karcinom in situ patologie   terapie   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory kůže patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• resekční okraje MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct (IPMN-B) are diagnoses that were classified by the World Health Organization in 2010 as mucin-producing bile duct tumors of the hepatobiliary system. The preoperative differential diagnosis between these two entities is difficult; the presence of a communication with the bile duct is usually considered as a typical sign of IPMN-B. However, the presence of an ovarian-like stroma (OLS) has been established to define the diagnosis of MCN-L. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with a rapid progression of a cystic tumor of the liver. In 2 years, the lesion increased from 27 to 64 mm and a dilation of the left hepatic duct appeared. Percutaneous transhepatic drainage with a biopsy was performed. No malignant cells were found on biopsy. Because of the rapid progression of the cystic tumor and unclear malignant potential, left hemihepatectomy was performed. Even though tumor masses were present in the biliary duct, on the basis of the presence of OLS, histology finally confirmed MCN-L with intermediate-grade intraepithelial dysplasia to high-grade intraepithelial dysplasia. The patient is currently under oncologic follow-up with no signs of recurrence of the disease. We present a rare case where MCN-L caused a dilation of the left hepatic duct, a sign that is usually a characteristic of IPMN-B.

• Klíčová slova
• Hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasm. Biliary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Liver lesions. Ovarian-like stroma. Surgery.,
• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• cholangiografie MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dilatace patologická MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ductus hepaticus communis patologie   MeSH
• hepatektomie MeSH
• karcinom in situ komplikace   diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• nádory cystické, mucinózní a serózní komplikace   diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory jater komplikace   diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory žlučových cest diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• tumor burden MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

CONTEXT: The European Association of Urology (EAU) panel on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) released an updated version of the guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer. OBJECTIVE: To present the 2016 EAU guidelines on NMIBC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A broad and comprehensive scoping exercise covering all areas of the NMIBC guidelines published between April 1, 2014, and May 31, 2015, was performed. Databases covered by the search included Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Libraries. Previous guidelines were updated, and levels of evidence and grades of recommendation were assigned. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Tumours staged as TaT1 or carcinoma in situ (CIS) are grouped as NMIBC. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histologic evaluation of the tissue obtained by transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) in papillary tumours or by multiple bladder biopsies in CIS. In papillary lesions, a complete TURB is essential for the patient's prognosis. If the initial resection is incomplete, there is no muscle in the specimen, or a high-grade or T1 tumour is detected, a second TURB should be performed within 2-6 wk. The risks of both recurrence and progression may be estimated for individual patients using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) scoring system and risk tables. The stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is pivotal to recommending adjuvant treatment. For patients with a low-risk tumour and intermediate-risk patients at a lower risk of recurrence, one immediate instillation of chemotherapy is recommended. Patients with an intermediate-risk tumour should receive 1 yr of full-dose bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical immunotherapy or instillations of chemotherapy for a maximum of 1 yr. In patients with high-risk tumours, full-dose intravesical BCG for 1-3 yr is indicated. In patients at highest risk of tumour progression, immediate radical cystectomy (RC) should be considered. RC is recommended in BCG-refractory tumours. The long version of the guidelines is available at the EAU Web site (www.uroweb.org/guidelines). CONCLUSIONS: These abridged EAU guidelines present updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC for incorporation into clinical practice. PATIENT SUMMARY: The European Association of Urology has released updated guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC). Stratification of patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups is essential for decisions about adjuvant intravesical instillations. Risk tables can be used to estimate risks of recurrence and progression. Radical cystectomy should be considered only in case of failure of instillations or in NMIBC with the highest risk of progression.

• Klíčová slova
• Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), Bladder cancer, Cystectomy, Diagnosis, European Association of Urology, Guidelines, Intravesical chemotherapy, Prognosis, Transurethral resection (TUR), Urothelial carcinoma,
• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace intravezikální MeSH
• BCG vakcína aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• cystektomie * MeSH
• cystoskopie * MeSH
• hladké svalstvo patologie   MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• karcinom in situ patologie   terapie   MeSH
• karcinom z přechodných buněk patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• močový měchýř patologie   MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře patologie   terapie   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• urologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
• antitumorózní látky MeSH
• BCG vakcína MeSH

The aim of this study was to investigate whether observing microvascular changes by narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy in the area surrounding leukoplakia is sufficient for discriminating between benign and malignant patterns of vocal cord leukoplakia. A total of 282 patients were investigated using white-light high-definition TV laryngoscopy and NBI endoscopy from 6/2013 to 8/2015, and 63 patients with a primary case of laryngeal leukoplakia were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups based on leukoplakia with surrounding malignant intraepithelial papillary capillary loops (group I; 26/63) and leukoplakia with a surrounding benign vascular network (group II; 37/63), both by NBI endoscopy. All 63 patients were evaluated by blinded histological examination, and results were compared with NBI optical biopsy. Carcinoma in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed in 22/26 cases (84.6 %) in group I. Hyperkeratosis or low-grade dysplasia was confirmed histologically in 31/37 (83.8 %) and squamous cell carcinoma in 2/37 (5.4 %) cases in group II. Accordance of NBI endoscopy and histopathological features of vocal cord leukoplakia lesions was statistically significant (kappa index 0.77, p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 88.0 % (95 % CI 67.8-97.5 %) and specificity of 89.5 % (95 % CI 71.2-97.1 %). NBI is convenient for improving evaluation of laryngeal leukoplakias based on optic prehistological diagnosis. The close accordance between NBI features and histological results suggests that a negative NBI endoscopy may be an indication for long-term endoscopy follow-up without histological evaluation.

• Klíčová slova
• Endoscopy, Leukoplakia, Narrow-band imaging, Precancerous lesion, Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx,
• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• endoskopie * MeSH
• hlasové řasy patologie   MeSH
• hyperplazie patologie   MeSH
• karcinom in situ diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• laryngoskopie MeSH
• leukoplakie diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• úzkopásmové zobrazení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH