Lin, Min*
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The remediation of Pb(II) through biomineralization is rergarded as a promising technique as well as an interesting phenomenon for transforming heavy metals from mobile species into very stable minerals in the environment. Studies are well needed for in-depth understanding the mechanism of Pb(II) immobilized by bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the uptake and biomineralization of Pb(II) using Bacillus cereus 12-2 isolated from lead-zinc mine tailings. The maximum Pb(II) uptake capacity of B. cereus 12-2 was 340 mg/g at pH 3.0. Zeta potential analyses and selective passivation experiments demonstrated that electrostatic attraction was the main force driving the uptake of Pb(II), while the carboxyl, amide and phosphate functional groups of the bacteria provided the binding sites for immobilizing Pb(II). XRD and TEM investigation revealed that the Pb(II) loaded on bacteria could be stepwise transformed into rod-shaped Ca2.5Pb7.5(OH)2(PO4)6 nanocrystal. Combined with protein denaturalization experiments, we proposed that the biomineralization of Pb(II) possibly consisted of two steps: (1) Rapid biosorption of Pb(II) on B. cereus 12-2 through the synergy of electrostatic attraction, ionic exchange and chelating activity of functional groups; (2) enzyme-mediated mineral transformation from amorphous precipitate to rod-shaped crystalline minerals happening gradually inside the bacteria.
- Klíčová slova
- Bacillus cereus, Biomineralization, Biosorption, Lead,
- MeSH
- Bacillus cereus chemie metabolismus MeSH
- hornictví MeSH
- hydroxyapatit * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- nanočástice * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- olovo * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- zinek MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hydroxyapatit * MeSH
- olovo * MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- zinek MeSH
The dilute magnetic semiconductors have promise in spin-based electronics applications due to their potential for ferromagnetic order at room temperature, and various unique switching and spin-dependent conductivity properties. However, the precise mechanism by which the transition-metal doping produces ferromagnetism has been controversial. Here we have studied a dilute magnetic semiconductor (5% manganese-doped gallium arsenide) with Bragg-reflection standing-wave hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and resolved its electronic structure into element- and momentum- resolved components. The measured valence band intensities have been projected into element-resolved components using analogous energy scans of Ga 3d, Mn 2p, and As 3d core levels, with results in excellent agreement with element-projected Bloch spectral functions and clarification of the electronic structure of this prototypical material. This technique should be broadly applicable to other multi-element materials.
This study conducted pairwise and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of three mind-body exercise interventions (Tai Chi, Qigong, and yoga) on physical capacity, psychological well-being, and quality of life in stroke patients. The research encompassed 30 studies involving 2107 participants and utilized the Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for quality assessment. Pairwise analysis revealed that all three mind-body exercises significantly enhanced patients' quality of life. Tai Chi demonstrated the most comprehensive improvements in balance, limb motor function, activities of daily living, and depression. Network meta-analysis indicated that Qigong was the most effective in improving balance and quality of life for post-stroke patients, followed by Tai Chi. These findings underscore the positive impact of mind-body exercises on both physical and psychosocial outcomes in stroke patients. However, further research involving rigorously designed and adequately powered trials is necessary to enhance the level of evidence in this area.
- Klíčová slova
- Mind-body exercise, Network meta-analysis, Stroke, Systematic review,
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * MeSH
- činnosti denního života MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- taiči * MeSH
- terapie cvičením MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- síťová metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is one of the key host phases of Cr(VI) in the natural environment and chromite ore processing residue (COPR), causing serious pollution by Cr(VI). Therefore, efficient extraction or immobilization of the incorporated Cr(VI) in LDH is urgently needed. In this work, simultaneous separation and immobilization of Cr(VI) in LDH by using MgCl2·6H2O under thermal treatment is innovatively proposed. Cr was volatilized as CrCl3 and was immobilized as MgCr2O4 accounted for 62.2% and 37.8%, respectively, under the optimal condition (the mole ratio of Cl/Cr is 9, 700 °C and 120 min). The underlying reaction mechanisms are as follows: (i) HCl produced by MgCl2·6H2O accelerates the destruction of Cr(VI)-LDH layer structure, completely exposing the incorporated Cr(VI), (ii) Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) by Cl-, part of which is directly immobilized as MgCr2O4, and the other part generates CrCl3, which is volatilized or further combined with Mg2+ to form MgCr2O4. The total Cr leaching concentration of the practical COPR sample treated by this method dramatically decreases from 421 to 0.7 mg/L, well below the landfill standard limit (4.5 mg/L). This work provides an attainable strategy for thorough remediation of COPR and inspires the treatment of heavy metal-containing LDH.
- Klíčová slova
- COPR, LDH, Slowly-released Cr(VI), Stabilization, Volatilization,
- MeSH
- chrom * analýza MeSH
- hydroxidy MeSH
- těžké kovy * MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chrom * MeSH
- chromium hexavalent ion MeSH Prohlížeč
- hydroxidy MeSH
- těžké kovy * MeSH
Total internal reflection is one of the most important phenomena when a propagated wave strikes a medium boundary, which possesses a wide range of applications spanning from optical communication to a fluorescence microscope. It has also been widely used to demonstrate conventional laser actions with resonant cavities. Recently, cavity-free stimulated emission of radiation has attracted great attention in disordered media because of several exciting physical phenomena, ranging from Anderson localization of light to speckle-free imaging. However, unlike conventional laser systems, the total internal reflection has never been implemented in the study of laser actions derived from randomly distributed media. Herein, we demonstrate an ultra-low threshold cavity-free laser system using air bubbles as scattering centers in which the total internal reflection from the surface of air bubbles can greatly reduce the leakage of the scattered beam energy and then enhance light amplification within a coherent closed loop. Our approach provides an excellent alternative for the manipulation of optical energy flow to achieve ultra-low threshold cavity-free laser systems, which should be very useful for the development of high performance optoelectronic devices.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of gentamycin (Ge), neomycin (Neo), rifampicin (Rif), ampicillin (Amp), lincomycin (Lin), erythromycin (Ery), and streptomycin (STM) were determined by the agar dilution technique using 46, 130, 131, 125, 140, 139 and 142 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The strains, selected from the collection of the authors' laboratory, were isolated from mammary gland secretions of cows affected with clinical or subclinical mastitis. The following ranges of MIC (micrograms/ml) were assessed for the antibiotics under study: Ge 0.125-0.50, Neo 0.06-0.50, Rif 0.0039-0.030, Amp 0.015-1.00, Lin 0.25-1.00, Ery 0.06-0.25, STM 0.50-64.0. Modal MIC (micrograms/ml) were as follows; Ery 0.125 (86%), Lin 0.5 (71.4%), Rif 0.007 (68.7%), Ge 0.25 (56.5%), STM 1.00 (54.2%), Neo 0.25 (53.8%), Amp 0.06 (41.6%). The order of efficiency expressed in MIC 90 (micrograms/ml) was as follows: Rif (0.015), Ery (0.125), Ge (0.25), Neo (0.25), Amp (0.5), STM (4.0).
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mléčné žlázy zvířat mikrobiologie MeSH
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
The vigorous promotion of reuse and recycling activities in Taiwan has solved a number of problems associated with the treatment of industrial waste. Considerable advances have been made in the conversion of waste materials into usable resources, thereby reducing the space required for waste storage and helping to conserve natural resources. This study examined the use of non-alkali activators to create bonded materials. Our aims were to evaluate the feasibility of using ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (S) and circulating fluidized bed co-fired fly ash (F) as non-cement binding materials and determine the optimal mix proportions (including embedded fibers) with the aim of achieving high dimensional stability and good mechanical properties. Under a fixed water/binder ratio of 0.55, we combined S and F to replace 100% of the cement at S:F ratios of 4:6, 5:5, 6:4. Polypropylene fibers (L/d = 375) were also included in the mix at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% of the volume of all bonded materials. Samples were characterized in terms of flowability, compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption, shrinkage, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Specimens made with an S:F ratio of 6:4 achieved compressive strength of roughly 30 MPa (at 28 days), which is the 80% the strength of conventional cement-based materials (control specimens). The inclusion of 0.2% fibers in the mix further increased compressive strength to 35 MPa and enhanced composite properties.
- Klíčová slova
- cementless composites, co-fired fly ash, fiber reinforced, green materials, microscopic property,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: to quantify and compare pre- and post-surgical incontinence pad use between men treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) and cancer-free controls, using population-based Austrian insurance claims data. METHODS: Men who underwent RP for treating PCa between 2013-2015 were identified. Cancer-free men ≥45 years with and without benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) were used as controls. Longitudinal data on ICD-diagnoses, type of surgery, prescribed incontinence pads, and hospitals' surgery volumes were aggregated between 2011-2018 to capture pre- and up to three years post-RP follow-up. Monthly rates of pad use were calculated and compared between RP types and cancer-free controls. RESULTS: A total of 6248 RP patients, 7158 cancer-free men with BPH, and 50,257 cancer-free men without BPH were analyzed. Comparing to pre-RP (0.03, 95%CI: 0.02-0.05), RP resulted in significantly higher rates of prescribed pads (at 3 months: 12.61, 95%CI: 11.59-13.65; 12 months: 6.71, 95%CI: 6.10-7.34; 36 months: 4.91, 95%CI: 3.76-4.62). These rates were also higher than those for cancer free controls (with BPH:0.06, 95%CI: 0.04-0.09; without BPH:0.12, 95%CI: 0.10-0.14). The rate of prescribed pads after surgery continued to decline over time and remained higher among men who underwent minimally invasive RP compared to those who underwent an open procedure. CONCLUSION: Despite progress in surgical techniques, post-RP incontinence remains a prevalent adverse event. The rate of pad usage steadily improved over the first three years post RP. The rate of patients with incontinence needing pads was higher among those who were treated minimally invasive compared to open approach.
- Klíčová slova
- insurance data, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, open radical prostatectomy, robotic radical prostatectomy, urinary incontinence,
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty * epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
- pojištění * MeSH
- prostata MeSH
- prostatektomie MeSH
- vložky pro inkontinentní pacienty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Rakousko MeSH
Artificial complex-oxide heterostructures containing ultrathin buried layers grown along the pseudocubic [111] direction have been predicted to host a plethora of exotic quantum states arising from the graphene-like lattice geometry and the interplay between strong electronic correlations and band topology. To date, however, electronic-structural investigations of such atomic layers remain an immense challenge due to the shortcomings of conventional surface-sensitive probes with typical information depths of a few angstroms. Here, we use a combination of bulk-sensitive soft X-ray angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (SX-ARPES), hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES), and state-of-the-art first-principles calculations to demonstrate a direct and robust method for extracting momentum-resolved and angle-integrated valence-band electronic structure of an ultrathin buckled graphene-like layer of NdNiO3 confined between two 4-unit cell-thick layers of insulating LaAlO3. The momentum-resolved dispersion of the buried Ni d states near the Fermi level obtained via SX-ARPES is in excellent agreement with the first-principles calculations and establishes the realization of an antiferro-orbital order in this artificial lattice. The HAXPES measurements reveal the presence of a valence-band bandgap of 265 meV. Our findings open a promising avenue for designing and investigating quantum states of matter with exotic order and topology in a few buried layers.
Bitterlings are relatively small cypriniform species and extremely interesting evolutionarily due to their unusual reproductive behaviors and their coevolutionary relationships with freshwater mussels. As a group, they have attracted a great deal of attention in biological studies. Understanding the origin and evolution of their mating system demands a well-corroborated hypothesis of their evolutionary relationships. In this study, we provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of species relationships of the group based on partitioned maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods using DNA sequence variation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes on 41 species, several subspecies and three undescribed species. Our findings support the monophyly of the Acheilognathidae. Two of the three currently recognized genera are not monophyletic and the family can be subdivided into six clades. These clades are further regarded as genera based on both their phylogenetic relationships and a reappraisal of morphological characters. We present a revised classification for the Acheilognathidae with five genera/lineages: Rhodeus, Acheilognathus (new constitution), Tanakia (new constitution), Paratanakia gen. nov., and Pseudorhodeus gen. nov. and an unnamed clade containing five species currently referred to as "Acheilognathus". Gene trees of several bitterling species indicate that the taxa are not monophyletic. This result highlights a potentially dramatic underestimation of species diversity in this family. Using our new phylogenetic framework, we discuss the evolution of the Acheilognathidae relative to classification, taxonomy and biogeography.
- Klíčová slova
- Acheilognathinae, Cryptic species, Cyprinidae, Cytochrome b, European bitterling, Nuclear loci,
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- Cyprinidae klasifikace genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- mitochondriální geny MeSH
- pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
