Emulsion products with natural antimicrobials are becoming increasingly popular for topical application. Mandelic Acid is interesting in cosmetics due to its potent exfoliating properties, which have driven advancements in skincare technologies. Essential oils have various properties, of which the most useful in cosmetics are those that do not cause irritation, smell pleasant, and have other beneficial properties such as antimicrobial effects. Emulsions with Mandelic Acid and essential oils from Satureja montana, Lemongrass, and Litsea cubeba were formulated and microbiologically tested for their preservative effectiveness. The effect of the treatments on skin condition was monitored by non-invasive diagnostic methods, such as hydration, transepidermal water loss, and pH value. Sensory analysis revealed that the matrix containing Mandelic Acid alone or combined with Litsea Cubeba Oil was the best-performing formulation, consistent with the compliant results of antimicrobial efficacy. The topical form of this cosmetic product has demonstrated excellent preservative activity and desirable biophysical efficacy on the skin.
- Klíčová slova
- TEWL, antimicrobial effect, cosmetic matrix, essential oil, hydration, mandelic acid, natural preservative,
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- emulze * chemie MeSH
- konzervační prostředky farmaceutické chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- emulze * MeSH
- konzervační prostředky farmaceutické MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky * MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové * MeSH
- mandelic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The analysis of urinary catecholamine metabolites is a cornerstone of neuroblastoma diagnostics. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the sampling method, and variable combinations of catecholamine metabolites are being used. We investigated if spot urine samples can be reliably used for analysis of a panel of catecholamine metabolites for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma. METHODS: Twenty-four-hour urine or spot urine samples were collected from patients with and without neuroblastoma at diagnosis. Homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine, epinephrine and metanephrine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) and/or ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS: Catecholamine metabolite levels were measured in urine samples of 400 neuroblastoma patients (24-hour urine, n = 234; spot urine, n = 166) and 571 controls (all spot urine). Excretion levels of catecholamine metabolites and the diagnostic sensitivity for each metabolite were similar in 24-hour urine and spot urine samples (p > .08 and >.27 for all metabolites). The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) of the panel containing all eight catecholamine metabolites was significantly higher compared to that of only HVA and VMA (AUC = 0.952 vs. 0.920, p = .02). No differences were observed in metabolite levels between the two analysis methods. CONCLUSION: Catecholamine metabolites in spot urine and 24-hour urine resulted in similar diagnostic sensitivities. The Catecholamine Working Group recommends the implementation of spot urine as standard of care. The panel of eight catecholamine metabolites has superior diagnostic accuracy over VMA and HVA.
- Klíčová slova
- catecholamine metabolites, diagnostic sensitivity, metanephrines, neuroblastoma, tandem mass spectrometry, urine collection,
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová metody MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová moč MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metanefrin moč MeSH
- neuroblastom * diagnóza MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyselina homovanilová MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová MeSH
- metanefrin MeSH
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) are diagnostic markers of neuroblastoma. The purpose of this study was to understand the reason for the discrimination of structural analogues (VMA and HVA) onto a graphite electrode coated with an electrochemically oxidized urea derivative. Density functional theory calculations (DFT), FTIR spectroscopic measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements were used in this work. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) were used to identify the most suitable binding sites of the urea derivative and to describe possible differences in its interaction with the studied analytes. The FTIR measurement indicated the enhancement and disappearance of NH vibrations on graphite and platinum surfaces, respectively, that could be connected to a different orientation and thus provide accessibility of the urea moiety for the discrimination of carboxylates. Additionally, the higher the basicity of the anion, the stronger the hydrogen-bonding interaction with -NH-groups of the urea moiety: VMA (pKb = 10.6, KAds = (5.18 ± 1.95) × 105) and HVA (pKb = 9.6, KAds = (4.78 ± 1.58) × 104). The differential pulse voltammetric method was applied to detect VMA and HVA as individual species and interferents. As individual analytes, both HVA and VMA can be detected at a concentration of 1.99 × 10-5 M (RSD ≤ 0.28, recovery 110-115%).
- Klíčová slova
- differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, neuroblastoma, urea-derivative receptor,
- MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- grafit * MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová chemie MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuroblastom * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- grafit * MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová MeSH
A new method for the simultaneous determination of two tumour biomarkers, homovanillic (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), using flow injection analysis (FIA) with amperometric detection (AD) at a commercially available boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was developed. It was found that this method is suitable for the determination of HVA (in the presence of VMA) and VMA (in the presence of HVA) in optimum medium of Britton-Robinson buffer (0.04 mol L-1, pH 3.0). Calibration dependences consist of two linear parts for both biomarkers, the first one being in the concentration range from 1 to 10 μmol L-1 and the second one from 10 to 100 μmol L-1 (with obtained LODs 0.44 μmol L-1 for HVA and 0.34 μmol L-1 for VMA, respectively). To minimize any negative effects related to the passivation of the working electrode, suitable cleaning pulses (+2.4 V for 30 s) were imposed on the working electrode after each measurement. An attempt to use FIA with multiple pulse amperometric detection to determine both analytes in one run was not successful. Changing potentials in short intervals in multiple pulse detection probably results in mutual interaction of analytes and/or products of their electrochemical oxidation, thus preventing the application of this approach.
- Klíčová slova
- Boron doped diamond electrode, Flow injection analysis, Homovanillic acid, Tumour biomarkers, Vanillylmandelic acid,
- MeSH
- bor chemie MeSH
- diamant chemie MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová analýza chemie MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová analýza chemie MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery analýza chemie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- průtoková injekční analýza metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- bor MeSH
- diamant MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
The aim of this study is to summarize the current progress in the design of biocatalytic processes applicable for the production of optically pure mandelic acids and their analogues. These compounds are used as building blocks for pharmaceutical chemistry and as chiral resolving agents. Their enzymatic syntheses mainly employed nitrile hydrolysis with nitrilases, ester hydrolysis, ammonolysis or esterification with lipases or esterases, and ketone reduction or alcohol oxidation with dehydrogenases. Each of these methods will be characterized in terms of its product concentrations, enantioselectivities, and the types of catalysts used. This review will focus on the dynamic kinetic resolution of mandelonitrile and analogues by nitrilases resulting in the production of high concentrations of (R)-mandelic acid or (R)-2-chloromandelic acid with excellent e.e. Currently, there is no comparable process for (S)-mandelic acids. However, the coupling of the S-selective cyanation of benzaldehyde with the enantioretentive hydrolysis of (S)-mandelonitrile thus obtained is a promising strategy. The major product can be changed from (S)-acid to (S)-amide using nitrilase mutants. The competitiveness of the biocatalytic and chemical processes will be assessed. This review covers the literature published within 2003-2017.
- Klíčová slova
- Dehydrogenase, Enantioselectivity, Esterase, Lipase, Mandelic acid, Nitrilase,
- MeSH
- aminohydrolasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biokatalýza MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové metabolismus MeSH
- průmyslová mikrobiologie * trendy MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminohydrolasy MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové MeSH
The application of arylacetonitrilases from filamentous fungi to the hydrolysis of high concentrations of (R,S)-mandelonitrile (100-500 mM) was demonstrated for the first time. Escherichia coli strains expressing the corresponding genes were used as whole-cell catalysts. Nitrilases from Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa, Nectria haematococca, and Arthroderma benhamiae (enzymes NitAn, NitNc, NitNh, and NitAb, respectively) exhibited different degrees of enantio- and chemoselectivity (amide formation). Their enantio- and chemoselectivity was increased by increasing pH (from 8 to 9-10) and adding 4-10% (v/v) toluene as the cosolvent. NitAn and NitNc were able to convert an up to 500 mM substrate in batch mode. NitAn formed a very low amount of the by-product, amide (<1% of the total product). This enzyme produced up to >70 g/L of (R)-mandelic acid (e.e. 94.5-95.6%) in batch or fed-batch mode. Its volumetric productivities were the highest in batch mode [571 ± 32 g/(L d)] and its catalyst productivities in fed-batch mode (39.9 ± 2.5 g/g of dcw). NitAb hydrolyzed both enantiomers of 100 mM (R,S)-mandelonitrile at pH 5.0 and is therefore promising for the enantioretentive transformation of (S)-mandelonitrile. Sequence analysis suggested that fungal arylacetonitrilases with similar properties (enantioselectivity, chemoselectivity) were clustered together.
- MeSH
- aminohydrolasy chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Arthrodermataceae enzymologie MeSH
- Aspergillus niger enzymologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fungální proteiny chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové metabolismus MeSH
- Nectria enzymologie MeSH
- Neurospora crassa enzymologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminohydrolasy MeSH
- fungální proteiny MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové MeSH
- mandelic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
Mandelic acid (MA) is an important metabolite of styrene. In humans, measurement of its concentration in urine provides an important assessment of the overall level of styrene exposure in workers of the reinforced plastic manufacturing industry. The aim of our study was to investigate in these workers the relationship between MA concentration and styrene exposure time and intensity as well as its dependence on work occupation. The concentration of MA in the urine samples of 35 employees was analyzed with HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Out of 35 workers, 11 performed laminating, 11 milling and finalizing, 6 laying-up and spraying-up, and 7 worked in background support. Urinal samples were obtained twice a day over the course of three weeks, at the beginning and the end of the work shift. We found a significant increase in MA concentrations during a work shift in all tested days (Wilcoxon test p < 0.05). Employees working in elevated atmospheric concentrations of styrene (93.77-159.88 mg/m3) had significantly higher MA concentrations in urine compared to other groups at both the beginning and the end of the shift (Kruskal Wallis test p < 0.001) (p < 0.001). Only samples from laminating workers exceeded the biological limit of MA concentration (640 mg/L) at the end of the shift. Normalisation of MA concentration to body mass index (BMI, normal range: 21.7 +/- 3.2 kg/m2) refined differences within groups (Kruskal-Wallis analysis p < 0.001). The accumulation of MA at the end of the work shift for measured time period was not significant for the measured time period (Friedman analysis p > 0.11). Our results confirmed that MA is a sensitive metabolic marker of styrene exposure without cumulative effect. However, normalization of MA concentrations to BMI can improve the accuracy of styrene exposure estimates in certain groups of employees.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové moč MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- plastické hmoty * MeSH
- pracovní expozice analýza statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- styren analýza metabolismus MeSH
- zaměstnání statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyseliny mandlové MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí MeSH
- mandelic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- plastické hmoty * MeSH
- styren MeSH
Urine contains a variety of organic and inorganic chemicals including a number of natural fluorophores. Most of them are formed by tryptophan metabolites. But there are also metabolites of riboflavin, catecholamines and porphyrins. The alternation in the autofluorescence of urine and the alternation in the concentration of these substances are developed by both physiological and pathological changes such as disorder of body metabolism, dietary intake, age and etc. In this work we present fluorescent properties of chosen urine fluorophores - i.e. 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), indoxyl sulphate (urine indican), serotonin (5-HT), vanillylmandelic (VMA) and homovanillic (HVA) acids typical for various diseases. Differences of fluorescent parameters of individual fluorophores measured in vitro in the water solutions and in natural environment of urine are significant and can lead to false results and conclusions. Therefore, we present the most common influence that can occur in urine (e.g. pH, ionic strength, proteins, and other fluorophores). The aim is to elaborate the exact "know-how" for direct complex fluorescent measurement in urine related to particular diagnoses.
- MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie * MeSH
- indican moč MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová moč MeSH
- kyselina hydroxyindoloctová moč MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- moč chemie MeSH
- serotonin moč MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- indican MeSH
- kyselina homovanilová MeSH
- kyselina hydroxyindoloctová MeSH
- kyselina vanilmandlová MeSH
- serotonin MeSH
An approach to stereoselective synthesis of alpha- or beta-3-C-glycosylated L- or D-1,2-glucals starting from the corresponding alpha- or beta-glycopyranosylethanals is described. The key step of the approach is the stereoselective cycloaddition of chiral vinyl ethers derived from both enantiomers of mandelic acid. The preparation of 1,5-anhydro-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-C-[(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)methyl]-L-arabino-hex-1-enitol, 1,5-anhydro-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-C-[(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)methyl]-D-arabino-hex-1-enitol, and 1,5-anhydro-4,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-C-[(2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)methyl]-D-arabino-hex-1-enitol serves as an example of this approach.
- MeSH
- disacharidy chemická syntéza MeSH
- glykosylace MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové chemie MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- vinylové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- disacharidy MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové MeSH
- mandelic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- vinyl ether MeSH Prohlížeč
- vinylové sloučeniny MeSH
BACKGROUND: Antimuscarinic agents currently dominate medical treatment for urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder (OAB). Alternatives to improve their risk-benefit ratio are welcomed. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of oral cizolirtine citrate in this indication. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A randomised, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, phase 2 multicentre clinical trial performed by urologists or gynaecologists at referral centres. A sample was composed of 135 outpatients with signs of lower urinary tract dysfunction and urodynamically documented detrusor overactivity; 20 patients left the study prematurely, chiefly (n=10) because of adverse events. INTERVENTION: Allocation to treatments was asymmetrical (2:2:1) to cizolirtine citrate 800 mg/d, placebo, or oxybutynin 15 mg/d. Treatments were given for 12 wk. MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy measures included a bladder diary, filling- and voiding-phase urodynamic evaluations, and measure of quality of life (QoL). Adverse events were systematically recorded. Statistical procedures included analysis of covariance, chi(2) tests, and calculation of 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Most patients (92.6%) were female, and their mean age was 51.8 yr. Bladder diary variables improved significantly with active drug over placebo: The average number of voidings per 24 h was reduced by 33.4%, 17.0%, and 34.3% (p=0.001) in the cizolirtine citrate, placebo, and oxybutynin groups, respectively. The mean estimated voided volume per voluntary micturition increased by 17.8%, 0%, and 14.5% (p=0.002) in the cizolirtine citrate, placebo, and oxybutynin groups, respectively. The proportions of patients achieving fewer than eight voidings per 24 h, complete dryness, or both were also superior with active drugs over placebo. Only cizolirtine showed significant superiority over placebo to improve urodynamic parameters, although the asymmetrical allocation played against oxybutynin in the inferences. Cizolirtine citrate caused fewer antimuscarinic but more gastrointestinal (nausea) and neurologic (headache and vertigo) adverse events than oxybutynin. CONCLUSIONS: Cizolirtine citrate is a promising agent in the treatment of OAB with urinary incontinence.
- MeSH
- antagonisté muskarinových receptorů škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hyperaktivní močový měchýř komplikace farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- inkontinence moči farmakoterapie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- interval spolehlivosti MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- kyseliny mandlové škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyrazoly škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
- urodynamika účinky léků MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antagonisté muskarinových receptorů MeSH
- cizolirtine MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyseliny mandlové MeSH
- oxybutynin MeSH Prohlížeč
- pyrazoly MeSH
