Essential oil from Thymus vulgaris L. has valuable therapeutic potential that is highly desired in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Considering these advantages and the rising market demand, induced polyploids were obtained using oryzalin to enhance essential oil yield. However, their therapeutic values were unexplored. So, this study aims to assess the phytochemical content, and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of tetraploid and diploid thyme essential oils. Induced tetraploids had 41.11% higher essential oil yield with enhanced thymol and γ-terpinene content than diploid. Tetraploids exhibited higher antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms. Similarly, in DPPH radical scavenging assay tetraploid essential oil was more potent with half-maximal inhibitory doses (IC50) of 180.03 µg/mL (40.05 µg TE/mg) than diploid with IC50 > 512 µg/mL (12.68 µg TE/mg). Tetraploids exhibited more effective inhibition of in vitro catalytic activity of pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than diploids at 50 µg/mL concentration. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed higher binding affinity of thymol and γ-terpinene towards tested protein receptors, which explained enhanced bioactivity of tetraploid essential oil. In conclusion, these results suggest that synthetic polyploidization using oryzalin could effectively enhance the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites and can develop more efficient essential oil-based commercial products using this induced genotype.
- MeSH
- dinitrobenzeny * MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie MeSH
- monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- oleje rostlin * MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
- sulfanilamidy * MeSH
- tetraploidie MeSH
- thymol farmakologie MeSH
- Thymus (rostlina) * chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dinitrobenzeny * MeSH
- fytonutrienty MeSH
- gamma-terpinene MeSH Prohlížeč
- monoterpeny s cyklohexanovým kruhem * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- oleje rostlin * MeSH
- oryzalin MeSH Prohlížeč
- sulfanilamidy * MeSH
- thyme oil MeSH Prohlížeč
- thymol MeSH
Oliveria decumbens Vent., an annual herb resistant to harsh environmental conditions, is an aromatic medicinal plant of the Apiaceae family. O. decumbens has numerous pharmacological, food and feed, and cosmetic applications. This species is endemic to Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. Published literature, available until 30 November 2022 on the morphology, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of O. decumbens, has been reviewed, and appraised for the potential therapeutic potential of this species, utilizing the databases, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Dictionary of Natural Products. The search term used was O. decumbens. Some manuscripts were issued on the chemical components of O. decumbens essential oil (EO) and various extracts. The EO of O. decumbens was evaluated for its chemical composition and medicinal potential against various diseases. Thymol and carvacrol constituted the primary oxygenated monoterpenes detected in substantial amounts within the EO. Additionally, diverse metabolites of O. decumbens were examined for their bactericidal, antioxidant, larvicidal, and immunomodulatory effects. This review article discusses morphology, phenology, and geographical distribution of O. decumbens and presents a critical appraisal of its phytochemistry and therapeutic potential as documented in the published literature.
- Klíčová slova
- Anti-diabetic, Anticancer, Apiaceae, Denak, Essential oil, Oliveria decumbens, Pharmacology, Phytochemicals, Phytochemistry,
- MeSH
- Apiaceae * chemie MeSH
- etnofarmakologie MeSH
- fytonutrienty farmakologie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * chemie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie chemie MeSH
- thymol MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fytonutrienty MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- thymol MeSH
Essential oils (EOs) have great potential in inhalation therapy for the treatment of respiratory infections. However, innovative methods for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of their vapors are still needed. The current study reports validation of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for assessment of the antibacterial properties of EOs and shows the growth-inhibitory effect of Indian medicinal plants against pneumonia-causing bacteria in liquid and vapor phase. Among all samples tested, Trachyspermum ammi EO exhibits the strongest antibacterial effect against Haemophilus influenzae, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 128 and 256 µg/mL in the liquid and vapor phases, respectively. Furthermore, Cyperus scariosus EO is found to be nontoxic to normal lung fibroblasts assessed by modified thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay. Chemical analysis performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified α-citral, cyperotundone, and thymol as the main constituents of Cymbopogon citratus, C. scariosus, and T. ammi EOs, respectively. In addition, β-cymene is identified as the major compound of T. ammi EO vapors when analyzed using solid-phase microextraction and gas-tight syringe sampling techniques. This study demonstrates the validity of the broth macrodilution volatilization method for antimicrobial screening of volatile compounds in the vapor phase and suggests the therapeutic potential of Indian medicinal plants in inhalation therapy.
- Klíčová slova
- Cymbopogon citratus, Cyperus scariosus, GC/MS, MTT assay, Trachyspermum ammi, antimicrobial activity, headspace analysis, macrodilution, respiratory infections, vapor phase, volatiles,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * analýza MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- pneumonie * MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
Compounds isolated from botanical sources represent innovative and promising alternatives to conventional insecticides. Carlina oxide is a compound isolated from Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) with great potential as bioinsecticide, being effective on various arthropod vectors and agricultural pests, with moderate toxicity on non-target species. Since the production from the wild source is limited, there is the need of exploring new synthetic routes for obtaining this compound and analogues with improved bioactivity and lower toxicity. Herein, the chemical synthesis of carlina oxide analogues was developed. Their insecticidal activity was assessed on the vectors Musca domestica L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The compounds' activity was compared with that of the natural counterparts EO and carlina oxide. In housefly tests, the analogues were comparably effective to purified carlina oxide. In Cx. quinquefasciatus assays, the meta-chloro analogue provided a significantly higher efficacy (LC50 of 0.71 μg mL-1) than the EO and carlina oxide (LC50 1.21 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively) and a better safety profile than carlina oxide on keratinocytes. Overall, this study can open the way to an agrochemical production of carlina oxide analogues employable as nature-inspired insecticides.
- MeSH
- Asteraceae * chemie MeSH
- Culex * MeSH
- insekticidy * farmakologie MeSH
- komáří přenašeči MeSH
- larva MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- carlina oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
- insekticidy * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
Nanofibers have become a promising material in many industries in recent years, mainly due to their various properties. The only disadvantage of nanofibers as a potential filtration membrane is their short life due to clogging by bacteria in water treatment. The enrichment of nanofibers with active molecules could prevent these negative effects, represented by essential oils components such as Thymol, Eugenol, Linalool, Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol. Our study deals with the preparation of electrospun polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based nanofibers with incorporated essential oils, their characterization, testing their antibacterial properties and the evaluation of biofilm formation on the membrane surface. The study of the nanofibers' morphology points to the nanofibers' diverse fiber diameters ranging from 570 to 900 nm. Besides that, the nanofibers were detected as hydrophobic material with wettability over 130°. The satisfactory results of PVDF membranes were observed in nanofibers enriched with Thymol and Eugenol that showed their antifouling activity against the tested bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Therefore, these PVDF membranes could find potential applications as filtration membranes in healthcare or the environment.
- Klíčová slova
- PVDF, antibacterial activity, antifouling activity, essential oil, nanofiber,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- bioznečištění * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- eugenol farmakologie MeSH
- nanovlákna * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie MeSH
- thymol farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- eugenol MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- polyvinylidene fluoride MeSH Prohlížeč
- thymol MeSH
The northern yellow sac spider Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, is expanding its range to Central Europe, especially to synanthropic habitats. The spiders become unwanted companions because of the unreasonable fear - arachnophobia, and estetic reason - silk retreats in corners, capturing dust. The most commonly used substances against spiders are pesticides, which are, however, toxic. In our work we tested the attraction or repellence of 15 essential oils (EO) from plants representing eight families to C. mildei. Our research has shown a significant repellent effect of EO from three plants, namely Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et L. M. Perry (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. (Poales: Bromeliaceae) and Musa sp. (L.) (Zingiberales: Musaceae). In contrast, some EOs appeared to have an attraction effect, particularly Carum carvi L. (Apiales: Apiaceae). Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) reduced the tendency of spiders to construct the silken retreat. S. aromaticum, A. sativus, Musa sp. and Z. officinale have the potential to be used as natural repellents against spiders.
- Klíčová slova
- biocontrol, eugenol, olfactory test, pesticide alternative, plant extract,
- MeSH
- banánovník * MeSH
- fobie MeSH
- hedvábí MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin farmakologie MeSH
- pavouci * MeSH
- prach MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu * farmakologie MeSH
- rostliny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hedvábí MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- prach MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu * MeSH
Emergent application of antimicrobial strategies as symptomatic treatment in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and linkage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 with microbial infections, has created colossal demand for antimicrobials. For the first time, this communication explore the physicochemical, antifungal, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties of biogenic magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs), synthesized using essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus's as an efficient multifunctional reducing and stabilizing/capping reagent. It is observed that MgNPs (ranging in size: 8-16 nm) of varying phytochemical compositions (MgS1, MgS2, MgS3) exhibited various useful physicochemical, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic properties. FTIR outcomes highlight the functional biomolecules-assisted reduction of Mg from Mg+ to Mg0. Among all, MgS3-Nps owing to the smallest particle size exhibited superior photocatalytic efficacy (91.2%) for the methylene blue degradation upon direct exposure to the sunlight for 3 h without using any reducing agents. Fabricated MgNPs also exhibited excellent antifungal (against Fusarium oxysporum) and antibacterial (versus Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) efficacies compared to state-of-the-art antimicrobial agents deployed for the treatment of infectious diseases. Based on this investigated greener approach, imperative from economic and environmental viewpoint, such essential oil based-MgNPs can be a potential nanosystem for various industrial applications where photocatalytic, and biomedical attributes are the key requirements.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- farmakoterapie COVID-19 * MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočástice * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
BACKGROUND: Recent discoveries in cancer therapeutics have proven combination therapies more effective than individual drugs. This study describes the efficacy of the combination of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and doxorubicin against benzene-induced leukemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Brine shrimp assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of C. zeylanicum, doxorubicin and their combination. After AML induction in Sprague Dawley rats, the same drugs were given to rat groups. Changes in organ weight, haematological profile, and hepatic enzymes were determined. Real-time PCR was used to elucidate the effect on the expression of STMN1, GAPDH, P53 and various TRAIL and NF-kappaB components. C. zeylanicum reduced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. The combination treatment showed better anti-leukemic results than any of the individual drugs as evident from STMN1 expression (p < 0.001). It was particularly effective in reducing total white blood cell counts and recovering lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils along with hepatic enzymes ALT and AST (p < 0.001). All doses recovered relative organ weights and improved blood parameters. The combination therapy was particularly effective in inducing apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation marker GAPDH (p < 0.001) and NF-kappaB pathway components Rel-A (p < 0.001) and Rel-B (p < 0.01). Expressions of TRAIL components c-FLIP (p < 0.001), TRAIL ligand (p < 0.001) and caspase 8 (p < 0.01) were also altered. CONCLUSION: Cinnamomum zeylanicum in combination with doxorubicin helps to counter benzene-induced cellular and hepatic toxicity and improves haematological profile. The anti-leukemic effects are potentially due to inhibition of GAPDH and NF-kappa B pathway, and through regulation of TRAIL pathway. Our data suggests the use of C. zeylanicum with doxorubicin to improve anti-leukemic therapeutic regimes.
- Klíčová slova
- Acute myeloid leukemia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Doxorubicin, NF-kappa B, Rat model, TRAIL,
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- benzen farmakologie MeSH
- doxorubicin farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- leukemie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolismus MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- protein TRAIL metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- skořicovník ceylonský metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzen MeSH
- doxorubicin MeSH
- NF-kappa B MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- protein TRAIL MeSH
The problems of the environment and human health related to the use of synthetic and broad-spectrum insecticides have increasingly motivated scientific research on different alternatives and among these, the use of green systems, such as essential oils, have been explored. Several species of the Apiaceae and Asteraceae families, aromatic herbs rich in secondary bioactive metabolites, are used in the industrial field for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food purposes. Different essential oils extracted from some species of these families have shown acute toxicity and attractive and/or repellent effects towards different insects. In our work, we investigated the toxic potential of Calendula incana subsp. maritima and Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum essential oils against four insect species, Sitophilus oryzae, Lasioderma serricorne, Necrobia rufipes, and Rhyzoperta dominica, which are common pests of stored products. The composition of both oils, extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the two plants, was evaluated by GC×GC-MS. Calendula incana subsp. maritima essential oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenoids, such as cubebol (35.39%), 4-epi-cubebol (22.99%), and cubenol (12.77%), while the Laserpitium siler subsp. siculum essential oil was composed mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons, such as β-phellandrene (42.16%), limonene (23.87%), and β-terpinene (11.80%). The toxicity Petri dish bioassays indicated that C. maritima oil killed a mean of 65.50% of S. oryzae and 44.00% of R. dominica adults, indicating a higher biocidal activity in comparison with L. siculum oil, while toward the other species, no significant differences in mortality were recorded. Calendula maritima oil could be, then, considered a promising candidate for further tests as an alternative biocide toward S. oryzae and R. dominica. The possibility that the relatively high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenoids in C. maritima essential oil determines its higher biocidal activity is discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- GC×GC-MS analysis, Lasioderma serricorne, Necrobia rufipes, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae, cubebene derivatives,
- MeSH
- Apiaceae chemie MeSH
- Asteraceae chemie MeSH
- brouci účinky léků MeSH
- insekticidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- nosatcovití účinky léků MeSH
- oleje prchavé analýza farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin analýza farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- insekticidy MeSH
- oleje prchavé MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
With increased popular awareness of food safety and environmental protection, plant essential oil has attracted interest due to the absence of residue, its high efficiency, antioxidant, immune regulation, antibacterial, insecticidal, and other advantages. Their application in degradation and elimination of mycotoxin toxicity has attracted increasing attention. This paper reviews the structure, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism, and toxic effects of essential oils. The inhibitory effects of various essential oils on different mycotoxins were studied. The research progress on the inhibitory effects of plant essential oils on fungi and mycotoxins in recent years was summarized to provide reference for the application of plant essential oils.
- Klíčová slova
- essential oils, fungi, inhibition, mycotoxin,
- MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- houby MeSH
- mykotoxiny * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antifungální látky MeSH
- mykotoxiny * MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
