OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify a panel of biomarkers for distinguishing early stage sepsis patients from non-infected trauma patients. BACKGROUND: Accurate differentiation between trauma-induced sterile inflammation and real infective sepsis poses a complex life-threatening medical challenge because of their common symptoms albeit diverging clinical implications, namely different therapies. The timely and accurate identification of sepsis in trauma patients is therefore vital to ensure prompt and tailored medical interventions (provision of adequate antimicrobial agents and if possible eradication of infective foci) that can ultimately lead to improved therapeutic management and patient outcome. The adequate withholding of antimicrobials in trauma patients without sepsis is also important in aspects of both patient and environmental perspective. METHODS: In this proof-of-concept study, we employed advanced technologies, including Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) and multiplex antibody arrays (MAA) to identify a panel of biomarkers distinguishing actual sepsis from trauma-induced sterile inflammation. RESULTS: By comparing patient groups (controls, infected and non-infected trauma and septic shock patients under mechanical ventilation) at different time points, we uncovered distinct protein patterns associated with early trauma-induced sterile inflammation on the one hand and sepsis on the other hand. SYT13 and IL1F10 emerged as potential early sepsis biomarkers, while reduced levels of A2M were indicative of both trauma-induced inflammation and sepsis conditions. Additionally, higher levels of TREM1 were associated at a later stage in trauma patients. Furthermore, enrichment analyses revealed differences in the inflammatory response between trauma-induced inflammation and sepsis, with proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades being elevated whereas proteins relevant to focal adhesion were diminished in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, therefore, suggest that a combination of biomarkers is needed for the development of novel diagnostic approaches deciphering trauma-induced sterile inflammation from actual infective sepsis.

• Klíčová slova
• A2M, IL1F10, SYT13, bacteremia, biomarkers, sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, trauma,
• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky * MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• infekční nemoci * komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sepse * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• septický šok * komplikace   MeSH
• synaptotagminy MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky * MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• synaptotagminy MeSH
• SYT13 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

A cohort of 66 workers professionally exposed to vinylchloride (VC) in a plant producing polyvinylchloride was examined in years 1979 and 1985 by same methods. Significant changes of the levels of immunoglobulins (Ig), lysozyme and transferrin were not observed during the six years in the subgroup of smokers. Nevertheless a highly significant rise of alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M) and ceruloplasmin (CPL) levels in this subgroup was stated. The levels of IgA and IgM significantly rose in the subgroup of ex-smokers, as well as highly significant increase of A2M was noted in this subgroup. The levels of IgG and A2M rose with highly significance in the subgroup of non-smokers; the CPL increase was only of weak significance. Many significant differences in means were assessed between subgroups of exposed workers and age matched control persons. No significant correlation between the levels of the tests and the time of exposure to VC was observed by regression analysis. In the discussion an opinion about possible premature aging of persons exposed to VC was brought forward.

• MeSH
• alfa-1-antitrypsin krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muramidasa krev   MeSH
• nemoci z povolání krev   imunologie   MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku krev   imunologie   MeSH
• vinylchlorid škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vinylové sloučeniny škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-1-antitrypsin MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• vinylchlorid MeSH
• vinylové sloučeniny MeSH

Immune reactions elicited in the sera of individuals exposed to nickel and cobalt were assessed by changes in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM and serum proteins alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), transferrin (TRF), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), ceruloplasmin (CPL) and lysozyme (LYS). Examinations were carried out in workers occupationally exposed to Ni (38 individuals) or Co (35 individuals) and in groups of non-occupationally exposed children living in areas with a different degree of air pollution from a nearby source of Ni and Co emissions (one group was made up of 54 exposed children, the other one of 64 "less exposed" children of the same age). Groups of non-exposed controls were represented by a group of 42 male adults matched by age and by a group of 48 children from a non-polluted area. Significantly increased average values were obtained for IgG, IgA and IgM in group of workers exposed to Ni, for IgA in workers exposed to Co and for A1AT, A2M, CPL and LYS in both groups of occupationally exposed adults (p less than 0.001 - p less than 0.005). Among non-occupationally exposed children the group of the most exposed had significantly elevated average values for A2M and A1AT which were higher than those recorded in groups of "less exposed" and control children (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The biomedical importance of these findings is discussed in detail.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• kobalt škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muramidasa krev   MeSH
• nikl škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• kobalt MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• nikl MeSH

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive chronic disease causing visual impairment or central vision loss in the elderly. We hypothesized that successful rheopheresis would be associated with positive changes in soluble endoglin (sENG), PSCK9, alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), and hs-CRP levels. 31 elderly patients with the dry form of AMD, treated with rheopheresis with a follow-up period of at least 5 years and an average age of 68 ± 4 years, were evaluated. Each treated patient received a series of 8 procedures in 10 weeks and, after the 2-year period, another 2 procedures within 1 week. Then, the patients were followed up every 6 months and divided into the successfully treated and therapeutic failure group according to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), size of the drusen area, and the drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment (DPED). Based on the ophthalmological assessment, rheopheresis treatment was successful in 73% of AMD patients. The therapy was associated with a significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoprotein B, lipoprotein (a) levels, and rheologically important parameters, irrespective of the therapy's success or failure. The success of rheopheresis therapy was exclusively related to a significant decrease in sENG and A2M levels. Over the long term, rheopheresis prevented the decline of BCVA, reduced the DPED and area of macular drusen, and improved the preservation of an intact photoreceptor ellipsoid zone in most patients. Moreover, we showed for the first time that sENG and A2M could be potentially sensitive biomarkers of successful rheopheresis procedure, irrespective of lipid parameters changes.

• Klíčová slova
• Age-related macular degeneration, Alpha-2-macroglobulin, Rheopheresis, Soluble endoglin,
• MeSH
• biologické markery * krev   MeSH
• endoglin * krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární degenerace * terapie   krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery * MeSH
• endoglin * MeSH

A1 macroglobulin was identified in rat serum by a two-dimensional quantitative immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel containing monovalent anti-A1M rat serum. A second serum macroglobulin A2M antigenically related to A1M was identified in turpentine-stimulated or irradiated rats.

• MeSH
• alfa-makroglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• imunoelektroforéza dvourozměrná metody   MeSH
• imunoelektroforéza metody   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• terpentýn farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-makroglobuliny MeSH
• terpentýn MeSH

BACKGROUND: The most serious complication of diabetes is the progressive development of vascular changes in which impaired hemocoagulation and fibrinolysis participate. The latter were investigated in diabetes type 1 and 2, but les is known about them in gestational diabetes (GDM). The objective of the submitted work was to assess wither these disorders occur also during GDM and to compare the assessed changes of haemostasis and fibrinolysis with findings in a) non-pregnant healthy controls (n = 58), b) healthy pregnant women (n = 41) and c) groups of pregnant women with impaired haemostasis during gestation/gestational hemorrhage (n = 15), preeclampsia (n = 22), varicosities (n = 15) and dead foetus syndrome (n = 16), but normal carbohydrate metabolism. The changes in GDM were moreover compared with changes found in diabetes type 1 and 2. METHODS AND RESULTS: In pregnant women with GDM (n = 29) which was diagnosed according to WHO criteria the following parameters were examined: number of thrombocytes, APTT, fibrinogen-Fbg (according to Clauss), euglobulin fibrinolysis-ECLT, t-PA concentration, PAI-I (Coaliza, Kabi) and by microturbidimetry the concentration of plasma proteins/orosomucoid (ORM), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), prealbumin (PREA), transferrin (TRF) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). In patients with GDM a high Fbg level was found (4.51 +/- 0.98 g/l, p<0.01) not only as compared with Fbg in non-pregnant women (2.42 +/- 0.40 g/l), Fbg in healthy pregnant women (3.63 +/- 0.70 g/l) but also Fg in other patient groups with a pathological pregnancy. In pregnant women with GDM a reduced fibrinolytic activity - ECLT (464 +/- 98 min., p<0.01) was observed as compared with the finding in non-pregnant women (273 +/- 98 min.) but also in healthy pregnant women (303 +/- 106 min.). Another important deviation as compared with findings in healthy pregnant women in GDM is the reduced value of two proteinase inhibitors: A2M (2.04 +/- 0.59 g/l vs. 2.89 +/- 0.90 g/l, p < 0.01) and A1AT (2.98 +/- 0.80 g/l vs. 3.96 +/- 0.85 g/l, p < 0.01). The rise of t-PA (Ag), PAI-1 (Ag), fibrinogen and reduction of fibrinolytic activity (longer ECLT) made the changes the haemostasis and fibrinolysis in GDM closer to findings in DM type 2 than type 1. CONCLUSIONS: In GDM a higher thrombophilia was found (higher Fbg, longer ECLT) than in other groups of pregnant women. Another pathological finding is the reduced A2M level (proteinase inhibitor but also of PDGF and interleukins) and A1AT (inhibitor of leucocytic proteinases). The authors assume that these deviations favour the development of possible vascular changes in GDM and possibly also diabetic foetopathy (reduced A2M).

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibrinolýza * MeSH
• gestační diabetes krev   MeSH
• hemostáza * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární komplikace v těhotenství krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odumření plodu MeSH
• preeklampsie krev   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

During the period of 1983-1985, in two of apprentice schools of P. town the health disorders were investigated in the total of 82 apprentices 15-18 years old from the environment with elevated concentrations of formaldehyde and toluene. The study was contrasted with a control total of 42 apprentices. Cytogenetical examination has been performed, and selected immunological parameters in both blood serum and saliva have been assessed with red and white blood cells counts including differential formula of white blood cells. In addition, the atmospheric toxicity of formaldehyde and vapours of organic solvents (toluene, xylene, varnish naphtha) was measured. A single biological exposure test has been performed for the detection toluene. Statistically significant were differences in occurrence of cell chromosomal aberrations between the group of long term formaldehyde and toluene exposure (averagely 3.53% ABB) and controls (2.21% ABB) as obtained in 1983 and 1984, and so were differences between the long term-to-toluene exposed group (3.30% ABB) and the above mentioned control group as obtained in 1984. No similar results were stated between the long term-to-formaldehyde exposed (3.07% ABB) and control (2.55% ABB) groups in 1985. The main evidence consisted in finding the genotoxical/clastogenic effect of observed agents associated with mainly chromosomal abnormalities of chromatide type. It outflowed from the determination of selected serum proteins (Ig and acute phase proteins) and salivary lysozyme that the group under the combined influence of formaldehyde and toluene showed significantly lower IgG and higher alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The group at risk of toluene was characteristical in elevated concentrations of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and A1AT. Most pronounced changes in first year had been revealed through the evaluation of the influence of the duration at risk (significant decrease in IgA and prealbumin, and the increase in A2M and A1AT). The infectious disease as experienced 2 month prior the collection resulted in a significant decrease of IgM, A2M and A1AT in risky groups in individuals with infection in anamnesis. Salivary lysozyme concentration of apprentice environmentally exposed to formaldehyde in the noon showed the decrease, whereas its increase occurred in controls with the difference on 5% significancy level. Blood count assessements showed no significant differences between the investigated values as well as any were assessed between the incidence of health disorders of apprentices and their correspondance to the given group.

• MeSH
• chromozomální aberace MeSH
• formaldehyd škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• krevní obraz MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• rozpouštědla škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• toluen škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• formaldehyd MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• toluen MeSH

A group of 47 male adults working in a thermal power plant burning coal containing 900 to 1,500 g of arsenic per ton dry weight was examined on the blood serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM content and levels of acute reactants alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), transferrin (TRF), orosomucoid (ORO) ceruloplasmin (CPL), and lysozyme (LYS). Investigations in the control group comprising 27 workers from another power plant in the same district where the coal content of arsenic was more than 10 times lower were analogous. The inter-group differences in means were evaluated by t-test, differences in the association of values by F-test, and the correlations with age and the length of exposure were assessed using the regression analysis method. The differences in mean IgG, IgA, IgM, LYS and A2M levels between the exposed and control groups of workers were insignificant or of borderline significance only. In contrast, differences in TRF, ORO and particularly CPL levels were statistically highly significant, in all instances P less than 0.001. In the control group, persons with abnormal values in at least two immunobiochemical tests used accounted for 3.7%, in the group of the exposed for 51% (P less than 0.002). All these findings, especially the rise in CPL concentration levels in the exposed group are discussed on the background of the rise in cancer mortality rates found previously in this group of power plant workers.

• MeSH
• arsen škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrárny * MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteiny akutní fáze krev   MeSH
• uhlí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• arsen MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• proteiny akutní fáze MeSH
• uhlí * MeSH

In autumn and spring a group of 132 ten-year-old school children (54.5% from families of smokers) were examined for blood content of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, (gM, in autumn including also IgE), lysozyme (LYS) and the so called acute reactants (alpha-1-antitrypsin = A1AT; alpha-2-macroglobulin = A2M; transferrin = TRF; ceruloplasmin = CPL); and for saliva sIgA and sLYS. Autumn examination detected significantly higher mean values of IgE in children from families of smokers, while other mean differences remained insignificant. Spring examination revealed significant differences in the means of IgA levels children from families of smokers (FS) had significantly lower levels of IgA while their saliva sIgA values were significantly higher. Mean spring CPL levels in FS were significantly higher. Analysis of distribution curves of autumn examination showed a significant shift of A1AT towards higher values in boys from FS. Girls from FS exhibited a shift of LYS towards lower values. Spring examination in boys FS evidenced a shift of CPL and sIgA values towards higher values; the curve of serum IgA levels split distinctly into two subgroups. In girls from FS the only change observed during the spring examination was a shift of A2M levels towards higher values with an indication of a split. To conclude, passive smoking in school children is responsible for a number of significant changes, the latter being more frequent and marked in spring when the children's organism is weakened by many other unfavourable circumstances. More significant changes were seen in boys.

• MeSH
• alfa-1-antitrypsin metabolismus   MeSH
• alfa-makroglobuliny metabolismus   MeSH
• ceruloplasmin metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• imunitní systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A sekreční metabolismus   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muramidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• sliny enzymologie   imunologie   MeSH
• transferin metabolismus   MeSH
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alfa-1-antitrypsin MeSH
• alfa-makroglobuliny MeSH
• ceruloplasmin MeSH
• imunoglobulin A sekreční MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• transferin MeSH
• znečištění tabákovým kouřem MeSH

Variations in some humoral immune responses to polluted air were studied in two semicohorts of children, initial age 10 years, from two urban communities differing from each other by the degree of ambient air pollution. The material for analysis (blood, saliva) was collected every autumn and spring in 3 successive years, giving a total of 6 sets of specimens for each examinee. All blood specimens were examined for the serum level of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), lysozyme (LYS), total serum protein (TP) and the level of the acute reactants alpha 2 macroglobulin (A2M), alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT), transferrin (TRF) and ceruloplasmin (CPL). The saliva specimens were examined for the level of lysozyme (sLYS) and secretory IgA (sIgA). The mean protein concentrations for each of the 6 sampling series were correlated with the mean of 24-h emission concentrations measured in the last 3 months preceding the autumn or spring sampling series. In the community area characterized by a low-degree non-industrial pollution of air the correlations of immunoglobulins to SO2 and floating particles (FP) in air were as a rule inversed while the response from TP, LYS and acute reactants was direct. In the community contaminated by industrial pollutants, correlations between proteins and SO2 were markedly weaker, but there was a significant positive correlation between H2S and levels of IgA and A2M in blood and sIgA and sLYS in the saliva. A high degree of positive correlation was also observed between H2S and levels of IgM and LYS. Inverse correlations were only between levels of LYS and FP, SO2 and H2S. Significant correlations were also between contaminant concentrations and FP. The associations found between the contaminant concentrations in air and levels of blood and saliva proteins supports the hypothesis that quality of air may have considerable impacts on defense mechanisms. Seasonal variations in the quality of air may increase the rates of childhood morbidity for acute upper respiratory tract infections.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• imunoglobuliny analýza   MeSH
• krevní proteiny analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• muramidasa analýza   krev   MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• proteiny akutní fáze krev   MeSH
• sirouhlík analýza   MeSH
• sliny enzymologie   imunologie   MeSH
• sulfan analýza   MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• proteiny akutní fáze MeSH
• sirouhlík MeSH
• sulfan MeSH