In the global COVID-19 epidemic, humans are faced with a new challenge. The concept of quarantine as a preventive measure has changed human activities in all aspects of life. This challenge has led to changes in the environment as well. The air quality index is one of the immediate concrete parameters. In this study, the actual potential of quarantine effects on the air quality index and related variables in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is assessed, where, first, the data on the pollutant reference concentration for all measuring stations in Tehran, from February 19 to April 19, from 2017 to 2020, are monitored and evaluated. This study investigated the hourly concentrations of six particulate matters (PM), including PM2.5, PM10, and air contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Changes in pollution rate during the study period can be due to reduced urban traffic, small industrial activities, and dust mites of urban and industrial origins. Although pollution has declined in most regions during the COVID-19 quarantine period, the PM2.5 rate has not decreased significantly, which might be of natural origins such as dust. Next, the air quality index for the stations is calculated, and then, the interpolation is made by evaluating the root mean square (RMS) of different models. The local and global Moran index indicates that the changes and the air quality index in the study area are clustered and have a high spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the bad air quality is reduced due to quarantine, major changes are needed in urban management to provide favorable conditions. Contaminants can play a role in transmitting COVID-19 as a carrier of the virus. It is suggested that due to the rise in COVID-19 and temperature in Iran, in future studies, the effect of increased temperature on COVID-19 can be assessed.

• Klíčová slova
• Air quality index, Coronavirus, GIS, Local and global Moran index, Pollution impact,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• environmentální zdraví MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• oxid dusičitý analýza   MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• ozon * analýza   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Írán MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• oxid dusičitý MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• ozon * MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH
• prach MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological research has shown that air pollution is associated with cardiovascular events, but little is known about short-term effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in Serbian population. The present study assessed the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels in urban air and the daily values of blood pressure and heart rate in 98 healthy nonsmoking female volunteers. METHODS: Generalized regression model was fitted controlling for temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, season, and the day of the week. RESULTS: There was no association between short-term air pollution exposure and BP and HR, the exposure showed a tendency toward a decrease of diastolic BP and HR, but with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The present findings did not support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS and SO2 may have an effect on blood pressure and heart rate in women.

• Klíčová slova
• black smoke, blood pressure, heart rate, short-term exposure, sulphur dioxide,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kouř analýza   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kouř MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) estimated the transboundary transport of air pollution between the Czech Republic and Poland by assessing relationships between weather conditions and air pollution in the area as part of the "Air Quality Information System in the Polish-Czech border of the Silesian and Moravian-Silesian region" project (http://www.air-silesia.eu). Estimation of cross-border transport of pollutants is important for Czech-Polish negotiations and targeted measures for improving air quality. METHODS: Direct measurement of PM10 and sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations and the direction and wind speed from measuring stations in the vicinity of the Czech-Polish state border in 2006-2012. RESULTS: Taking into account all the inaccuracies, simplifications and uncertainties, by which all of the measurements are affected, it is possible to state that the PM10 transboundary transport was greater from the direction of Poland to the Czech Republic, rather than the other way around. Nevertheless, the highest share of the overall PM10 concentration load was recorded on days with a vaguely estimated airflow direction. This usually included days with changing wind direction or days with a distinct wind change throughout the given day. A changeable wind is most common during low wind speeds. It can be assumed that during such days with an ambiguous daily airflow, the polluted air saturated with sources on both sides of the border moves from one country to the other. Therefore, we could roughly ascribe an equal level of these concentrations to both the Czech and Polish side. CONCLUSIONS: PM10 transboundary transport was higher from Poland to the Czech Republic than from the opposite direction, despite the predominant air flow from the Czech Republic to Poland.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech-Polish border, Moravian-Silesian region, Silesian Voivodeship, air quality, relationship between meteorology and ambient concentrations, transboundary transport,
• MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• počasí * MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH

In the present work we isolated and identified various indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and screened them for the selected oenological properties. These S. cerevisiae strains were isolated from berries and spontaneously fermented musts. The grape berries (Sauvignon blanc and Pinot noir) were grown under the integrated and organic mode of farming in the South Moravia (Czech Republic) wine region. Modern genotyping techniques such as PCR-fingerprinting and interdelta PCR typing were employed to differentiate among indigenous S. cerevisiae strains. This combination of the methods provides a rapid and relatively simple approach for identification of yeast of S. cerevisiae at strain level. In total, 120 isolates were identified and grouped by molecular approaches and 45 of the representative strains were tested for selected important oenological properties including ethanol, sulfur dioxide and osmotic stress tolerance, intensity of flocculation and desirable enzymatic activities. Their ability to produce and utilize acetic/malic acid was examined as well; in addition, H2S production as an undesirable property was screened. The oenological characteristics of indigenous isolates were compared to a commercially available S. cerevisiae BS6 strain, which is commonly used as the starter culture. Finally, some indigenous strains coming from organically treated grape berries were chosen for their promising oenological properties and these strains will be used as the starter culture, because application of a selected indigenous S. cerevisiae strain can enhance the regional character of the wines.

• Klíčová slova
• ITS-PCR-RFLP, Interdelta PCR typing, Oenological properties, Saccharomyces genus, Species-specific primers,
• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting MeSH
• ethanol toxicita   MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• kyselina octová metabolismus   MeSH
• maláty metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• osmotický tlak MeSH
• oxid siřičitý toxicita   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• sulfan metabolismus   MeSH
• tolerance léku MeSH
• Vitis mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ethanol MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH
• maláty MeSH
• malic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• sulfan MeSH

The reaction of (SeO3)4 with 1,4-dioxane (diox, dioxane) with or without diluting solvent led to the isolation of the unprecedented esters of selenic acid-1,2-ethyl selenate (CH2O)2SeO2 and the glyoxal diselenate O2Se[(OCHO)2]SeO2. It was possible to isolate an unknown dimeric form of Se2O5 (Se4O10·(diox)2) and a geometrical isomer of the mixed-valence oxide trans-Se3O7, both stabilized by dioxane. The dioxane adduct of monomeric selenium trioxide SeO3·diox was obtained from the reaction of (SeO3)4 with dioxane in liquid SO2. The reaction mechanism for the formation of these compounds was elucidated, and the molecular structure of the unstable form of the selenium trioxide was determined, consisting in a trimeric arrangement (SeO3)3.

• MeSH
• cyklizace MeSH
• dioxany chemie   MeSH
• estery chemie   MeSH
• isomerie MeSH
• kyselina selenová chemie   MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• oxid siřičitý chemie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidy selenu chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1,4-dioxane MeSH Prohlížeč
• dioxany MeSH
• estery MeSH
• kyselina selenová MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• oxidy selenu MeSH

Silver fir is one of the most productive and ecologically valuable native European tree species, however, it has been experiencing decline which has periodically occurred over its natural range. This paper aims to investigate the recent climate-growth relationships of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and its temporal change along the course of its life. Long-term tree-ring databases, as well as records on climate, atmospheric SO2, NO3 and acid concentrations from four different regions in the Western Carpathians were used. The results provide clear evidence of significant increase of silver fir's radial increment over the entire Western Carpathian area since 1970-1980. The results indicated that the most probable factors behind the rapid recovery of tree radial increment were reductions in emissions of NO3 and SO2, alongside a significant increase in mean June, July and April temperatures.

• Klíčová slova
• Climate change, Dieback, Growth recovery, SO(2) and NO(x) air pollution, Silver fir,
• MeSH
• dusičnany analýza   MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• jedle růst a vývoj   MeSH
• klimatické změny MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dusičnany MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH

Metallaborane compounds containing two adjacent metal atoms, [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)MM'B(10)H(10)] (where MM' = Pt(2), 1; PtPd, 7; Pd(2), 8), have been synthesized, and their propensity to sequester O(2), CO, and SO(2) and to then release them under pulsed and continuous irradiation are described. Only [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)Pt(2)B(10)H(10)], 1, undergoes reversible binding of O(2) to form [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(O(2))Pt(2)B(10)H(10)] 3, but solutions of 1, 7, and 8 all quantitatively take up CO across their metal-metal vectors to form [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(CO)Pt(2)B(10)H(10)] 4, [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(CO)PtPdB(10)H(10)] 10, and [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(CO)Pd(2)B(10)H(10)] 11, respectively. Crystallographically determined interatomic M-M distances and infrared CO stretching frequencies show that the CO molecule is bound progressively more weakly in the sequence {PtPt} > {PtPd} > {PdPd}. Similarly, SO(2) forms [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(SO(2))Pt(2)B(10)H(10)] 5, [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(SO(2))PtPdB(10)H(10)] 12, and [(PMe(2)Ph)(4)(SO(2))Pd(2)B(10)H(10)] 13 with progressively weaker binding of the SO(2) molecule. The uptake and release of gas molecules are accompanied by changes in their absorption spectra. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy clearly shows that the O(2) and CO molecules are liberated from the bimetallic binding site with high quantum yields of about 0.6. For 3, in addition to dioxygen release in the triplet ground state, singlet oxygen O(2)((1)Δ(g)) was also detected with a quantum yield <0.01. In most cases, the release and rebinding of the gas molecules can be cycled with little photodegradation of the compounds. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy further reveals that the photorelease of the O(2) and CO molecules, from 3 and 4 respectively, is an ultrafast process taking place on a time scale of tens of picoseconds. For SO(2), the release is even faster (<1 ps), but only in the case of mixed metal PtPd adducts, most probably because of the metal-metal bonding asymmetry in the mixed metal clusters; for the corresponding symmetric Pt(2) and Pd(2) adducts, 5 and 13, the release of SO(2) is significantly slower (>1 ns). All these compounds may have potential to serve as light-triggered local and instantaneous sources of the studied gases.

• MeSH
• borany chemická syntéza   chemie   MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• fotochemie * MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• kvantová teorie * MeSH
• kyslík chemie   MeSH
• oxid siřičitý chemie   MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý chemie   MeSH
• palladium chemie   MeSH
• platina chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• borany MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý MeSH
• palladium MeSH
• platina MeSH

Political and economical transition in the Central and Eastern Europe at the end of eighties significantly influenced all aspects of life as well as technological infrastructure. Collapse of outdated energy demanding industry and adoption of environmental legislation resulted in seeming improvements of urban environmental quality. Hand in hand with modernization the newly adopted regulations also helped to phase out low quality coal frequently used for domestic heating. However, at the same time, the number of vehicles registered in the city increased. The two processes interestingly acted as parallel but antagonistic forces. To interpret the trends in urban air quality of Prague, Czech capital, monthly averages of PM(10), SO(2), NO(2), NO, O(3) and CO concentrations from the national network of automated monitoring stations were analyzed together with long term trends in fuel consumption and number of vehicles registered in Prague within a period of 1992-2005. The results showed that concentrations of SO(2) (a pollutant strongly related to fossil fuel burning) dropped significantly during the period of concern. Similarly NO(X) and PM(10) concentrations decreased significantly in the first half of the nineties (as a result of solid fuel use drop), but remained rather stable or increased after 2000, presumably reflecting rapid increase of traffic density. In conclusion, infrastructural changes in early nineties had a strong positive effect on Prague air quality namely in the first half of the period studied, nevertheless, the current trend in concentrations of automotive exhaust related pollutants (such as PM(10), NO(X)) needs adoption of stricter measures.

• MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• oxid dusičitý analýza   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý analýza   MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý analýza   MeSH
• ozon analýza   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• oxid dusičitý MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý MeSH
• ozon MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel MeSH

This study aimed to investigate the vasoactivity of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a novel gas identified from vascular tissue, in rat thoracic aorta. The thoracic aorta was isolated, cut into rings, and mounted in organ-bath chambers. After equilibrium, the rings were gradually stretched to a resting tension. Isometric tension was recorded under the treatments with vasoconstrictors, SO2 derivatives, and various drugs as pharmacological interventions. In endothelium-intact aortic rings constricted by 1 microM phenylephrine (PE), SO2 derivatives (0.5-8 mM) caused a dose-dependent relaxation. Endothelium removal and a NOS inhibitor L-NAME reduced the relaxation to low doses of SO2 derivatives, but not that to relatively high doses (>or=2 mM). In endothelium-denuded rings, SO2 derivatives attenuated vasoconstriction induced by high K+ (60 mM) or CaCl2 (0.01-10 mM). The relaxation to SO2 derivatives in PE-constricted rings without endothelium was significantly inhibited by blockers of ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels, but not by those of voltage-dependent K+ channels, Na+- K+-ATPase or Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. SO2 relaxed vessel tone via endothelium-dependent mechanisms associated with NOS activation, and via endothelium-independent mechanisms dependent on the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and the opening of KATP and KCa channels.

• MeSH
• aorta thoracica účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• blokátory draslíkových kanálů farmakologie   MeSH
• cévní endotel účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• draslíkové kanály metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• oxid siřičitý farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• relaxace svalu účinky léků   MeSH
• vápníkové kanály metabolismus   MeSH
• vazodilatace účinky léků   MeSH
• vazodilatancia farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• blokátory draslíkových kanálů MeSH
• draslíkové kanály MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH
• vápníkové kanály MeSH
• vazodilatancia MeSH

The present study assesses the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels in urban air and the daily number of emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Nis, Serbia. Generalised linear models extending Poisson regression were fitted controlling for time trend, seasonal variations, days of the week, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, precipitation, rainfall, snowfall, overcast, and wind velocity. The emergency room admissions for all ages for COPD were significantly associated with previous-day level of BS and lag 0-2 (1,60% and 2,26% increase per 10 microg/m3, respectively). After controlling for SO2, single lagged (lag 1 and lag 2) as well as mean lagged values of BS (up to lag 0-3) were significantly associated with COPD emergencies. No effect was found for SO2, even after controlling for black smoke. The present findings support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS may have an effect on the respiratory health of susceptible persons.

• MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc * MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouř škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid siřičitý škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• urgentní služby nemocnice MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kouř MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch MeSH
• oxid siřičitý MeSH