• MeSH
• arterioskleróza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• butyráty aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hyperlipidemie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyráty MeSH

Isoleucine added to the cultivation medium of Streptomyces cinnamonensis C-100-5 induced a relative increase of the production of monensin B at the expense of monensin A. U-14C-Isoleucine was found not to be a specific monensin B precursor. The incorporation of 1-13C-2-methylbutyrate into monensins A and B showed the label to be evenly incorporated in both products at carbon atoms originating from C(1) of propionate. In regulatory mutants insensitive to 2-amino-3-chlorobutyrate isoleucine influenced the production of monensins only slightly but strains resistant to 2-aminobutyrate and norleucine decreased their total production by 2-12% in the presence of isoleucine which was associated with a decrease of monensin A content by 14-52%. The inhibitory effect of isoleucine on the biosynthesis of valine, a specific precursor of the butyrate unit of monensin A, is discussed.

• MeSH
• aminobutyráty farmakologie   MeSH
• butyráty metabolismus   MeSH
• furany biosyntéza   MeSH
• isoleucin metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• monensin analogy a deriváty   biosyntéza   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• norleucin farmakologie   MeSH
• Streptomyces genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• valin biosyntéza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-amino-3-chlorobutyric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• 2-methylbutanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• aminobutyráty MeSH
• butyráty MeSH
• furany MeSH
• isoleucin MeSH
• monensin B MeSH Prohlížeč
• monensin MeSH
• norleucin MeSH
• valin MeSH

• MeSH
• benzen metabolismus   MeSH
• butyráty biosyntéza   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• papírová chromatografie MeSH
• piperaziny biosyntéza   MeSH
• Streptomyces metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzen MeSH
• butyráty MeSH
• piperaziny MeSH

A biosynthetic pathway using pivalic acid as a starter unit was found in three bacterial species, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Streptomyces avermitilis. When deuterium-labelled pivalic acid was added to A. acidoterrestris and R. erythropolis nutrient media it was incorporated into fatty acids to give rise to tert-butyl fatty acids (t-FAs). In addition, in R. erythropolis, pivalic acid was transformed into two starter units, i.e. isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric acid, which served as precursors of corresponding iso-even FAs and anteiso-FAs. In S. avermitilis the biosynthesis also yielded all three branched FAs; apart from this pathway, both pivalic and 2-methylbutyric acids were incorporated into the antibiotic avermectin.

• MeSH
• Alicyclobacillus metabolismus   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky biosyntéza   MeSH
• butyráty metabolismus   MeSH
• ivermektin analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny pentanové metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny biosyntéza   MeSH
• Rhodococcus metabolismus   MeSH
• Streptomyces metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-methylbutanoic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• avermectin MeSH Prohlížeč
• butyráty MeSH
• ivermektin MeSH
• kyseliny pentanové MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• pivalic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

In this experimental research, different types of essential oils (EOs) were blended with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to study the influence of these additives on PHB degradation. The blends were developed by incorporating three terpenoids at two concentrations (1 and 3%). The mineralization rate obtained from CO2 released from each sample was the factor that defined biodegradation. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used in this research. The biodegradation percentages of PHB blended with 3% of eucalyptol, limonene, and thymol after 226 days were reached 66.4%, 73.3%, and 76.9%, respectively, while the rate for pure PHB was 100% after 198 days, and SEM images proved these results. Mechanical analysis of the samples showed that eucalyptol had the highest resistance level, even before the burial test. The other additives showed excellent mechanical properties although they had less mechanical strength than pure PHB after extrusion. The samples' mechanical properties improved due to their crystallinity and decreased glass transition temperature (Tg). DSC results showed that blending terpenoids caused a reduction in Tg, which is evident in the DMA results, and a negligible reduction in melting point (Tm).

• Klíčová slova
• biodegradation, essential oils (EOs), mechanical properties, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB),
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiinfekční látky * MeSH
• butyráty * MeSH
• eukalyptol MeSH
• polyestery chemie   MeSH
• terpeny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiinfekční látky * MeSH
• butyráty * MeSH
• eukalyptol MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• terpeny MeSH

Experimental and epidemiological evidence supports the idea that dietary fat and fiber influence colon carcinogenesis. Particularly, their components, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and butyrate, have been proven to exhibit beneficial effects on colon epithelial cell metabolism, signaling, and kinetics, thus preventing colon inflammation and cancer. Moreover, these effects may be strengthened by PUFA and butyrate combination. It appears that administration of these compounds might be a relatively nontoxic form of supportive therapy improving cancer treatment outcomes and slowing down or preventing recurrence of certain types of cancer. However, their efficient application has to be based on solid scientific evidence of their mechanisms of action from the molecular and cellular to the organismal level. In this review, we emphasize the role of lipids and their metabolism during tumor development, describe some important mechanisms considering cellular and molecular levels of PUFA and butyrate action in colon epithelial cells, and particularly focus on the interaction of their metabolism and the signaling pathways with respect to the differences in response of normal and cancer colon cells.

• MeSH
• butyráty metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• nádory tračníku metabolismus   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyráty MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a critical player in the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its host. However, factors regulating AhR within the gut, which is a complex metabolomic environment, are poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of a combination of metabolites on the activation mechanism of AhR. AhR activity was evaluated using both a luciferase reporter system and mRNA levels of AhR target genes on human cell lines and human colonic explants. AhR activation was studied by radioligand-binding assay, nuclear translocation of AhR by immuofluorescence and protein co-immunoprecipitation of AhR with ARNT. Indirect activation of AhR was evaluated using several tests and inhibitors. The promoter of the target gene CYP1A1 was studied both by chromatin immunoprecipitation and by using an histone deacetylase HDAC inhibitor (iHDAC). Short-chain fatty acids, and butyrate in particular, enhance AhR activity mediated by endogenous tryptophan metabolites without binding to the receptor. This effect was confirmed in human intestinal explants and did not rely on activation of receptors targeted by SCFAs, inhibition of AhR degradation or clearance of its ligands. Butyrate acted directly on AhR target gene promoter to reshape chromatin through iHDAC activity. Our findings revealed that butyrate is not an AhR ligand but acts as iHDAC leading to an increase recruitment of AhR to the target gene promoter in the presence of tryptophan-derived AhR agonists. These data contribute to a novel understanding of the complex regulation of AhR activation by gut microbiota-derived metabolites.

• Klíčová slova
• AhR, CYP1A1, FICZ, HDAC, Microbiota, SCFAs, butyrate, metabolites, tryptophan,
• MeSH
• butyráty farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• tryptofan MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyráty MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků * MeSH
• tryptofan MeSH

The high level of alkaline phosphatase activity in HT29 cells induced after 2 or 5 days of butyrate treatment was decreased during their prolonged exposure (about 30 days) to this agent together with a decrease of sensitivity to apoptosis. However, an enormous additive effect on alkaline phosphatase activity was found after butyrate treatment of glucose-starved cells. In concert with this finding, the substructural analysis revealed a dense brush border, tendency to polarization and morphologically normal mitochondria. It can be concluded that prolonged butyrate treatment of HT29 cells attenuated their response to this agent. On the other hand, glucose deprivation, as another inductor of differentiation, was found to increase the sensitivity of HT29 cells to butyrate.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buňky HT-29 metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• butyráty metabolismus   MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyráty MeSH
• glukosa MeSH

• MeSH
• butyráty škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hypercholesterolemie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu tuků farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyráty MeSH
• lipidy MeSH

Employing methods of cell biology and proteome analysis tools, we examined effects of an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, sodium butyrate (SB), on the proliferation/differentiation characteristics of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-derived cells K562. SB suppressed proliferation of K562 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1 phase, which was followed by their transition to G0 phase (decrease of Ki-67 antigen-positive cells) and erythroid differentiation (increased glycophorin A expression and synthesis of hemoglobins). Neither terminal apoptosis (low counts of TUNEL-positive cells) nor necrosis (moderate counts of propidium iodide-positive cells) occurred. Importantly, SB attenuated protein expression of CML-related chimeric kinase BCR-ABL that is responsible for the deregulated proliferation of CML cells. The proteomic analysis (2-D electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and/or Western blotting) revealed several proteins that were differentially expressed or their mobility was altered due to butyrate treatment, namely, HSP90, HSP70, p23, cyclophilin A (CYPA), prefoldin2 (PFD2) and alpha-, gamma-, epsilon-human globin chains. Perturbation of HSP90 multichaperone complex of which BCR-ABL is the client protein is presumably a cause of BCR-ABL suppression. Changes in other proteins with chaperonic functions, CYPA and PFD2, may reflect SB antiproliferative and cytodifferentiation effects.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• buňky K562 MeSH
• butyráty farmakologie   MeSH
• G1 fáze účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• proteom biosyntéza   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u leukemie účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• butyráty MeSH
• proteom MeSH