By the end of 2019 the first cases of severe pneumonia of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan, China. The causative agent was identified as a novel b-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the disease was named COVID-19. Since the beginning of 2020, the infection has spread worldwide, which led the WHO to declare COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern and to characterize the current situation as a pandemic. The transmission occurs mainly via respiratory droplets and the incubation period ranges from 2 to 14 days. Most cases are mild, but some patients develop severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress, septic shock and multi-organ failure. The most common symptoms include fever, dry cough, myalgia and shortness of breath. Characteristic laboratory findings are normal white blood cell count or mild leukopenia, marked lymphopenia, in severe cases elevated CRP, procalcitonin, LDH, and D-dimer are commonly found. Typical imaging findings include multifocal peripherally distributed ground-glass opacities or consolidations, interlobular septal thickening, crazy paving appearance and cystic changes. The overall case fatality rate is estimated to range from 1 to 3 %, however, it is dependent on age and underlying medical comorbidities. Current potential treatment options include hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and convalescent plasma.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronaviruses, pneumonia,
• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus * MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• koronavirové infekce diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• virová pneumonie diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Most studies on the coronavirus pandemic focus on clinical aspects of the COVID-19 disease. However, less attention is paid to other health aspects of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic (risk of infection by virus together with associated measures taken to combat it), and the occurrence of a wide range of psychosomatic symptoms and to explore if there is any factor that plays a role in this association. We collected data from a sample of Czech adults (n = 1431) and measured the occurrence of nine health complaints, respondents' experience during the pandemic and sociodemographic characteristics. The results showed associations between the coronavirus pandemic and increased psychosomatic symptoms and negative emotions. We further found higher risks of increased health complaints in younger people and women. It is also possible that there is higher risk of increased health complaints for respondents with secondary school education, students, and highly spiritual people, but this relationship has to be further investigated. In contrast, respondents with their highest achieved education level being secondary school graduation had a lower risk of increased frequency of stomach-ache. We also found that more negative emotions could increase the frequency of health complaints. Our findings suggest that the coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures could have a significant influence on the prevalence of health complaints and emotional state.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, coronavirus pandemic, health complaints, psychosomatic symptoms,
• MeSH
• Coronavirus * MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• koronavirové infekce * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Infection with a new type of coronavirus surprised with the diversity of its clinical symptoms. The disease may be asymptomatic, with only mild symptoms in the form of olfactory loss, general weakness or flu-like symptoms. However, in some patients, COVID-19 infection can be severe, with hypercoagulation being a common finding, with vascular endothelial damage and the consequent risk of venous and arterial thrombotic complications. Coa-gulopathy subsequently significantly worsens the prognosis of patients and increases overall mortality. Recently, a new term has been introduced to indicate the presence of activated hemostasis in SARS-CoV-2 infection - coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 (CAC). The current global pandemic of COVID-19 has triggered intensive research on the disease, which has clarified a number of findings about the infection, but we still have many unanswered questions, especially regarding possible treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Coagulopathy, D-dimers, Heparin, heparine, immuno-trombosis, liver cirrhosis,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• koagulopatie * etiologie   MeSH
• koronavirové infekce * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This scoping review summarizes evidence regarding the impact of civic and community engagement of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing that the global pandemic not only brought challenges but also new opportunities to take a stance and to actively engage in communities and society, this review assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people's civic engagement across different cultural contexts and identifies key factors and processes that enable young people to engage with their community or society at large. We summarize evidence from 27 original research papers, one thought piece, and four reports conducted by global organizations such as the United Nations and OECD. Relevant research was conducted in the United States, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, South Africa, and New Zealand, addressing the development of leadership skills, civic responsibility, critical consciousness, civic and community engagement, as well as social integration. Key factors that facilitated civic engagement include national investments in online learning facilities, support for basic needs (such as education, health, and employment), and promotion and encouragement of local initiatives. The studies differed in their focus depending on the socio-cultural context encountered and future research needs to consider cultural variations and different demands on young people to inform effective practices for supporting young people's active engagement in society.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID‐19, civic engagement, positive youth development, scoping review,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• sociální odpovědnost MeSH
• účast komunity MeSH
• vůdcovství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on medical care. This study evaluated the influence of the pandemic on blood pressure (BP) control and hypertension phenotypes as assessed by office and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected from 33 centers including Excellence Centers of the European Society of Hypertension. Two groups of patients with treated hypertension were compared. Pandemic group: including participants who had ABPM twice - at visit 2 during the COVID-19 pandemic and visit 1 performed 9-15 months prior to visit 2. Pre-pandemic group: had ABPM at two visits, performed before the pandemic within 9-15 months interval. We determined the following hypertension phenotypes: masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, sustained controlled hypertension (SCH) and sustained uncontrolled hypertension (SUCH). We analyzed the prevalence of phenotypes and their changes between visits. RESULTS: Data of 1419 patients, 616 (43 %) in the pandemic group and 803 (57 %) in the pre-pandemic group, were analyzed. At baseline (visit 1), the prevalence of hypertension phenotypes did not differ between groups. In the pandemic group, the change in hypertension phenotypes between two visits was not significant (p = 0.08). In contrast, in the pre-pandemic group, the prevalence of SCH increased during follow-up (28.8 % vs 38.4 %, p < 0.01) while the prevalence of SUCH decreased (34.2 % vs 27.8 %, p < 0.01). In multivariable adjusted analysis, the only factor influencing negative changes of hypertension phenotypes was the COVID-19 pandemic period. CONCLUSION: These results indicate a negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on BP control assessed by hypertension phenotypes.

• Klíčová slova
• Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Antihypertensive treatment, Covid-19 pandemic, Hypertension, Hypertension phenotypes,
• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování krevního tlaku * MeSH
• antihypertenziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   MeSH
• fenotyp * MeSH
• hypertenze * epidemiologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maskovaná hypertenze epidemiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syndrom bílého pláště epidemiologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antihypertenziva MeSH

This comprehensive review aims to explain the potential impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on mental wellbeing of healthcare professionals (HCPs). Based on up-to-date research and psychological diagnostic manuals of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition and International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision, we describe associated psychological disorders and experiences that may arise related to COVID-19. Appropriate psychological measures are introduced, along with potential methodological limitations. Lastly, resilience building and preventative measures with interventions that may mitigate the impact on mental health of HCPs are described.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19 pandemic, burnout syndrome, healthcare practitioners, mental health, post-traumatic stress,
• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus * MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• koronavirové infekce psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• profesionální vyhoření epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• virová pneumonie psychologie   MeSH
• zdravotnický personál psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIMS: To investigate changes in alcohol consumption during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe as well as its associations with income and experiences of distress related to the pandemic. DESIGN: Cross-sectional on-line survey conducted between 24 April and 22 July 2020. SETTING: Twenty-one European countries. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 31 964 adults reporting past-year drinking. MEASUREMENTS: Changes in alcohol consumption were measured by asking respondents about changes over the previous month in their drinking frequency, the quantity they consumed and incidence of heavy episodic drinking events. Individual indicators were combined into an aggregated consumption-change score and scaled to a possible range of -1 to +1. Using this score as the outcome, multi-level linear regressions tested changes in overall drinking, taking into account sampling weights and baseline alcohol consumption [Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C)] and country of residence serving as random intercept. Similar models were conducted for each single consumption-change indicator. FINDINGS: The aggregated consumption-change score indicated an average decrease in alcohol consumption of -0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.18, -0.10]. Statistically significant decreases in consumption were found in all countries, except Ireland (-0.08, 95% CI = -0.17, 0.01) and the United Kingdom (+0.10, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.17). Decreases in drinking were mainly driven by a reduced frequency of heavy episodic drinking events (-0.17, 95% CI = -0.20, -0.14). Declines in consumption were less marked among those with low- or average incomes and those experiencing distress. CONCLUSIONS: On average, alcohol consumption appears to have declined during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Both reduced availability of alcohol and increased distress may have affected consumption, although the former seems to have had a greater impact in terms of immediate effects.

• Klíčová slova
• Alcohol consumption, COVID-19 pandemic, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, drinking, public health crisis,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from China, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than five milion deaths worldwide. Several studies have elucidated the role of risk factors in the prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the progression of COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review assesses the link between COVID-19 and cardiovascular risk factors, and investigates the prognosis in the case of myocardial injury. METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify relevant articles in Pubmed, MEDLINE, Elsevier, and Google Scholar the last two years using the terms: COVID-19, CVD, risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, SARS-CoV-2, lockdown, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Exclusion criteria were the studies associated with pediatric and pregnant COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: After screening through 3071 articles, 10 studies were included in this review that captured the findings from 3912 participants. Included studies found that preexisting CVD was linked to worse outcomes and increased risk of death in patients with COVID-19, whereas COVID-19 itself also induced myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were associated with intensive care unit admission and poor prognosis. Cardiovascular risk factors are crucial for the progression of COVID-19, and infected patients should be constantly monitored and follow strict hygiene and decrease their social interactions.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Cardiovascular disease, Cardiovascular risk factors, Coronavirus disease pandemic, Epidemiology, Prognosis, Risk factors, SARS-CoV-2, Systematic review,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• kontrola infekčních nemocí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

COVID-19 pandemic has massive impact on the whole world, lead to the death of milions of people and required excessive restrictions with large economical, psychological and other impacts. Post-COVID syndrome is defined according to the Czech pneumological and phtizeological society as a complex of symptoms persisting for more than 12 weeks from the acute stage of COVID-19 and which is not possible to explain by other causes. Exact pathopysiological mechanisms and its frequency are still not known, and the data from the literature are not consisent. We present case reports of 2 patients with very different disease and convalescence course. COVID-19 and post-COVID syndrome represent large space for the further research. The prediction of the persisting limitations and other consequencies of the diseases is still not possible. Even though there is usualy higher incidence of post-COVID symptoms in patients surviving severe COVID-19 course, the presented case reports show paradoxically exactly the oposite situation.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, case reports, post‑COVID,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and obesity which are themselves influenced by environmental stressors. The mechanisms of these interactions deserve additional scrutiny. Both the pandemic and the social response to the disease have elicited an array of behavioural and societal changes that may remain long after the pandemic and that may have long term health effects including on mental health. Recovery plans are currently being discussed or implemented and the environmental and health impacts of those plans are not clearly foreseen. Clearly, COVID-19 will have a long-lasting impact on the environmental health field and will open new research perspectives and policy needs.

• Klíčová slova
• Biodiversity, Chemicals, Climate, SARS-COV-2, Transformational change, Urbanization,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH