BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crohn's disease is a multifactorial inflammatory disease affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract. The genetic factors that are involved in the disease include mainly three mutations of the gene NOD2/CARD15 (R702W, G908R, 3020insC). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of these variants and disease phenotype. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 70 patients with Crohn's disease were examined for the presence of the above-mentioned mutations. The researchers used the medical records to retrospectively obtain clinical data and together with the information obtained prospectively according to the protocol they analysed the connection between gene mutations and disease phenotype. RESULTS: At least one mutation was found in 22 patients with Crohn's disease (32%), four patients were found to have two different mutations (composed heterozygotes - 6%) and six patients (9%) were homozygotes for the 3020insC gene. No significant differences were found between the groups with wild-type form and the mutated form of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene with respect to age at the time of diagnosis, form of the disease or localization according to the Montreal classification. CONCLUSION: Mutations of the NOD2 / CARD15 gene did not significantly affect the frequency of reoperations, homozygotes with 3020insC gene mutations, however, represented a high risk group. The phenotype was not related significantly to the presence of the examined mutations.

• Klíčová slova
• Crohn's disease, Montreal classification, NOD/CARD15,
• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc genetika   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• homozygot MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• signální adaptorový protein Nod2 genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• NOD2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• signální adaptorový protein Nod2 MeSH

In this paper the problem of Crohn's disease incidence among the nearest relatives is discussed. Within a short period of time a daughter, a son and their mother had to undergo an operation successively.

• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ILEITIS, REGIONAL *,
• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * MeSH
• ileitida * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Children and adolescents with Crohn's disease (CD) present often with a more complicated disease course compared to adult patients. In addition, the potential impact of CD on growth, pubertal and emotional development of patients underlines the need for a specific management strategy of pediatric-onset CD. To develop the first evidenced based and consensus driven guidelines for pediatric-onset CD an expert panel of 33 IBD specialists was formed after an open call within the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterolog, Hepatology and Nutrition. The aim was to base on a thorough review of existing evidence a state of the art guidance on the medical treatment and long term management of children and adolescents with CD, with individualized treatment algorithms based on a benefit-risk analysis according to different clinical scenarios. In children and adolescents who did not have finished their growth, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the induction therapy of first choice due to its excellent safety profile, preferable over corticosteroids, which are equipotential to induce remission. The majority of patients with pediatric-onset CD require immunomodulator based maintenance therapy. The experts discuss several factors potentially predictive for poor disease outcome (such as severe perianal fistulizing disease, severe stricturing/penetrating disease, severe growth retardation, panenteric disease, persistent severe disease despite adequate induction therapy), which may incite to an anti-TNF-based top down approach. These guidelines are intended to give practical (whenever possible evidence-based) answers to (pediatric) gastroenterologists who take care of children and adolescents with CD; they are not meant to be a rule or legal standard, since many different clinical scenario exist requiring treatment strategies not covered by or different from these guidelines.

• Klíčová slova
• Crohn's disease, Guidelines, Medical therapy, Pediatric,
• MeSH
• adalimumab MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní terapeutické užití   MeSH
• azathioprin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• enterální výživa * MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• indukce remise metody   MeSH
• infliximab MeSH
• kyseliny aminosalicylové terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• merkaptopurin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• methotrexát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• thalidomid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• udržovací chemoterapie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adalimumab MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
• azathioprin MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• infliximab MeSH
• kyseliny aminosalicylové MeSH
• merkaptopurin MeSH
• methotrexát MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• thalidomid MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

PURPOSE: Children diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) often undergo ileocecal resection (ICR) during childhood. Anastomotic recurrence is a frequent finding following this procedure. Data addressing the effect of the anastomosis type on disease recurrence are scarce in the pediatric population. The Kono-S anastomosis has shown promise in reducing endoscopic, clinical, and surgical recurrence rates in adults. We aimed to report our experience with Kono-S anastomosis in children, focusing on its feasibility and postoperative complications. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric CD patients who underwent ICR with Kono-S anastomosis between August 2022 and May 2023. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, surgery, hospitalization, and follow-up including colonoscopy were collected. Complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: Twelve patients (7 females, 58.3%) were included. Six (50%) of the patients had the B3 luminal form of the disease (according to Paris classification). Median surgery duration was 174 (interquartile range [IQR] 161-216) minutes. Anastomosis creation took a median of 62 (IQR, 54.5-71) minutes. Median hospitalization length was 6 (IQR 4-7) days. No short- or mid-term complications were observed. Median follow-up duration was 9.5 (IQR 6.8-12) months. CONCLUSION: According to our results, Kono-S anastomosis is safe and feasible in pediatric CD patients, with no observed postoperative complications. These findings support the potential benefit of using Kono-S anastomosis as a treatment approach in children with CD.

• Klíčová slova
• Crohn’s disease, Endoscopy, Kono-S, Pediatric surgery, Postoperative complication,
• MeSH
• anastomóza chirurgická MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * chirurgie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hypocholesterolemia has been investigated as a typical feature of critical illness and is connected with poor prognosis. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory process and is associated with several metabolic disturbances. In recent decades clinical studies have established a link between lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation. In our study we examined the serum profile of cholesterol (total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol) and changes in the cholesterol absorption/synthesis process by determination of plasma non-cholesterol sterol (squalene, lathosterol, campesterol, sitosterol) concentrations. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and non-cholesterol sterols were evaluated in 24 patients with active Crohn's disease during a period of 28 days. We detected lower serum levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL- and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) in the patients with active Crohn's disease than in the control group. In addition, the patients had significantly lower plasma levels of lathosterol (P < 0.001) and higher concentrations of squalene, although without significant differences. A significant decrease of campesterol plasma levels (P < 0.001) was detected, but lower plasma concentrations of sitosterol were without statistical significance. The active phase of Crohn's disease is characterized by altered metabolism of lipids, mainly of cholesterol. Our results show abnormalities in plasma concentrations of non-cholesterol sterols and provide evidence that the process of cholesterol synthesis and absorption is altered in active Crohn's disease.

• MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• intestinální absorpce fyziologie   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protein-energetická malnutrice krev   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• steroly krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• steroly MeSH

AIM: Detection of possible predictive factors of endoscopic recurrence after ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease could be very beneficial for the individual adjustment of postoperative therapy. The aim of this study was to verify, whether immunohistochemical detection of calprotectin in resection margins is useful in diagnostics of endoscopic recurrence. METHODS: In this study we included pediatric patients with Crohn's disease who underwent ileocecal resection, regardless of pre-operative or post-operative therapy (n=48). We collected laboratory, clinical, surgical, endoscopic and histopathological data at the time of surgery and at 6 months after surgery. The immunohistochemical staining of calprotectin antigen was performed on all paraffin blocks from the resection margins. RESULTS: Out of 48 patients 52% had endoscopic recurrence in the anastomosis (defined by Rutgeerts score) within 6 months after surgery. The number of cells positive for calprotectin in the proximal resection margin was negatively associated with recurrence (P=0.008), as was the elevated level of total calprotectin (from both resection margins). There was no correlation of calprotectin in distal resection margin and endoscopic recurrence. Fecal calprotectin over 100 ug/g (P=0.0005) and high CRP (P<0.001) at 6 months after ileocecal resection and peritonitis (P=0.048) were associated with endoscopic recurrence. CONCLUSION: Approximately half of the patients developed endoscopic recurrence within 6 months after ileocecal resection. The predictive value of tissue calprotectin is questionable, as it is negatively associated with endoscopic recurrence. There are other potentially useful predictors, such as CRP and fecal calprotectin at 6 months after resection and the presence of peritonitis.

• Klíčová slova
• Crohn's disease, calprotectin, pediatric, prediction, recurrence,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• feces MeSH
• kolonoskopie MeSH
• leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peritonitida * MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• resekční okraje MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex MeSH

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing disease. Especially acute period may be associated with metabolic disturbances. Alteration of lipid metabolism has been described in critically ill patients and hypocholesterolemia is associated with poor prognosis. The human organism acquires cholesterol by two principal processes - synthesis de novo, and absorption from the diet. It is possible to assess, using cholesterol synthesis markers (lathosterol) and cholesterol absorption markers (sitosterol, campesterol) the leading form of cholesterol acquisition. AIM: The aim of this study is assess the association between the lipid profile in plasma and the plasma concentration of sterols in active CD patients and in control subjects. METHOD: Routine laboratory tests, CDAI, lipid and non-cholesterol sterols plasma levels were performed on days 3, 14 and 28. The metabolic parameters have been compared with a control cohort of 100 healthy blood donors. RESULTS: Presently, complete data for 8 patients are available The serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were lower in patients with acute Crohn's disease than in the control group. Moreover lathosterol, campesterol and sitosterol concentrations were lower, whereas squalene concentration was higher than in controls. As mentioned above, complete data are not currently available. Therefore statistical analysis has not been finished. CONCLUSION: Our pre-results show substantial abnormalities in the concentrations of plasma lipids and non-cholesterol sterols, which are presented as markers of cholesterol requirement, in patients with acute CD.

• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

PURPOSE: Ileocecal resection (ICR) is the most frequently performed surgery in paediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients. The aim of the study was to compare laparoscopic-assisted and open ICR. METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive CD patients undergoing ICR between March 2014 and December 2021 was performed. The patients were divided into open (OG) and laparoscopic (LG) groups. Compared parameters included patients' demographics, clinical characteristics, surgery, duration of hospitalisation and follow-up. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDc). Risk factors were identified using multivariable analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients (29 females, 46.7%) were included in the analysis, forty-two patients in OG. The median duration of surgery was 130 in OG versus 148 in LG (p = 0.065) minutes. Postoperative complications were reported in 4 patients (12.1%). There was no significant difference in postoperative complications according to CDc (OG 7.14 vs LG 5%, p = 1). The median length of hospitalisation was 8 in OG and 7 days in LG (p = 0.0005). The median length of follow-up was 21.5 months. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic-assisted approach had shorter hospital stay and was not associated with increased risk of 30-day postoperative complications. Laparoscopic surgery should be considered the preferred surgical approach for primary ICR.

• Klíčová slova
• Crohn’s disease, Ileocecal resection, Laparoscopy, Paediatric surgery, Single-incision laparoscopic surgery,
• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * chirurgie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• laparoskopie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Azathioprine [AZA] and mercaptopurine [MP] are recommended for maintenance of steroid-free remission in children with Crohn`s disease [CD]. Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, an idiosyncratic and major side effect, has been considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of a second thiopurine in IBD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe two children with CD in whom MP were successfully trialled after a confirmed azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, being well tolerated in both cases. RESULTS: Two boys [13 and 10 years old] started exclusive enteral nutrition after diagnosis of moderate (Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [wPCDAI] = 45) and mild [wPCDAI = 35] CD. Both developed an acute mild to moderate pancreatitis after 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, of AZA treatment but recovered fully in hospital after AZA withdrawal. They started on MP treatment without any adverse effect. They were tested for the presence of polymorphisms 238G>C, 460G>A, and 719A>G in the TPMT gene and 94C>A and 21>C in the ITPase. Both patients were wild-type for all tested polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: Azathioprine-induced acute pancreatitis should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of MP. Further investigation is required to create a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the adverse events and to allow more possibilities for personalised therapy.

• Klíčová slova
• Crohn′s disease, Thiopurines, azathioprine, children, mercaptopurine, pancreatitis,
• MeSH
• azathioprin škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• merkaptopurin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pankreatitida chemicky indukované   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• azathioprin MeSH
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• merkaptopurin MeSH