Relapse remains a formidable challenge for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recently, recurrent mutations in NT5C2 were identified as a common genomic lesion unique in relapsed ALL and were linked to acquired thiopurine resistance. However, molecular mechanisms by which NT5C2 regulates thiopurine cytotoxicity were incompletely understood. To this end, we sought to comprehensively characterize the biochemical and cellular effects of NT5C2 mutations. Compared with wild-type NT5C2, mutant proteins showed elevated 5'-nucleotidase activity with a stark preference of thiopurine metabolites over endogenous purine nucleotides, suggesting neomorphic effects specific to thiopurine metabolism. Expression of mutant NT5C2 mutations also significantly reduced thiopurine uptake in vitro with concomitant increase in efflux of 6-mercaptopurine (MP) metabolites, plausibly via indirect effects on drug transporter pathways. Finally, intracellular metabolomic profiling revealed significant shifts in nucleotide homeostasis induced by mutant NT5C2 at baseline; MP treatment also resulted in global changes in metabolomic profiles with completely divergent effects in cells with mutant versus wild-type NT5C2. Collectively, our data indicated that NT5C2 mutations alter thiopurine metabolism and cellular disposition, but also influence endogenous nucleotide homeostasis and thiopurine-induced metabolomic response. These complex mechanisms contributed to NT5C2-mediated drug resistance in ALL and pointed to potential opportunities for therapeutic targeting in relapsed ALL.
- MeSH
- 5'-nukleotidasa metabolismus MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie farmakoterapie enzymologie patologie MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- chemorezistence * MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- merkaptopurin chemie farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- metabolomika MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 5'-nukleotidasa MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- NT5C2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
OBJECTIVES: Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine erythrocyte levels is not available in all centers and it usually requires quite a long time to obtain the results. The aims of this study were to build a model predicting low levels of 6-thioguanine and 6-methylmercaptopurine in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and to build a model to predict nonadherence in patients treated with azathioprine (AZA). METHODS: The study consisted of 332 observations in 88 pediatric IBD patients. Low AZA dosing was defined as 6-thioguanine levels <125 pmol/8 × 10 erythrocytes and 6-methylmercaptopurine levels <5700 pmol/8 × 10 erythrocytes. Nonadherence was defined as undetectable levels of 6-thioguanine and 6-methylmercaptopurine <240 pmol/8 × 10 erythrocytes. Data were divided into training and testing part. To construct the model predicting low 6-thioguanine levels, nonadherence, and the level of 6-thioguanine, the modification of random forest method with cross-validation and resampling was used. RESULTS: The final models predicting low 6-thioguanine levels and nonadherence had area under the curve, 0.87 and 0.94; sensitivity, 0.81 and 0.82; specificity, 0.80 and 86; and distance, 0.31 and 0.21, respectively, when applied on the testing part of the dataset. When the final model for prediction of 6-thioguanine values was applied on testing dataset, a root-mean-square error of 110 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Using easily obtained laboratory parameters, we constructed a model with sufficient accuracy to predict patients with low 6-thioguanine levels and a model for prediction of AZA treatment nonadherence (web applications: https://hradskyo.shinyapps.io/6TG_prediction/ and https://hradskyo.shinyapps.io/Non_adherence/).
- MeSH
- adherence k farmakoterapii * MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- erytrocyty metabolismus MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty krev farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- merkaptopurin aplikace a dávkování analogy a deriváty farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monitorování léčiv MeSH
- plocha pod křivkou MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- thioguanin metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azathiopurine MeSH Prohlížeč
- imunosupresiva MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- thioguanin MeSH
BACKGROUND: Azathioprine [AZA] and mercaptopurine [MP] are recommended for maintenance of steroid-free remission in children with Crohn`s disease [CD]. Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, an idiosyncratic and major side effect, has been considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of a second thiopurine in IBD patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe two children with CD in whom MP were successfully trialled after a confirmed azathioprine-induced pancreatitis, being well tolerated in both cases. RESULTS: Two boys [13 and 10 years old] started exclusive enteral nutrition after diagnosis of moderate (Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [wPCDAI] = 45) and mild [wPCDAI = 35] CD. Both developed an acute mild to moderate pancreatitis after 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, of AZA treatment but recovered fully in hospital after AZA withdrawal. They started on MP treatment without any adverse effect. They were tested for the presence of polymorphisms 238G>C, 460G>A, and 719A>G in the TPMT gene and 94C>A and 21>C in the ITPase. Both patients were wild-type for all tested polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: Azathioprine-induced acute pancreatitis should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for the use of MP. Further investigation is required to create a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the adverse events and to allow more possibilities for personalised therapy.
- Klíčová slova
- Crohn′s disease, Thiopurines, azathioprine, children, mercaptopurine, pancreatitis,
- MeSH
- azathioprin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pankreatitida chemicky indukované MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azathioprin MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
Children and adolescents with Crohn's disease (CD) present often with a more complicated disease course compared to adult patients. In addition, the potential impact of CD on growth, pubertal and emotional development of patients underlines the need for a specific management strategy of pediatric-onset CD. To develop the first evidenced based and consensus driven guidelines for pediatric-onset CD an expert panel of 33 IBD specialists was formed after an open call within the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation and the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterolog, Hepatology and Nutrition. The aim was to base on a thorough review of existing evidence a state of the art guidance on the medical treatment and long term management of children and adolescents with CD, with individualized treatment algorithms based on a benefit-risk analysis according to different clinical scenarios. In children and adolescents who did not have finished their growth, exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the induction therapy of first choice due to its excellent safety profile, preferable over corticosteroids, which are equipotential to induce remission. The majority of patients with pediatric-onset CD require immunomodulator based maintenance therapy. The experts discuss several factors potentially predictive for poor disease outcome (such as severe perianal fistulizing disease, severe stricturing/penetrating disease, severe growth retardation, panenteric disease, persistent severe disease despite adequate induction therapy), which may incite to an anti-TNF-based top down approach. These guidelines are intended to give practical (whenever possible evidence-based) answers to (pediatric) gastroenterologists who take care of children and adolescents with CD; they are not meant to be a rule or legal standard, since many different clinical scenario exist requiring treatment strategies not covered by or different from these guidelines.
- Klíčová slova
- Crohn's disease, Guidelines, Medical therapy, Pediatric,
- MeSH
- adalimumab MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní terapeutické užití MeSH
- azathioprin terapeutické užití MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc terapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- enterální výživa * MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- indukce remise metody MeSH
- infliximab MeSH
- kyseliny aminosalicylové terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- thalidomid terapeutické užití MeSH
- TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- udržovací chemoterapie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adalimumab MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní MeSH
- azathioprin MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
- infliximab MeSH
- kyseliny aminosalicylové MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- methotrexát MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- thalidomid MeSH
- TNF-alfa MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with decreased thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity are at risk of adverse effects of thiopurine administration whereas its increased activity may inactivate drugs faster. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with suspected hematological malignancies and inflammatory bowel disease from our region based on findings of nonlinear TPMT enzyme kinetics previously unreported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 267 individuals. They were screened for the most common variants of low TPMT activity. TPMT activity was measured in erythrocytes using the HPLC rate-blanked method. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (12.4%) were heterozygous (26 were TPMT*1/*3A, 5 TPMT*1/*2, 2 TPMT *1/*3C) and 1 was a compound heterozygote (*2/*3A). Normal and low normal TPMT activities substantially overlapped in wild-type and heterozygous individuals, whereas high activities were found in 29 wild-type genotyped patients. Extreme and life-threatening toxicity was observed in the compound heterozygote patient. CONCLUSION: Activity measurement performed at diagnosis provides clinicians with information on immediate pharmacokinetic-related adverse events and/or hypermetabolism, and genotyping may indicate the rate of pharmacodynamic thioguanine nucleotide accumulation due to slower overall thiopurine metabolism.
- MeSH
- asparaginasa terapeutické užití MeSH
- cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytarabin terapeutické užití MeSH
- daunomycin terapeutické užití MeSH
- erytrocytární membrána enzymologie MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfoblastická leukemie-lymfom z prekurzorových T-buněk farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- methyltransferasy nedostatek genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- prednison terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- vinkristin terapeutické užití MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- asparaginasa MeSH
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- cytarabin MeSH
- daunomycin MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- methotrexát MeSH
- methyltransferasy MeSH
- prednison MeSH
- thiopurine methyltransferase MeSH Prohlížeč
- vinkristin MeSH
This study was designed to assess the predictive value of an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyl] tetrazolium bromide) in vitro assay for the evaluation of leukemic cell resistance/sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs, and to compare these results with clinical and laboratory parameters in cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).The chemoresistance of leukemic cells was ascertained by means of an MTT assay in 32 previously untreated children with ALL. The children were treated using the protocol ALL-BFM 90. Statistical correlations were made between in vitro drug resistance to anti-cancer drugs: prednisolone (PRED), vincristine (VCR),daunorubicin (DNR), etoposide (VP-16) and cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and in vivo clinical and laboratory parameters: age, sex, risk factor (RF), leukocytes (WBC)and absolute number of blast cells (BC) at diagnosis (BC0), BC at day 8 (BC8), the percentage of blast cells in bone marrow at day 15 (BM15) and at day 33 (BM33),and leukocyte surface antigens CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD20, HLADR.
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie farmakoterapie MeSH
- asparaginasa terapeutické užití MeSH
- barvicí látky MeSH
- chemorezistence * MeSH
- cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytarabin terapeutické užití MeSH
- daunomycin terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- indukce remise MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prednison terapeutické užití MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
- thiazoly MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- vinkristin terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- asparaginasa MeSH
- barvicí látky MeSH
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- cytarabin MeSH
- daunomycin MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- methotrexát MeSH
- prednison MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
- thiazoly MeSH
- thiazolyl blue MeSH Prohlížeč
- vinkristin MeSH
BACKGROUND: Prognosis of children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)--the most common cancer in childhood, has improved remarkably over the last 40 years. The authors report the treatment outcome in children with ALL cured according to ALL-BFM 90 Study protocol in the Czech Republic during the first half of nineties. METHODS AND RESULTS: Children aged 0-18 years were included into the study in 10 centers between 1990 to 1996. Patients were classified into standard-risk (SR), medium-risk (MR) and high-risk (HR) group according to initial leukaemic burden, early treatment response, and genotype of leukaemia. Duration of the chemotherapy was two years. Treatment results were evaluated in 352 children. With a median follow-up of 7.3 years, event-free-survival (EFS) was 71.3% and overall survival 76.4%. EFS was 80.3%, 74% and 28.2% in SR, MR and HR group, respectively. Relapse was diagnosed in 17.8% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment outcome of children with ALL improved significantly (p = 0.0045) compared to the previous study ALL-BFM 83 (EFS 62%). These results are comparable to those achieved by leading leukaemia study groups in the world.
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- asparaginasa terapeutické užití MeSH
- cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytarabin terapeutické užití MeSH
- daunomycin terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prednison terapeutické užití MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- vinkristin terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- asparaginasa MeSH
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- cytarabin MeSH
- daunomycin MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- methotrexát MeSH
- prednison MeSH
- vinkristin MeSH
The cancerostatic effect of 6-purinyl-N-(2-chloroethyl)thiocarbamate (Cloturin VUFB, VUFB-15686) was studied in detail in mice and rats bearing transplantable tumors. The cytotoxic activities were measured by determining the incorporation rate of 5-iodo-2'-deoxy[6-3H]uridine and uniformly labeled [U-14C]amino acid mixture into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble fraction of Yoshida ascites reticulosarcoma cells during a short-term incubation with the drug. From the results obtained it follows that the new substance is therapeutically more effective in comparison with 6-mercaptopurine (NSC-755). A therapeutic synergism of Cloturin with cytosine arabinoside (NSC-63978) was observed.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytarabin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- difúzní velkobuněčný B-lymfom farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- DNA nádorová biosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- experimentální nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- hořčičné sloučeniny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- melanom experimentální farmakoterapie MeSH
- merkaptopurin aplikace a dávkování analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- RNA nádorová biosyntéza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antitumorózní látky MeSH
- Cloturin MeSH Prohlížeč
- cytarabin MeSH
- DNA nádorová MeSH
- hořčičné sloučeniny MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- RNA nádorová MeSH
- MeSH
- antagonisté serotoninu terapeutické užití MeSH
- antihistaminika terapeutické užití MeSH
- aorta patologie MeSH
- arterioskleróza farmakoterapie etiologie patologie MeSH
- hypercholesterolemie komplikace MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- sérový albumin hovězí imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antagonisté serotoninu MeSH
- antihistaminika MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- sérový albumin hovězí MeSH
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- azathioprin terapeutické užití MeSH
- cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití MeSH
- daktinomycin terapeutické užití MeSH
- demekolcin terapeutické užití MeSH
- encefalomyelitida autoimunitní experimentální farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- merkaptopurin terapeutické užití MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antitumorózní látky MeSH
- azathioprin MeSH
- cyklofosfamid MeSH
- daktinomycin MeSH
- demekolcin MeSH
- imunosupresiva MeSH
- merkaptopurin MeSH
- methotrexát MeSH