We present an integrative molecular and morphological study of subaquatic representatives of the genus Pseudohygrohypnum (Pylaisiaceae, Bryophyta), supplemented by distribution modelling of the revealed phylogenetic lineages. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear and plastid datasets combined with the assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP) algorithm revealed eight distinct species within the traditionally circumscribed P. eugyrium and P. subeugyrium. These species are therefore yet another example of seemingly widely distributed taxa that harbour molecularly well-differentiated lineages with narrower distribution ranges. Studied accessions that were previously assigned to P. eugyrium form three clearly allopatric lineages, associated with temperate regions of Europe, eastern North America and eastern Asia. Remarkably, accessions falling under the current morphological concept of P. subeugyrium were shown to be even more diverse, containing five phylogenetic lineages. Three of these lineages occur under harsh Asian continental climates from cool-temperate to Arctic regions, while the remaining two, referred to P. subeugyrium s.str. and P. purpurascens, have more oceanic North Atlantic and East Asian distributions. Niche identity and similarity tests suggested no similarity in the distributions of the phylogenetically related lineages but revealed the identity of two East Asian species and the similarity of two pairs of unrelated species. A morphological survey confirmed the distinctness of all eight phylogenetic lineages, requiring the description of five new species. Pseudohygrohypnum appalachianum and P. orientale are described for North American and East Asian plants of P. eugyrium s.l., while P. sibiricum, P. subarcticum and P. neglectum are described for the three continental, predominantly Asian lineages of P. subeugyrium s.l. Our results highlight the importance of nontropical Asia as a center of bryophyte diversity. Phylogenic dating suggests that the diversification of subaquatic Pseudohygrohypnum lineages appeared in late Miocene, while mesophilous species of the genus split before Miocene cooling, in climatic conditions close to those where the ancestor of Pseudohygrohypnum appeared. We speculate that radiation of the P. subeugyrium complex in temperate Asia might have been driven by progressive cooling, aridification, and increases in seasonality, temperature and humidity gradients. Our results parallel those of several integrative taxonomic studies of North Asian mosses, which have resulted in a number of newly revealed species. These include various endemics from continental areas of Asia suggesting that the so-called Rapoport's rule of low diversity and wide distribution range in subpolar regions might not be applicable to bryophytes. Rather, the strong climatic oscillations in these regions may have served as a driving force of speciation and niche divergence.

• Klíčová slova
• Allopatry, Biogeography, Cryptic diversity, Disjunctive distribution, Hypnales, ITS, North Asia, Species distribution model, trnS-trnF,
• MeSH
• Bryophyta * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• mechy * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Dálný východ MeSH

Octosporaconidiophora is described as a new species, based on collections from South Africa. It is characterised by apothecia with a distinct margin, smooth or finely warted ellipsoid ascospores, stiff, thick-walled hyaline hairs, warted mycelial hyphae and growth on pleurocarpous mosses Trichosteleumperchlorosum and Sematophyllumbrachycarpum (Hypnales) on decaying wood in afromontane forests. It is the first species of bryophilous Pezizales in which an anamorph has been observed; it produces long, claviform, curved, hyaline and transversely septate conidia. Three other cryptic species of Octospora were detected using three molecular markers (LSU and SSU nrDNA and EF1α), but these could not be distinguished phenotypically. These are not described formally here and an informal species aggregate O.conidiophora agg. is established for them. The new species and finds of Lamprosporacampylopodis growing on Campylopuspyriformis and Neottiellaalbocincta on Atrichumandrogynum represent the first records of bryophilous Pezizales in South Africa.

• Klíčová slova
• Sematophyllum, Trichosteleum, Afromontane forests, South Africa, bryosymbionts, conidia, cryptic biodiversity, muscicolous parasites,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Bryophytes represent a very diverse group of non-vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts and the oldest extant lineage of land plants. Determination of endogenous phytohormone profiles in bryophytes can provide substantial information about early land plant evolution. In this study, we screened thirty bryophyte species including six liverworts and twenty-four mosses for their phytohormone profiles in order to relate the hormonome with phylogeny in the plant kingdom. METHODOLOGY: Samples belonging to nine orders (Pelliales, Jungermanniales, Porellales, Sphagnales, Tetraphidales, Polytrichales, Dicranales, Bryales, Hypnales) were collected in Central and Northern Bohemia. The phytohormone content was analysed with a high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: As revealed for growth hormones, some common traits such as weak conjugation of both cytokinins and auxins, intensive production of cisZ-type cytokinins and strong oxidative degradation of auxins with abundance of a major primary catabolite 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid were pronounced in all bryophytes. Whereas apparent dissimilarities in growth hormones profiles between liverworts and mosses were evident, no obvious trends in stress hormone levels (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid) were found with respect to the phylogeny. CONCLUSION: The apparent differences in conjugation and/or degradation strategies of growth hormones between liverworts and mosses might potentially show a hidden link between vascular plants and liverworts. On the other hand, the complement of stress hormones in bryophytes probably correlate rather with prevailing environmental conditions and plant survival strategy than with plant evolution.

• MeSH
• Bryophyta klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklopentany analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokininy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací MeSH
• kyselina abscisová analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina salicylová analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxindoly MeSH
• oxylipiny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• cyklopentany MeSH
• cytokininy MeSH
• jasmonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyselina abscisová MeSH
• kyselina salicylová MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
• oxindoly MeSH
• oxylipiny MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH