BACKGROUND: The correct methodology of thrombelastography might be influenced by elapsing time. In our study we investigated kaolin activated citrated samples together with non-activated citrated samples in relation to the elapsed times of 0, 15 and 30 minutes to compare both methods and to find out if there is an impact of time on results of thrombelastography. METHODS: Blood samples obtained from 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed after 0, 15 and 30 minutes from sampling with kaolin activation and without activation. Then the results were analysed and compared between the non-activated and the kaolin-activated method. RESULTS: All blood samples became more hypercoagulable with the time elapsing, both in non-activated and kaolin-activated samples and differences between both groups were found statistically and clinically significant after only 0 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The non-activated citrated method seems to be reliable and suitable for thrombelastography in non-emergency cases (planned surgical procedures) when we have time to wait 15-30 minutes to get results. In urgent situations a rapid thrombelastography test should be preferred. Although the kaolin-activated method can also be used, results must be interpreted with caution.
- MeSH
- Analysis of Variance MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Citrates pharmacology MeSH
- Kaolin pharmacology MeSH
- Coagulants pharmacology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Blood Specimen Collection methods MeSH
- Thrombelastography methods MeSH
- Healthy Volunteers MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Clinical Trial MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Citrates MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
- Coagulants MeSH
In the presented work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB-based composites for 3D printing as bio-sourced and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic plastics are characterized. The PHB matrix was modified by polylactide (PLA) and plasticized by tributyl citrate. Kaolin particles were used as a filler. The mathematical method "Design of Experiment" (DoE) was used to create a matrix of samples for further evaluation. Firstly, the optimal printing temperature of the first and upper layers was determined. Secondly, the 3D printed samples were tested with regards to the warping during the 3D printing. Testing specimens were prepared using the determined optimal printing conditions to measure the tensile properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the samples. The results describe the effect of adding individual components (PHB, PLA, plasticizer, and filler) in the prepared composite sample on the resulting material properties. Two composite samples were prepared based on the theoretical results of DoE (one with the maximum printability and one with the maximum HDT) to compare them with the real data measured. The tests of these two composite samples showed 25% lower warping and 8.9% higher HDT than was expected by the theory.
- Keywords
- 3D printing, Design of Experiment, FDM, PHB, composite, kaolin,
- MeSH
- Printing, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
- Kaolin * MeSH
- Polyesters MeSH
- Excipients MeSH
- Hot Temperature MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Kaolin * MeSH
- Polyesters MeSH
- Excipients MeSH
- Keywords
- ALUMINUM *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, KAOLIN *, LIVER *, LUNG *, LYMPH NODES *, PATHOLOGY *, PERITONEUM *, RATS *, SILICA *, SILICOSIS *, SPLEEN *, TOXICOLOGIC REPORT *,
- MeSH
- Aluminum * MeSH
- Liver * MeSH
- Kaolin * MeSH
- Rats * MeSH
- Lymph Nodes * MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide * MeSH
- Pathology * MeSH
- Peritoneum * MeSH
- Lung * MeSH
- Silicosis * MeSH
- Spleen * MeSH
- Toxicology * MeSH
- Research * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats * MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Aluminum * MeSH
- Kaolin * MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide * MeSH
Drought is one of the most emerging threat that causes a severe reduction in cotton plant growth and development. Being cotton is a major cash crop has great threat to prevailing drought events in Pakistan. A field experiment was conducted in Kharif season 2018 at Research Area of MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan to assess the role of foliar applied kaolin and jasmonic acid on vegetative growth, gas exchange and reproductive traits of cotton under normal irrigated and artificial water deficit conditions. The experiment was laid -out in a factorial randomized complete block design with split - split plot arrangement. Main plots were allocated for irrigation levels, sub-plots for two -cotton genotypes viz. NIAB - 878 and SLH - 19 while sub - sub plots for treatments of kaolin and Jasmonic acid. Water deficit stress was created by skipping irrigation at flowering for 21 days. Foliar sprays of Kaolin (5%, w/v) and Jasmonic acid (100 μM) were applied alone or in combination at 60 days after planntinon both to normal irrigated and water-stresse skip irrigation while irrigation water alone was sprayed in control plots. Both cotton genotypes responded variably to normal irrigated and skip conditions. Skipping irrigation for up to 21 days at flowering caused a significant decrease in leaf relative water content, SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate and seed cotton yield in both the genotypes. Seed cotton yield showed an overall decline of 24.7% in skip over Normal irrigated crop. The genotype NIAB - 878 produced maximum seed cotton yield of 3.304 Mg ha-1 in normal that dropped to 2.579 Mg ha-1 in skip, thus showing an average decline of 21.9 %. Similarly, SLH - 19 produced 2.537 Mg ha-1 seed cotton under normal that dropped to 1.822 Mg ha-1 in skip, showing an average decline of 28.2%. The Application of Kaolin and JA Jasmonic acid, either applied individually or in combination, improved vegetative and reproductive development of both cotton varieties in normal and skip regimes. However, combined kaolin and Jasmonic Acid application proved to be more beneficial in terms of seed cotton production and other parameters studied.
- Keywords
- Cotton, Gas exchange characteristics, Jasmonic acid, Kaolin, Water stress, Yield,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Diffusion MeSH
- Extracellular Space physiology MeSH
- Ganglionic Stimulants MeSH
- Hydrocephalus chemically induced pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Cerebral Ventricles pathology physiopathology MeSH
- Antidiarrheals MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Ganglionic Stimulants MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds MeSH
- Antidiarrheals MeSH
- tetramethylammonium MeSH Browser
Experiments were carried out to monitor the equilibrium distribution of lead, cadmium and copper between an aqueous phase modelling natural water and a solid phase modelling natural sediment, under varying conditions. The aqueous phase was analysed using ETAAS and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), whereas XRD and FTIR were used to study the solid phase. Sorption isotherms at constant pH were measured. Conditional distribution constants were calculated as functions of the pH, the time of equilibration and the amount of solid material. The results obtained stress the need for standardization of the approaches to the study of water-sediment interactions in order to be able to evaluate and compare the extensive data from field measurements and to predict these interactions.
- MeSH
- Bentonite metabolism MeSH
- Geologic Sediments chemistry MeSH
- Cadmium analysis pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Kaolin metabolism MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Water Pollutants analysis pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Copper analysis pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring MeSH
- Lead analysis pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Reference Values MeSH
- Models, Theoretical MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Bentonite MeSH
- Cadmium MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
- Water Pollutants MeSH
- Copper MeSH
- Lead MeSH
The bacterial anode in microbial fuel cells was modified by increasing the biofilm's adhesion to the anode material using kaolin and graphite nanoparticles. The MFCs were inoculated with G. sulfurreducens, kaolin (12.5 g·L-1), and three different concentrations of graphite (0.25, 1.25, and 2.5 g·L-1). The modified anode with the graphite nanoparticles (1.25 g·L-1) showed the highest electroactivity and biofilm viability. A potential of 0.59, 0.45, and 0.23 V and a power density of 0.54 W·m-2, 0.3 W·m-2, and 0.2 W·m-2 were obtained by the MFCs based on kaolin-graphite nanoparticles, kaolin, and bare anodes, respectively. The kaolin-graphite anode exhibited the highest Coulombic efficiency (21%) compared with the kaolin (17%) and the bare (14%) anodes. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a large amount of biofilm on the kaolin-graphite anode. We assume that the graphite nanoparticles increased the charge transfer between the bacteria that are in the biofilm and are far from the anode material. The addition of kaolin and graphite nanoparticles increased the attachment of several bacteria. Thus, for MFCs that are fed with wastewater, the modified anode should be prepared with a pure culture of G. sulfurreducens before adding wastewater that includes non-exoelectrogenic bacteria.
- Keywords
- Geobacter sulfurreducens, graphite nanoparticles, immobilized anodes, kaolin, microbial fuel cell,
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
A quantitative model of stasis-type of venous thrombosis in rats is described. The ligated bowel loop was used after provocation by an injection of kaolin. The mesenteric vessels of the loop were cut in a dish filled with distilled water and the extinction of escaped haemoglobin was measured photometrically. Heparin was highly effective in this model. Vessel wall lesion may be used or inducing thrombosis instead of kaolin.
- MeSH
- Acute Disease MeSH
- Hemoglobins analysis MeSH
- Heparin therapeutic use MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Ligation MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Thrombophlebitis blood drug therapy MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Hemoglobins MeSH
- Heparin MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
A young adult black female, known to be a prostitute and suspected of smuggling narcotics, was found dead in her apartment in a state of early decomposition. Oval-shaped gray-white masses of exogenous origin protruded from the anus. The autopsy showed dilatation of the folds of the large intestine, which were almost completely filled with these oval-shaped gray-white masses of foreign material. The uterus was enlarged with multiple large leiomyomas. Toxicological tests of blood and the foreign material revealed no toxicologically relevant substances. Kaolin was detected in a sample of the foreign material from the large intestine. The immediate cause of death was intestinal obstruction due to the formation of a kaolin bezoar with simultaneous compression of the large intestine by the enlarged myomatous uterus. Subsequent revelation of a habit the deceased had brought from her native country led to the conclusion that this exotic custom was responsible for her death.
- Keywords
- bezoar, forensic pathology, forensic science, intestinal obstruction, kaolin, uterus myomatosus,
- MeSH
- Bezoars * MeSH
- Foreign Bodies complications pathology MeSH
- Fatal Outcome MeSH
- Kaolin administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Leiomyomatosis pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Uterine Neoplasms pathology MeSH
- Pica ethnology MeSH
- Sex Workers MeSH
- Intestinal Obstruction etiology pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Case Reports MeSH
- Geographicals
- Nigeria ethnology MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Kaolin MeSH
This paper describes laboratory preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity testing of ZnO/kaoline composites. ZnO/kaoline composites with 50 wt.% of ZnO were laboratory prepared, dried at 105 °C and calcined at 500 °C. XRPD analysis revealed that thermal treatment caused the phase transformation of Zn containing precursor into ZnO. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used for characterization of morphology of the prepared samples. A standard microdilution test was used for evaluation of antibacterial activity using four common human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Daylight was used for induction photocatalytically based antibacterial activity. Second possible explanation of antibacterial activity of ZnO/kaoline could be the presence of biologically available forms of zinc. During the antibacterial activity assays the ZnO/kaoline composites exhibited antibacterial activity, where differences in an onset of the antibacterial activity and activity against bacterial strains were observed. The highest antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus, where the lowest value of minimum inhibitory concentration was determined equal to 0.41 mg/ml.
- MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- X-Ray Diffraction MeSH
- Enterococcus faecalis drug effects MeSH
- Escherichia coli drug effects MeSH
- Kaolin chemistry MeSH
- Catalysis MeSH
- Nanocomposites chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Zinc Oxide chemistry MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus drug effects MeSH
- Light MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
- Kaolin MeSH
- Zinc Oxide MeSH
