Mastné kyseliny a obezita Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with enhanced inflammation. However, investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is limited and the mechanisms by which inflammation occurs have not been well elucidated. Marine long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory actions and may reduce scWAT inflammation. METHODS: Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) biopsies were collected from individuals living with obesity (n=45) and normal weight individuals (n=39) prior to and following a 12-week intervention with either 3 g/day of a fish oil concentrate (providing 1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 0.8 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) or 3 g/day of corn oil. ScWAT fatty acid, oxylipin, and transcriptome profiles were assessed by gas chromatography, ultra-pure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, respectively. FINDINGS: Obesity was associated with greater scWAT inflammation demonstrated by lower concentrations of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and hydroxy-DHA metabolites and an altered transcriptome with differential expression of genes involved in LC n-3 PUFA activation, oxylipin synthesis, inflammation, and immune response. Intervention with LC n-3 PUFAs increased their respective metabolites including the SPM precursor 14-hydroxy-DHA in normal weight individuals and decreased arachidonic acid derived metabolites and expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory response with a greater effect in normal weight individuals. INTERPRETATION: Downregulated expression of genes responsible for fatty acid activation and metabolism may contribute to an inflammatory oxylipin profile and limit the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in obesity. There may be a need for personalised LC n-3 PUFA supplementation based on obesity status. FUNDING: European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Number 244995) and Czech Academy of Sciences (Lumina quaeruntur LQ200111901).

Klíčová slova
Adipose tissue, Immune system, Inflammation, LC n-3 PUFA, Lipids, Obesity,
MeSH
bílá tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
kyseliny dokosahexaenové MeSH
kyseliny mastné omega-3 * MeSH
lidé MeSH
mastné kyseliny MeSH
obezita farmakoterapie MeSH
potravní doplňky * MeSH
zánět metabolismus MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Názvy látek
kyseliny dokosahexaenové MeSH
kyseliny mastné omega-3 * MeSH
mastné kyseliny MeSH

Článek

FADS1 gene polymorphism(s) and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in adolescents

Lipids. 2021 Sep ; 56 (5) : 499-508. [epub] 20210630

ISSN 1558-9307 | 0024-4201
Zdroj

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence many physiological functions. Associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FADS1 (Fatty acid desaturase 1) gene and the relative abundance of PUFA in serum lipids. This study examines the relationship between two SNPs in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids in adolescents (13-18 years). We used DNA samples (670 children; 336 girls and 334 boys) from the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in whole blood samples. For genotype analysis, TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were used. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids was assessed using gas chromatography. The T-statistic and regression were used for statistical evaluations. Minor allele T carriers in both SNPs had significant lower level of palmitic acid (16:0, phospholipids) and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6], phospholipids) in both sexes. In girls, we found a significant positive association between minor allele T carriers and eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6], cholesteryl esters) in both SNPs. Being a minor allele T carrier was significantly positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3[n-6], phospholipids) in boys in both SNPs. SNPs (including rs174546, rs174537) in the FADS gene cluster should have impacted desaturase activity, which may contribute to different efficiency of PUFA synthesis.

Klíčová slova
FADS1, fatty acid, rs174537, rs174546, single nucleotide polymorphism,
MeSH
alely MeSH
delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
desaturasy mastných kyselin genetika MeSH
dítě MeSH
genotyp MeSH
jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
lidé MeSH
mastné kyseliny * MeSH
mladiství MeSH
obezita dětí a dospívajících * MeSH
Check Tag
dítě MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Názvy látek
delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
desaturasy mastných kyselin MeSH
FADS1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
mastné kyseliny * MeSH

Článek

Zmeny slození mastných kyselin v séru a tukové tkáni v závislosti na obsahu tuků v nízkoenergetické diete
[Changes in serum and adipose tissue fatty acid composition after low calorie diet with respect to dietary fat content in obese]

Casopis lekaru ceskych. 2006 ; 145 (6) : 464-9.

Cas Lek Cesk
ISSN 0008-7335
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Recently, a new attention has been paid to beneficial effects of high-fat diet on the body weight reduction and metabolic profile in obese subjects. In this study we compared the effects of two hypocaloric diets with different proportion of fat on fatty acid composition (FA) in blood and adipose tissue (AT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-four obese subjects were submitted to 10 weeks' low-calorie diet. Subjects were randomized into low-fat diet (LFD) (20-25% of energy content) and high-fat diet groups (HFD) (40-45%). Before and at the end of the intervention, samples of blood and subcutaneous AT were taken for the analysis of fatty acid composition. The diet-induced body weight and fat mass reduction were not different between the two diets. Plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) were reduced during HFD only. Both diets reduced proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in AT and of saturated fatty acid in blood TAG, with no difference between the diets. HFD induced a higher increase of monounsaturated fatty acids in blood TAG. No other diet-induced changes were found in proportion of major classes of fatty acids. In respect to individual fatty acids, the diets induced a number of changes in AT and blood, the changes, however, not being different between the diets. CONCLUSION: Hypocaloric diets induce a number of changes in fatty acid composition in blood and adipose tissue, with little differences in respect to the proportion of fat in the diet. The results suggest the diet-induced changes in fatty acid composition are controlled by the calorie deficit of the diet and the proportion of dietary fat plays a minor role.

MeSH
dietní tuky * MeSH
dospělí MeSH
hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
kalorická restrikce * MeSH
lidé MeSH
mastné kyseliny aplikace a dávkování krev metabolismus MeSH
obezita dietoterapie metabolismus MeSH
triglyceridy metabolismus MeSH
tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
Check Tag
dospělí MeSH
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
anglický abstrakt MeSH
časopisecké články MeSH
randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Názvy látek
dietní tuky * MeSH
mastné kyseliny MeSH
triglyceridy MeSH

Článek

Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue triglycerides in obese diabetic women after bariatric surgery: a 2-year follow up

Physiological research. 2015 ; 64 (Suppl 2) : S155-66.

Physiol Res
ISSN 1802-9973 | 0862-8408
Zdroj

Bariatric surgery is the most effective method in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of bariatric procedures on remission of T2DM and on the fatty acid composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Patients included obese diabetic women who underwent bariatric surgery: biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), n=8, laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB), n=9 or laparoscopic greater curvature plication (LGCP), n=12. Anthropometric characteristics and fatty acid composition of adipose tissue (FA AT) were analyzed before surgery, then 6 months and 2 years after surgery. FA AT was analyzed by gas chromatography. Diabetes remission was estimated. BPD was most efficient in inducing a remission of diabetes (p=0.004). Significantly higher increases in lauric (12:0), myristoleic (14:1n-5) and palmitoleic (16:1n-7) acids and delta-9 desaturase were found two years after BPD, suggesting higher lipogenesis in adipose tissue. Docosatetraenoic acid (22:4n-6) increased significantly after BPD, while docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) decreased 6 months after BPD and increased after 2 years. No changes were found after LAGB and LGCP after 2 years. Bariatric surgery led to significant changes in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue in severely obese diabetic women after six months and two years, and was partly influenced by the type of surgery used.

MeSH
bariatrická chirurgie trendy MeSH
diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
mastné kyseliny krev MeSH
morbidní obezita krev epidemiologie chirurgie MeSH
následné studie MeSH
senioři MeSH
triglyceridy krev MeSH
tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
Check Tag
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
senioři MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Názvy látek
mastné kyseliny MeSH
triglyceridy MeSH

Článek

The responses of serum and adipose Fatty acids to a one-year weight reduction regimen in female obese monozygotic twins

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2002 Jun ; 967 () : 311-23.

Ann N Y Acad Sci
ISSN 0077-8923
Zdroj

We have reported strong intrapair resemblances (IPRs) in serum phosphatidylcholine (PC) fatty acid composition within adult monozygotic twins living apart. This study assessed the contribution of genetic factors to changes in serum and adipose tissue fatty acids resulting from weight loss and followed by a subsequent year of weight maintenance. Eleven pairs of female obese monozygotic twins (age: 38.9 +/- 1.8; BMI: 32.5 +/- 0.9) were recruited for the study. Fasting serum and adipose tissue were obtained after 1 week of inpatient stabilization, after 1 month of inpatient very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), and again after 1 year of outpatient weight maintenance. Fatty acids in serum lipid fractions and adipose tissue were quantitated by gas chromatography. Using multiple regression adjusted for age and initial value, IPRs were determined for the changes induced by VLCD and by the year of weight maintenance. There were few IPRs in nonessential fatty acids. By contrast, there were numerous IPRs for essential fatty acids (EFA), especially in the n-3 family across the VLCD. Following the maintenance year, however, frequent IPRs for nonessential fatty acids were seen, particularly in serum PC, and strong IPRs were seen for 18:3 n-3 and 20:5 n-3 across multiple fractions. These results infer the existence of strong genetic factors determining both the nonessential and EFA compositions of tissue lipids in humans independent of diet. Of particular note were the consistent IPRs for n-3 fatty acids despite dietary stress, indicating that the conservation and distribution of this EFA family are subject to considerable genetic variance in humans.

Článek

Uloha olejů s obsahem triacylglycerolů s mastnými kyselinami o stredním retĕzci v dietní lécbĕ otylosti. Vliv na klidový energetický výdej a na sérové lipidy
[The role of oils containing triacylglycerols and medium-chain fatty acids in the dietary treatment of obesity. The effect on resting energy expenditure and serum lipids]

Casopis lekaru ceskych. 1994 Jun 13 ; 133 (12) : 373-5.

Cas Lek Cesk
ISSN 0008-7335
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Treatment of obesity with strict reducing diets is as a rule associated with the development of energetic efficiency manifested among others also by a decline of energy expenditure. The objective of the trial was to test whether addition of oils containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acid can prevent this decline and whether their administration can affect the lipid spectrum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty obese patients were served for a four-week period of hospitalization at the obesitology unit a low-energy diet REDITA (Promil Co., N. Bydzov) providing 1596 kJ, 37 g protein, 50 g carbohydrate and 3 g fat. Part of the treatment was regular aerobic exercise, behavioural therapy to teach correct dietary habits and physical activity; physical activity was monitored by means of pedometers. From this group during the 3rd and 4th week 11 patients with similar characteristics were separated (age, body weight, BMI and energy expenditure at rest) as in the basic group. These patients were given daily 15 ml oil containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids, MCT OIL (Mead Johnson, Evansville), providing 545 kJ. The resting energy expenditure was assessed in all patients every morning on fasting, immediately after awakening, using indirect calorimetry and it was corrected with regard to the respiratory quotient and excretion of catabolic nitrogen. The body composition was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial by hydrostatic weighing. Administration of oil containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids (MCT OIL) prevented the decline of the resting energy expenditure (130.0 +/- 9.2 kJ/kg lean body mass/day, as compared with 126.5 +/- 7.2 kJ/kg lean body mass/day in the basic group: the difference is statistically not significant). Although addition of oil increased the energy intake by 545 kJ/day, the drop of body weight and BMI was comparable with that in the group of obese patients who did not receive the oil (10.3 +/- 1.1 kg vs. 10.6 +/- 0.5 kg). While during administration of the oil the resting energy expenditure did not change (5.97 +/- 0.30 kJ/min. vs. 5.24 +/- 0.58 kJ/min.), in obese patients who were only on the strict reducing diet it declined from 5.45 +/- 0.18 kJ/min. to 4.44 +/- 0.22 kJ/min. (p < 0.01). The significant drop of total cholesterol achieved by dietotherapy alone (5.41 +/- 0.21 mmol/l vs. 6.26 0.20 mmol/l before treatment) was not affected by administration of oil (4.86 +/- 0.28 mmol/l vs. 5.69 +/- 0.35 mmol/l before treatment). HDL-cholesterol, on the other hand, declined only in obese patients with dietotherapy (1.40 +/- 0.04 mmol/vs. 1.22 +/- 0.04 mmol/l after treatment, p < 0.01). The triacylglycerol values declined significantly in both groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that administration of thermogenetically acting triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids can prevent diet-induced energetic efficiency and can improve the long-term success of dietotherapy of obese patients.

MeSH
dietní proteiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
dietní tuky nenasycené farmakologie MeSH
dospělí MeSH
energetický metabolismus * MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
lipidy krev MeSH
mastné kyseliny farmakologie MeSH
obezita dietoterapie metabolismus MeSH
redukční dieta * MeSH
triglyceridy farmakologie MeSH
Check Tag
dospělí MeSH
lidé středního věku MeSH
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
anglický abstrakt MeSH
časopisecké články MeSH
klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
klinické zkoušky MeSH
Názvy látek
dietní proteiny MeSH
dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
lipidy MeSH
mastné kyseliny MeSH
triglyceridy MeSH

Publikováno

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Mastné kyseliny a obezita Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

Mastné kyseliny a obezita Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

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