Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 can affect cutaneous wound healing; however, recent findings demonstrate the variable extent of their influence on the quality of healing. Here, we compare the effect of several dietary oils, containing different levels of PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6, on wound healing in the rat model. Rats were fed the feed mixture with 8% palm oil (P), safflower oil (S), fish oil (F) or Schizochytrium microalga extract (Sch) and compared to the animals fed by control feed mixture (C). Dorsal full-thickness cutaneous excisions were performed after 52 days of feeding and skin was left to heal for an additional 12 days. Histopathological analysis of skin wounds was performed, including immune cells immunolabeling and the determination of hydroxyproline amount as well as gene expression analyses of molecules contributing to different steps of the healing. Matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization mass-spectrometry-imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to determine the amount of collagen α-1(III) chain fragment in healing samples. Treatment by Schizochytrium extract resulted in decrease in the total wound area, in contrast to the safflower oil group where the size of the wound was larger when comparing to control animals. Diet with Schizochytrium extract and safflower oils displayed a tendency to increase the number of new vessels. The number of MPO-positive cells was diminished following any of oil treatment in comparison to the control, but their highest amount was found in animals with a fish oil diet. On the other hand, the number of CD68-positive macrophages was increased, with the most significant enhancement in the fish oil and safflower oil group. Hydroxyproline concentration was the highest in the safflower oil group but it was also enhanced in all other analyzed treatments in comparison to the control. MALDI-MSI signal intensity of a collagen III fragment decreased in the sequence C > S > Sch > P > F treatment. In conclusion, we observed differences in tissue response during healing between dietary oils, with the activation of inflammation observed following the treatment with oil containing high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level (fish oil) and enhanced healing features were induced by the diet with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, Schizochytrium extract).
- Klíčová slova
- MPO, collagen I/III, hydroxyproline, macrophages, mast cells, matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization-mass-spectrometry-imaging, polyunsaturated fatty acids,
- MeSH
- antigeny CD8 metabolismus MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- indoly chemie MeSH
- kolagen typ III metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kůže účinky léků zranění metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 analýza MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-6 analýza MeSH
- makrofágy imunologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- palmový olej aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakologie MeSH
- rybí oleje aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakologie MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- světlicový olej aplikace a dávkování chemie farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny CD8 MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- indoly MeSH
- kolagen typ III MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-6 MeSH
- palmový olej MeSH
- rybí oleje MeSH
- schizocommunin MeSH Prohlížeč
- světlicový olej MeSH
Unsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) are able to prevent deleterious effects of saturated FFA in skeletal muscle cells although the mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. FFA act as endogenous ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), transcription factors regulating the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether activation of PPARδ, the most common PPAR subtype in skeletal muscle, plays a role in mediating the protective effect of unsaturated FFA on saturated FFA-induced damage in skeletal muscle cells and to examine an impact on mitochondrial respiration. Mouse C2C12 myotubes were treated for 24 h with different concentrations of saturated FFA (palmitic acid), unsaturated FFA (oleic, linoleic and α-linolenic acid), and their combinations. PPARδ agonist GW501516 and antagonist GSK0660 were also used. Both mono- and polyunsaturated FFA, but not GW501516, prevented palmitic acid-induced cell death. Mono- and polyunsaturated FFA proved to be effective activators of PPARδ compared to saturated palmitic acid; however, in combination with palmitic acid their effect on PPARδ activation was blocked and stayed at the levels observed for palmitic acid alone. Unsaturated FFA at moderate physiological concentrations as well as GW501516, but not palmitic acid, mildly uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. Our results indicate that although unsaturated FFA are effective activators of PPARδ, their protective effect on palmitic acid-induced toxicity is not mediated by PPARδ activation and subsequent induction of lipid regulatory genes in skeletal muscle cells. Other mechanisms, such as mitochondrial uncoupling, may underlie their effect.
- Klíčová slova
- Mitochondrial respiration, Mitochondrial uncoupling, PPARδ, PPARδ agonist, Saturated fatty acid, Skeletal muscle cells, Unsaturated fatty acids,
- MeSH
- buněčná smrt účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené farmakologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina palmitová toxicita MeSH
- myši MeSH
- receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů účinky léků MeSH
- sulfony farmakologie MeSH
- svalové buňky účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- thiazoly farmakologie MeSH
- thiofeny farmakologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- GSK0660 MeSH Prohlížeč
- GW 501516 MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyselina palmitová MeSH
- Ppard protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární MeSH
- sulfony MeSH
- thiazoly MeSH
- thiofeny MeSH
The effects of dietary supplementation with fat of different fatty acid profile and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on the fatty acid composition of serum and heart lipids were analysed. Adult male Wistar rats were fed a standard non-fat diet enriched with 10 % of lard, fish oil (n-3 PUFA) or maize oil (n-6 PUFA) for 10 weeks. After 4 weeks on the diets, each group was divided in two subgroups, either exposed to CIH in a barochamber (7000 m, twenty-five exposures) or kept at normoxia. In normoxic rats, the fish oil diet increased the level of conjugated dienes. The n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio in serum TAG, phospholipids (PL), cholesteryl esters (CE) and heart TAG, PL and diacylglycerols (DAG) followed the ratio in the fed diet (in the sequence maize oil>lard>fish oil). In heart TAG, PL and DAG, 20 : 4n-6 and 18 : 2n-6 were replaced by 22 : 6n-3 in the fish oil group. The main fatty acid in CE was 20 : 4n-6 in the lard and maize oil groups whereas in the fish oil group, half of 20 : 4n-6 was replaced by 20 : 5n-3. CIH further increased 20 : 5n-3 in CE in the fish oil group. CIH decreased the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio in serum CE, heart TAG, PL and DAG in all dietary groups and stimulated the activity of catalase in the maize and fish oil groups. In conclusion, PUFA diets and CIH, both interventions considered to be cardioprotective, distinctly modified the fatty acid profile in serum and heart lipids with specific effects on conjugated diene production and catalase activity.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené farmakologie MeSH
- dietní tuky farmakologie MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- hypoxie patofyziologie MeSH
- kardiotonika farmakologie MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kukuřičný olej farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-6 farmakologie MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- myokard metabolismus MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rybí oleje farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- dietní tuky MeSH
- kardiotonika MeSH
- katalasa MeSH
- kukuřičný olej MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-6 MeSH
- lard MeSH Prohlížeč
- lipidy MeSH
- nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH
- rybí oleje MeSH
Olive oil consumption is protective against risk factors for cardiovascular and cancer diseases. A nutrigenomic approach was performed to assess whether changes in gene expression could occur in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after oli ve oil ingestion at postprandial state. Six healthy male volunteers ingested, at fasting state, 50 ml of olive oil. Prior to intervention a 1-week washout period with a controlled diet and sunflower oil as the only source of fat was followed. During the 3 days before and on the intervention day, a very low-phenolic compound diet was followed. At baseline (0 h) and at post-ingestion (6 h), total RNA was isolated and gene expression (29,082 genes) was evaluated by microarray. From microarray data, nutrient-gene interactions were observed in genes related to metabolism, cellular processes, cancer, and atherosclerosis (e.g. USP48 by 2.16; OGT by 1.68-fold change) and associated processes such as inflammation (e.g. AKAP13 by 2.30; IL-10 by 1.66-fold change) and DNA damage (e.g. DCLRE1C by 1.47; POLK by 1.44- fold change). When results obtained by microarray were verified by qRT-PCR in nine genes, full concordance was achieved only in the case of up-regulated genes. Changes were observed at a real-life dose of olive oil, as it is daily consumed in some Mediterranean areas. Our results support the hypothesis that postprandial protective changes related to olive oil consumption could be mediated through gene expression changes.
- MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- oleje rostlin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- olivový olej MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- poškození DNA genetika MeSH
- postprandiální období genetika MeSH
- regulace genové exprese účinky léků MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
- zánět genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- olivový olej MeSH
BACKGROUND: Treatment of obesity with strict reducing diets is as a rule associated with the development of energetic efficiency manifested among others also by a decline of energy expenditure. The objective of the trial was to test whether addition of oils containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acid can prevent this decline and whether their administration can affect the lipid spectrum. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty obese patients were served for a four-week period of hospitalization at the obesitology unit a low-energy diet REDITA (Promil Co., N. Bydzov) providing 1596 kJ, 37 g protein, 50 g carbohydrate and 3 g fat. Part of the treatment was regular aerobic exercise, behavioural therapy to teach correct dietary habits and physical activity; physical activity was monitored by means of pedometers. From this group during the 3rd and 4th week 11 patients with similar characteristics were separated (age, body weight, BMI and energy expenditure at rest) as in the basic group. These patients were given daily 15 ml oil containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids, MCT OIL (Mead Johnson, Evansville), providing 545 kJ. The resting energy expenditure was assessed in all patients every morning on fasting, immediately after awakening, using indirect calorimetry and it was corrected with regard to the respiratory quotient and excretion of catabolic nitrogen. The body composition was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial by hydrostatic weighing. Administration of oil containing triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids (MCT OIL) prevented the decline of the resting energy expenditure (130.0 +/- 9.2 kJ/kg lean body mass/day, as compared with 126.5 +/- 7.2 kJ/kg lean body mass/day in the basic group: the difference is statistically not significant). Although addition of oil increased the energy intake by 545 kJ/day, the drop of body weight and BMI was comparable with that in the group of obese patients who did not receive the oil (10.3 +/- 1.1 kg vs. 10.6 +/- 0.5 kg). While during administration of the oil the resting energy expenditure did not change (5.97 +/- 0.30 kJ/min. vs. 5.24 +/- 0.58 kJ/min.), in obese patients who were only on the strict reducing diet it declined from 5.45 +/- 0.18 kJ/min. to 4.44 +/- 0.22 kJ/min. (p < 0.01). The significant drop of total cholesterol achieved by dietotherapy alone (5.41 +/- 0.21 mmol/l vs. 6.26 0.20 mmol/l before treatment) was not affected by administration of oil (4.86 +/- 0.28 mmol/l vs. 5.69 +/- 0.35 mmol/l before treatment). HDL-cholesterol, on the other hand, declined only in obese patients with dietotherapy (1.40 +/- 0.04 mmol/vs. 1.22 +/- 0.04 mmol/l after treatment, p < 0.01). The triacylglycerol values declined significantly in both groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that administration of thermogenetically acting triacylglycerols with medium-chain fatty acids can prevent diet-induced energetic efficiency and can improve the long-term success of dietotherapy of obese patients.
- MeSH
- dietní proteiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy krev MeSH
- mastné kyseliny farmakologie MeSH
- obezita dietoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- redukční dieta * MeSH
- triglyceridy farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dietní proteiny MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
- MeSH
- arterioskleróza krev patologie MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů MeSH
- rybí oleje aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholesterol MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- rybí oleje MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
The metabolic effects of a 3-week dietary supplement of a fish oil concentrate was examined in mildly obese, normotriglyceridemic men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with hypoglycemic agents (n = 20). Patients were randomized into two groups, receiving 15 ml per day of fish oil (Martens Oil, Norway) containing 3.1 g of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). Whereas fish oil led to the expected increase in the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 FA in serum phospholipids, reflecting the increase in omega-3 FA intake, it did not alter fasting or mixed meal stimulated blood glucose, plasma insulin, and C-peptide concentrations. No changes in insulin action were noted, estimated by the metabolic clearance rates of glucose at plasma insulin levels of approximately 100 microU/ml and 1,400 microU/ml during a hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic clamp; no changes were seen in insulin binding to erythrocytes. We conclude that during short-term administration, no adverse effects of low dose fish oil on glucose homeostasis were found in mildly obese NIDDM patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents.
- MeSH
- C-peptid krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glibenklamid terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulin krev MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita MeSH
- rybí oleje aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- C-peptid MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- glibenklamid MeSH
- inzulin MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
- rybí oleje MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
- MeSH
- dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- hypertriglyceridemie metabolismus MeSH
- inzulin farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- myokard metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- sacharosa aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- srdce účinky léků MeSH
- triglyceridy metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dietní sacharidy MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- inzulin MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 MeSH
- sacharosa MeSH
- triglyceridy MeSH
Diazepam, a drug with hydrophobic properties, was used as a model for studying its distribution (after intraduodenal administration) into the central lymph of rats. The intestinal lymph, which prevails in the central lymph, was modified for the presence of total lipids (chylomicrons) by means of fasting, a normal or an artificial diet (olive oil). The lymphatic levels of diazepam exceeded the corresponding blood levels in the fed and oil-fed group; the levels were steady in the fasted group with the exception of the absorption phase of the curves. The kinetic parameters assessed in the blood and lymph of the individual groups obtained by mathematical evaluation of the concentration curves differed because of quantitative differences in the presence of chylomicrons in the lymph. Lymphatic bioavailability in comparison with i.v. administration was found to be substantially lower.
- MeSH
- diazepam aplikace a dávkování analýza krev farmakokinetika MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené farmakologie MeSH
- duodenum MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lipidy analýza MeSH
- lymfa analýza MeSH
- omezení příjmu potravy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- diazepam MeSH
- dietní tuky nenasycené MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
