Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) influence many physiological functions. Associations have been found between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FADS1 (Fatty acid desaturase 1) gene and the relative abundance of PUFA in serum lipids. This study examines the relationship between two SNPs in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) and the fatty acid (FA) composition of serum lipids in adolescents (13-18 years). We used DNA samples (670 children; 336 girls and 334 boys) from the Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Treatment (COPAT) project. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes in whole blood samples. For genotype analysis, TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays (Applied Biosystems) were used. Fatty acid composition of serum lipids was assessed using gas chromatography. The T-statistic and regression were used for statistical evaluations. Minor allele T carriers in both SNPs had significant lower level of palmitic acid (16:0, phospholipids) and arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6], phospholipids) in both sexes. In girls, we found a significant positive association between minor allele T carriers and eicosadienoic acid (20:2[n-6], cholesteryl esters) in both SNPs. Being a minor allele T carrier was significantly positively associated with dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3[n-6], phospholipids) in boys in both SNPs. SNPs (including rs174546, rs174537) in the FADS gene cluster should have impacted desaturase activity, which may contribute to different efficiency of PUFA synthesis.

• Klíčová slova
• FADS1, fatty acid, rs174537, rs174546, single nucleotide polymorphism,
• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin genetika   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin MeSH
• FADS1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS1/FADS2 genes are associated with changes in serum and tissue polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. PUFA regulate inflammatory signaling pathways in adipose tissue; however, the effect of SNPs in FADS1/FADS2 on adipose tissue inflammation is equivocal. The present study examined if SNPs in FADS1/FADS2 modify human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) fatty acid profiles and the expression of genes associated with inflammation/immune function, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. METHODS: SAT fatty acids and the expression of 117 genes were measured in 174 men and women from the DiOGenes Study using gas chromatography and qRT-PCR, respectively. Associations between fatty acids, gene expression, and SNPs in FADS1/FADS2 were investigated by linear regression and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Four SNPs (rs174537, rs174546, rs174556, rs174601) in FADS1/FADS2 were significantly associated with SAT fatty acids. All SNPs were in high linkage disequilibrium with the commonly reported rs174537 SNP in FADS1. Minor allele carriers for rs174537 (GT+TT) had reduced 20:4n-6 (p = 1.74E-5), lower delta-5 desaturase enzyme activity (p = 2.09E-9), and lower FADS1 gene expression (p = 0.03) compared to major GG carriers. Multivariate analysis revealed that 20:4n-6 and 20:3n-6 explained ~19% of the variance between rs174537 genotypes, while gene expression explained <7%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated that rs174537 genotype can be distinguished with SAT fatty acids (AUC = 0.842), but not gene expression (AUC = 0.627). No differences in SAT inflammatory gene expression were observed between rs174537 genotypes. SAT 20:3n-6 levels were positively correlated with the expression of several inflammatory genes, and inversely correlated with FADS1 expression. CONCLUSION: This study showed that FADS1 genotype is distinguished by SAT fatty acid profiles, but not inflammatory gene expression.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace genetika   MeSH
• delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• imunitní systém MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mastné kyseliny genetika   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů genetika   MeSH
• multigenová rodina genetika   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• obezita genetika   MeSH
• podkožní tuk metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin MeSH
• FADS1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• FADS2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny MeSH

States associated with insulin resistance, as overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), some cancers and neuropsychiatric diseases are characterized with a decrease of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) levels. Amounts of LC-PUFA depend on the exogenous intake of their precursors [linoleic (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA)] and by rate of their metabolism, which is influenced by activities of enzymes, such as Δ6-desaturase (D6D, FADS2), D5D, FADS1, elongases (Elovl2, -5, 6).Altered activities of D5D/D6D were described in plenty of diseases, e.g. neuropsychiatric (depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, dementia), metabolic (obesity, metabolic syndrome, DM2) and cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease), inflammatory states and allergy (Crohns disease, atopic eczema) or some malignancies. Similar results were obtained in studies dealing with the associations between genotypes/haplotypes of FADS1/FADS2 and above mentioned diseases, or interactions of dietary intake of LA and ALA on one hand and of the polymorphisms of minor allels of FADS1/FADS2, usually characterized by lower activities, on the other hand.The decrease of the desaturases activities leads to decreased concentrations of products with concomitant increased concentrations of substrates. Associations of some SNP FADS with coronary heart disease, concentrations of plasma lipids, oxidative stress, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory reaction, were described. Experimental studies on animal models and occurrence of rare diseases, associated with missing or with marked fall activities of D5D/D6D emphasized the significance of desaturases for healthy development of organism as well as for pathogenesis of some disease.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular and metabolic diseases., delta-5-desaturase, delta-6-desaturase, genes FADS1/FADS2, inflammation, oxidative stress, polyunsaturated fatty acids,
• MeSH
• delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin metabolismus   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• delta-5 desaturasa mastných kyselin MeSH
• desaturasy mastných kyselin MeSH
• FADS1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny MeSH

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) play important roles in human health, from controlling inflammation to lipid and glucose homeostasis. In our previous study, which employed a cluster analysis of a plasma fatty acid (FA) pattern, we identified two clusters of metabolic syndrome (MetS) independent of clinical and biochemical parameters within the whole study group (controls together with metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients). FA desaturase (FADS) genes are the key regulators of LC-PUFA metabolism. The aim of this study was to analyze associations between FADS polymorphisms and clusters of MetS. The study group consisted of 188 controls and 166 patients with MetS. The first cluster contained 71 controls (CON1) and 109 MetS patients (MetS1). The second cluster consisted of 117 controls (CON2) and 57 MetS patients (MetS2). In comparison with MetS2, cluster MetS1 displayed a more adverse risk profile. Cluster CON1 had, in comparison with CON2, higher body weight and increased triacylglycerol levels (p < 0.05). We found that the FADS rs174537 (p < 0.001), rs174570 (p < 0.01), and rs174602 (p < 0.05) polymorphisms along with two inferred haplotypes had statistically significant genotype associations with the splitting of MetS into MetS1 and MetS2. Conversely, we observed no significant differences in the distribution of FADS polymorphisms between MetS and CON subjects, or between CON1 and CON2. These associations between FADS polymorphisms and two clusters of MetS (differing in waist circumference, HOMA-IR, lipolysis, and oxidative stress) implicate the important influence of genetic factors on the phenotypic manifestation of MetS.

• Klíčová slova
• FADS1, FADS2, cluster analysis, fatty acid pattern, haplotypes, metabolic syndrome, single-nucleotide polymorphism,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are understood to have therapeutic and preventive effects on chronic complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, there are differences between individual MUFAs. Although the effects of palmitoleic acid (POA) are still debated, POA can regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and cytokine production, thus improving metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated and compared the metabolic effects of POA and oleic acid (OA) supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation in a prediabetic model, the hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rat (HHTg). HHTg rats exhibiting genetically determined hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance were fed a standard diet. POA and OA were each administered intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt. for four weeks. RESULTS: Supplementation with both MUFAs significantly elevated insulin and glucagon levels, but only POA decreased nonfasting glucose. POA-treated rats showed elevated circulating NEFA associated with increased lipolysis, lipoprotein lipase gene expression, and fatty acid reesterification in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). The mechanism of improved insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues (measured as insulin-stimulated lipogenesis and glycogenesis) in POA-treated HHTg rats could contribute increased circulating adiponectin and omentin levels together with elevated FADS1 gene expression in VAT. POA-supplemented rats exhibited markedly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production by VAT, which can alleviate chronic inflammation. OA-supplemented rats exhibited decreased arachidonic acid (AA) profiles and decreased proinflammatory AA-derived metabolites (20-HETE) in membrane phospholipids of peripheral tissues. Slightly increased FADS1 gene expression after OA along with increased adiponectin production by VAT was reflected in slightly ameliorated adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that POA served as a lipokine, ameliorating insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue and markedly modulating the metabolic activity of VAT including cytokine secretion. OA had a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and improved inflammation by modulating AA metabolism.

• MeSH
• adiponektin MeSH
• antiflogistika MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * MeSH
• glukagon MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• kyselina olejová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny arachidonové MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné neesterifikované MeSH
• lipoproteinlipasa MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• prediabetes * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• zánět MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adiponektin MeSH
• antiflogistika MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• glukagon MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• kyseliny arachidonové MeSH
• kyseliny mastné mononenasycené MeSH
• kyseliny mastné neesterifikované MeSH
• lipoproteinlipasa MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• palmitoleic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Complex metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes and obesity result from the interaction of numerous genetic and environmental factors. While the family of Nme proteins has been connected so far mostly to development, proliferation, or ciliary functions, several lines of evidence from human and experimental studies point to the potential involvement of one of its members, NME7 (non-metastatic cells 7, nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7) in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. As a complete lack of Nme7 is semilethal in rats, we compared morphometric, metabolic, and transcriptomic profiles of standard diet-fed heterozygous Nme7+/- on male rats vs. their wild-type Nme7+/+ controls. Nme7+/- animals showed increased body weight, adiposity, higher insulin levels together with decreased glucose tolerance. Moreover, they displayed pancreatic islet fibrosis and kidney tubular damage. Despite no signs of overt liver steatosis or dyslipidemia, we found significant changes in the hepatic transcriptome of Nme7+/- male rats with a concerted increase of expression of lipogenic enzymes including Scd1, Fads1, Dhcr7 and a decrease of Cyp7b1 and Nme7. Network analyses suggested possible links between Nme7 and the activation of Srebf1 and Srebf2 upstream regulators. These results further support the implication of NME7 in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance and adiposity.

• Klíčová slova
• animal models, metabolic syndrome, pancreatic fibrosis,
• MeSH
• adipozita genetika   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu metabolismus   MeSH
• dyslipidemie genetika   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lipogeneze genetika   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů fyziologie   MeSH
• nukleosiddifosfátkinasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosa MeSH
• NME7 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nukleosiddifosfátkinasa MeSH

Blue light sensing using flavin (BLUF) domains constitute a family of flavin-binding photoreceptors of bacteria and eukaryotic algae. BLUF photoactivation proceeds via a light-driven hydrogen-bond switch among flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and glutamine and tyrosine side chains, whereby FAD undergoes electron and proton transfer with tyrosine and is subsequently re-oxidized by a hydrogen back-shuttle in picoseconds, constituting an important model system to understand proton-coupled electron transfer in biology. The specific structure of the hydrogen-bond patterns and the prevalence of glutamine tautomeric states in dark-adapted (DA) and light-activated (LA) states have remained controversial. Here, we present a combined femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), computational chemistry, and site-selective isotope labeling Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study of the Slr1694 BLUF domain. FSRS showed distinct vibrational bands from the FADS1 singlet excited state. We observed small but significant shifts in the excited-state vibrational frequency patterns of the DA and LA states, indicating that these frequencies constitute a sensitive probe for the hydrogen-bond arrangement around FAD. Excited-state model calculations utilizing four different realizations of hydrogen bond patterns and glutamine tautomeric states were consistent with a BLUF reaction model that involved glutamine tautomerization to imidic acid, accompanied by a rotation of its side chain. A combined FTIR and double-isotope labeling study, with 13C labeling of FAD and 15N labeling of glutamine, identified the glutamine imidic acid C═N stretch vibration in the LA state and the Gln C═O in the DA state. Hence, our study provides support for glutamine tautomerization and side-chain rotation in the BLUF photoreaction.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   MeSH
• flavinadenindinukleotid chemie   MeSH
• fotoreceptory mikroorganismů * chemie   MeSH
• glutamin * chemie   MeSH
• organické látky MeSH
• protony MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• tyrosin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• flavinadenindinukleotid MeSH
• fotoreceptory mikroorganismů * MeSH
• glutamin * MeSH
• organické látky MeSH
• protony MeSH
• tyrosin MeSH