BACKGROUND: Endometrial tissue plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and there is evidence that endometrial pathology (including endometriosis) is closely related to endocrine disorders. On the other hand, various neuroendocrine changes can be significantly affected by psychosocial stress. In connection with these findings, we tested the relationship between neuroendocrine changes, sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis. METHODS: A total of 65 patients with endometriosis were included in the study. Clinical examinations were focused on the biochemical analysis of neuroendocrine markers of endometriosis (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125] and cancer antigen 19-9 [CA 19-9]), estradiol, psychometric evaluation of sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms. RESULTS: The results showed significant Spearman correlations between the values of the revised range of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale), psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) (R = 0.31), and dissociative symptoms (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire) (R = 0.33). Positive correlations were also found between CA 125 and CA 19-9 (R = 0.63), and between CA 125 and the results of the values of the revised scale of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale) (R = 0.29). Also psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) significantly correlated with CA 125 (R = 0.38) and with CA 19-9 (R = 0.33). CONCLUSION: These results represent the first findings regarding the relationship of the neuroendocrine markers CA 125 and CA 19-9 and sexual dysfunction with trauma/stress-related symptoms and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.
- MeSH
- antigen CA-125 krev MeSH
- antigen CA-19-9 krev MeSH
- disociační poruchy diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endometrióza * krev komplikace psychologie MeSH
- korelace dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurosekreční systémy metabolismus MeSH
- psychické trauma * komplikace diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- psychologické techniky MeSH
- psychologie MeSH
- sexuální dysfunkce fyziologická * krev psychologie MeSH
- somatoformní poruchy * diagnóza patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigen CA-125 MeSH
- antigen CA-19-9 MeSH
Nitric oxide is a reactive gas with multiple important physiological and pathophysiological effects in the human body. Beside the accepted fact that NO is identical with endothelium derived relaxing factor, which mediates the acetylcholine induced relaxation of blood vessel wall, important roles of NO in the functional modulation of endocrine glands, and in the outbreak and progress of experimental diabetes in rats have been proved. The article summarises the current knowledge about the action of NO in some endocrine glands with respect to the possibility of treatment by means of NO-synthase inhibitors administration.
- MeSH
- endokrinní žlázy fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý fyziologie MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého MeSH
A review of findings pertaining to EDRF (endothelium derived relaxation factor) which proved to be nitric oxide, NO. After an account of the vasodilatating action of NO in the cardiovascular system the main attention is devoted to macrophages, the source of NO and to the formation of NO during activation of infections and during septic shock. NO participates also in the cytotoxicity of macrophages. NO may be the cause of hypotension in hepatic failure. Cumulation of endogenous inhibitors of NO formation in renal failure may be the cause of hypertension. The author analyzes other clinical effects of NO with regard to impotence and diabetes: NO stimulates insulin secretion from the B-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Attention is also drawn to the possible function of NO in the pituitary, in particular with regard to the arginine test which stimulates STH secretion.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
NO is obviously identical with the relaxation factor produced by the vascular endothelium (EDRF) and is also the substance responsible for some other biological activities. It is formed in the organism from L-arginine by the action of the enzyme NO synthetase. The main mechanism of action is the activation of the enzyme guanyl cyclase and the result is an increase of the intracellular level of cyclic guanyl monophosphate. Depending on the type of effector cell, either vasodilatation occurs and adhesion is inhibited and the blood platelets coagulate or the cytotoxicity of macrophages increases. With the development of new, more effective inhibitors of NO synthetase there is also the possibility to study the physiological importance of NO in more detail. These new discoveries provide a more profound biochemical and pharmacological basis and perhaps also new indications or preventive possibilities of the known treatment of vascular spasms by nitroderivatives; moreover, there is the possibility to seek new ways in the anti-tumourous and antimicrobial treatment and elsewhere.
- MeSH
- arginin metabolismus MeSH
- guanylátcyklasa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý * metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arginin MeSH
- guanylátcyklasa MeSH
- oxid dusnatý * MeSH
Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the control of the cardiovascular system where two constitutive isoforms of NO-synthase were discovered: endothelial and neuronal. Both isoforms were observed in various cells, however, endothelial NO-synthase is predominantly present in the endothelium. Injury of the endothelium disturbs the balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction and triggers different pathological alterations. In addition, whereas the intact endothelium protects vascular smooth muscle from oxidative attack, intervention in the vascular wall integrity increases the concentration of vascular superoxides, thus disturbing the effects of NO. Morphological evidence demonstrated that both isoforms of NO-synthase were expressed also in smooth muscle cells and functional studies revealed that different pathological interventions in endothelial function (such as oxidative stress or hypertension) were associated with NO generation in the vascular media. In this case, the generation of NO by vascular smooth muscle may represent a physiologically relevant compensation of endothelial NO deficiency. Whereas long-term inhibition of endothelial NO-synthase resulted in an unequivocal pattern of cardiovascular changes, inhibition of neuronal NO-synthase led to opposite effects, suggesting a specific position of neuronal NO-synthase in the regulation of cardiovascular tone. The specificity of endothelial or neuronal NO function seems to be related to a particular circulatory area and it is presumably determined by mutual interactions with other regulatory systems (sympathoadrenergic, renin-angiotensin, etc.).
- MeSH
- cévní endotel fyziologie MeSH
- izoenzymy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého fyziologie MeSH
- vazodilatace fyziologie MeSH
- vazokonstrikce fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- izoenzymy MeSH
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého MeSH
The author reviews findings assembled during the last 20 years on the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), and in particular findings assembled the last five years which revealed that EDRF is identical with nitric oxide, NO. The enzyme NO synthetase produces NO from l-arginine with the concurrent formation of citrulline and is present not only in the endothelium of the vascular wall but also in cerebral neurons and other tissues. NO is probably also the effective factor of the vasodilatating action of organic nitrates (nitroglycerol, amyl nitrite, sodium nitroprusside). In recent years these findings are applied also in clinical work. In atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels NO formation is obviously reduced and l-arginine infusion may improve the coronary blood supply in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Inhalation of NO has been tried in pulmonary hypertension. Antidotes of NO (methylene blue) conversely may prevent hypotension in hepatic failure. Infusion of an antidote of l arginine prevents hypotension in septic shock. This is due to the fact that an excess of NO is formed from macrophages during infections. NO is, however, also mutagenic and there are reports on its participation in the genesis of genetic and neoplastic diseases.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý * fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxid dusnatý * MeSH
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide was used as an important selective vasodilator in the treatment of acute respiratory failure accompanied with high pulmonary resistance in children and adults since late 80's. METHODS AND RESULTS: Paper includes remarks about nitric oxide physiology in organism. Group of 33 patients is presented (group I 26 newborns, group II 7 children) in which selective pulmonary vasodilation with nitric oxide was used. According to response to NO subject were classified into subgroups of responders, non-responders. In evaluation of oxygenation status OI (oxygenation index, A-a DO2 (alveoloarterial difference) and paO2/FiO2 were used. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences of above mentioned values were revealed between responders and non-responders in group I (newborns). Significant differences were not revealed in group II (children). Results are in accordance with other papers.
- MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- oxid dusnatý terapeutické užití MeSH
- respirační insuficience farmakoterapie etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- syndrom přetrvávajícího fetálního oběhu komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- vazodilatancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
- vazodilatancia MeSH
UNLABELLED: Parathyroid hormone (PTH)--besides its main osteotrophic action--exerts also vascular effect demonstrated formerly also in bones. The aim of the presented work was to verify this effect of PTH using the radioactive microsphere method and to ascertain simultaneously whether NO does participate or not in this effect of PTH. We performed two experiments which were arranged in the same way, as follows: group I--controls, group II--PTH, group III--L-NAME, group IV--L-NAME + PTH. Parathyroid hormone 1.34 fragment (Sigma, USA) was administered to each animal 6-12 minutes before the injection of radioactive microspheres in the dose of 3 micrograms in the experiment A, 10 micrograms in the experiment B. NG-nitro-L-arginin methyl ester (Sigma, USA) was given in the food for ten days before the experiment in the concentration of 0.025% in experiment A, 0.05% in experiment B. RESULTS: We present the results of experiment A in the part "Results" of the paper briefly in percentages--they are similar to the results of experiment B, but without statistical significance. Administration of PTH increased statistically significantly the microsphere uptake in tibia and distal femur and also the blood flow in both bones, increased the cardiac output and lowered blood pressure. Administration of L-NAME alone induced decrease of the heart rate only. After the injection of PTH to the rats fed L-NAME there was--compared to the injection of PTH only--the blood flow through both bones significantly lower. The observed increase in the bone blood flow as well as changes in the general circulation show that i.v. injection of PTH under the experimental conditions used does induce vasodilatation in female rats. Influence of these changes by the administration of L-NAME indicates possible participation of the nitric oxide (NO) in the observed effect of PTH on the vessles.
- MeSH
- femur krevní zásobení MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň krevní zásobení MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- NG-nitroargininmethylester farmakologie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý fyziologie MeSH
- parathormon farmakologie MeSH
- regionální krevní průtok účinky léků MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- tibie krevní zásobení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- NG-nitroargininmethylester MeSH
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
- parathormon MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého MeSH
The endothelium is the largest autocrine and endocrine organ of the human organism. It participates in the regulation of the blood flow and tonus of the vascular wall, activation of thrombocytes, adhesion of monocytes to the vascular wall, thrombogenesis, lipid metabolism and growth of vessels. Endothelial cells may produce some 25 different biologically active substances. The most important one among them is probably NO. Under physiological conditions endothelial cells release permanently a small amount of NO or EDRF (endothelium-derived relaxing factor) and participate thus in the regulation of the tonus of the vascular wall at rest. The presence of NO excreated by endothelial cells can be detected in all parts of the circulation, from large arteries to small capillaries. Increased NO excretion is caused by a number of physiological stimuli, e.g. a rise of the blood pressure, drop of the partial oxygen pressure or the action of acetylcholine, ADP, ATP, thrombin, bradykinin or histamine. NO is a chemical messenger which is formed during oxidation of L-arginine to L-citrullin by the action of the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). Endothelial NOS is described as eNOS (endothelial/Type III/NOS-3). There exist also two other different isoforms of this enzyme: nNOS (neuronal/Type I/NOS-1/bNOS) andiNOS (inducible/Type II/NOS-2. NO plays an important part on the regulation of vascular homeostasis. It has a number of potential antiatherogenic functions. It causes vascular vasodilatation.
- MeSH
- arterioskleróza patofyziologie MeSH
- cévní endotel metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- cévní rezistence fyziologie MeSH
- cévy fyziologie patofyziologie MeSH
- homeostáza * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci cév patofyziologie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- oxid dusnatý MeSH
Methylene blue is a thiazine dye, which has been used in the clinical medicine as disinfection agent and in treatment of methemoglobinemia. The recent investigations showed that this dye is able to inhibit the activation of guanylate cyclase pathway in the guanylate cyclase or in the NO-synthase level. This paper summarizes the experimentally obtained results concerning the influence of methylene blue on the hypothalamic, hypophyseal, thyroid and testicular function in rats. The possible mechanism of its influence with potential role of nitric oxide in the modulation of regulating pathways in these endocrine glands is discussed.
- MeSH
- adenohypofýza účinky léků MeSH
- endokrinní žlázy účinky léků MeSH
- gonády účinky léků MeSH
- hypothalamus účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- methylenová modř farmakologie MeSH
- štítná žláza účinky léků MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- methylenová modř MeSH
- synthasa oxidu dusnatého MeSH
