AIMS: To report a case of punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) with pachychoroid disease features and active choroidal neovascular membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case report Results: A 33-year-old female patient with a history of myopic neovascular membrane in the right eye (OD), who had received multiple doses of intravitreal Aflibercept, consulted our retina service. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in OD. Fundus examination revealed small, well-defined, yellow-gray spots with subretinal fluid limited to the posterior pole. Optical coherence tomography scans from the OD showed subretinal fluid and a hyperreflective material between the epithelium/Bruch membrane (RPE/ BrM) complex, associated with loss of normal choroidal architecture and focal conformational choroidal excavation. There was also diffuse choroidal thickening in the macula, with pachyvessels compressing the inner choroid. Fundus autofluorescence showed active PIC lesions. With these findings, the diagnosis of punctate inner pachychoroidopathy associated with active choroidal neovascular membrane was made and Aflibercept therapy was restarted. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of patients with PIC exhibits features associated with pachychoroid disease. This subtype of PIC is determined by unique demographics, multimodal image findings, and complications that differ from classic PIC, due to the potential influence of choroidal venous insufficiency on PIC manifestations and secondary complications.

• Klíčová slova
• antiangiogenic therapy (anti-VEGF), choroidal neovascularization, choroidal venous congestion, optical coherence tomography (OCT), pachychoroid, punctate inner choroidopathy,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci choroidey * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey * komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• receptory vaskulárního endoteliálního růstového faktoru terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aflibercept MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptory vaskulárního endoteliálního růstového faktoru MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny MeSH

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) may be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. In this study, we examined whether rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, can restore angiogenesis in a rat hindlimb ischemia model of diabetes. METHODS: Male wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6 each): control, diabetic and control and diabetic rats who received rosiglitazone (8 mg/kg/day). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg; ip). After 21 days, serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) were measured and neovascularization in ischemic legs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Capillary density and capillary/fiber ratio in hindlimb ischemia of diabetic animals were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Rosiglitazone significantly restored neovascularization in diabetic animals (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: rosiglitazone enhances neovascularization in diabetic ischemic skeletal muscle and could be considered for treatment of peripheral artery disease in diabetic subjects.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus patofyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologická neovaskularizace účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• rosiglitazon MeSH
• thiazolidindiony farmakologie   MeSH
• zadní končetina krevní zásobení   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rosiglitazon MeSH
• thiazolidindiony MeSH

Angiogenesis in healthy tissue and within malignant tumors differs on many levels, which may partly be explained by vascular mimicry formation resulting in altered contrast material or different radiopharmaceuticals distributions. Failed remodulation results in changes in the molecular exchange through the capillary wall and those consequences affect the behavior of contrast agents and radiopharmaceuticals. One of the most indicative signs of malignant tissue is the increased permeability and the faster molecular exchange that occurs between the extracellular and intravascular spaces. Dynamic imaging can help to assess the changed microenvironment. The fast-distribution of molecules reflects newly developed conditions in blood-flow redistribution inside a tumor and within the affected organ during the early stages of tumor formation. Tumor development, as well as aggressiveness, can be assessed based on the change to the vascular bed development, the level of molecular exchange within the tissue, and/or indicative distribution within the organ. The study of the vascular network organization and its impact on the distribution of molecules is important to our understanding of the image pattern in several imaging methods, which in turn influences our interpretation of the findings. A hybrid imaging approach (including PET/MRI) allows the quantification of vascularization and/or its pathophysiological impressions in structural and metabolic images. It might optimize the evaluation of the pretreatment imaging, as well as help assess the effect of therapy targeting neovascularization; antiVEGF drugs and embolization-based therapies, for example.

• Klíčová slova
• Neovascularization, Perfusion imaging, Pharmacokinetics, Vascular mimicry,
• MeSH
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• nádory * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• radiofarmaka * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kontrastní látky MeSH
• radiofarmaka * MeSH

Erythropoietin (EPO) is recognized for neuroprotective and angiogenic effects and has been associated with aging and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We hypothesized that systemic EPO facilitates the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Wild type mice expressed murine EPOR (mWtEPOR) in RPE/choroids at baseline and had significantly increased serum EPO after laser treatment. To test the role of EPO signaling, we used human EPOR knock-in mice with the mWtEPOR gene replaced by either the human EPOR gene (hWtEPOR) or a mutated human EPOR gene (hMtEPOR) in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LCNV) model. Loss-of-function hWtEPOR mice have reduced downstream activation, whereas gain-of-function hMtEPOR mice have increased EPOR signaling. Compared to littermate controls (mWtEPOR), hMtEPOR with increased EPOR signaling developed larger CNV lesions. At baseline, hMtEPOR mice had increased numbers of macrophages, greater expression of macrophage markers F4/80 and CD206, and following laser injury, had greater expression of cytokines CCL2, CXCL10, CCL22, IL-6, and IL-10 than mWtEPOR controls. These data support a hypothesis that injury from age- and AMD-related changes in the RPE/choroid leads to choroidal neovascularization through EPOR-mediated cytokine production.

• MeSH
• choroidea krevní zásobení   metabolismus   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• erythropoetin metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• makrofágy cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• receptory erythropoetinu fyziologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• erythropoetin MeSH
• receptory erythropoetinu MeSH

Neovascularization and angiogenesis are vital processes in the repair of damaged tissue, creating new blood vessel networks and increasing oxygen and nutrient supply for regeneration. The importance of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) contained in the adipose tissue surrounding blood vessel networks to these processes remains unknown and the exact mechanisms responsible for directing adipogenic cell fate remain to be discovered. As adipose tissue contains a heterogenous population of partially differentiated cells of adipocyte lineage; tissue repair, angiogenesis and neovascularization may be closely linked to the function of ASCs in a complex relationship. This review aims to investigate the link between ASCs and angiogenesis/neovascularization, with references to current studies. The molecular mechanisms of these processes, as well as ASC differentiation and proliferation are described in detail. ASCs may differentiate into endothelial cells during neovascularization; however, recent clinical trials have suggested that ASCs may also stimulate angiogenesis and neovascularization indirectly through the release of paracrine factors.

• Klíčová slova
• adipose, angiogenesis, differentiation, stem, vascularization,
• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace * MeSH
• fyziologická neovaskularizace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie   metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk * MeSH
• tuková tkáň cytologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and inhibition of VEGF expression in the neovascular phase might prevent destructive neovascularization in ROP. It is suggested that retinoids exert a highly potent antiangiogenic activity by inhibiting VEGF expression. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the preventive effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the VEGF-induced retinal neovascularization in a rat model of ROP. Wistar albino rats were placed into incubators at birth and exposed to an atmosphere alternating between 50 % and 10 % O(2) every 24 hours. After 14 days, the animals were removed to room air and received either an intraperitoneal injection of RA (5 mg/kg/day) (n=9) or saline (n=4) daily for six days, and sacrificed at 21 days. Other rats (n=4) were raised in room air and served as age-matched controls. The globe of each eye was cut through the cornea and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for quantification of neovascular nuclei. The avidin-biotin peroxidase method was performed for evaluation of VEGF expression. The average number of neovascular nuclei was significantly lower in the control group compared to that in the ROP groups. In addition, it significantly decreased in the RA-treated ROP group compared to that of the saline-administrated ROP group. VEGF immunostaining was overall negative in room air-exposed rats. The VEGF immunostaining score significantly decreased in the RA-treated ROP group compared to that in the saline-administered ROP group. RA treatment might be beneficial in preventing neovascularization resulting from oxygen-induced retinopathy by downregulation of VEGF expression.

• MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• neovaskularizace sítnice metabolismus   patologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• retina účinky léků   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• retinopatie nedonošených farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• tretinoin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• tretinoin MeSH
• vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A MeSH

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of ranibizumab (Lucentis) in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by diseases other than age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PATIENTS: 21 patients with mean age 61  17.2 years (min 16, max 85) with CNV due to causes other than AMD, in particular pathological myopia (n=11), angioid streaks (n=3), central serous chorioretinopathy (n=2), North Carolina macular dystrophy (n=1), dominant familial drusen (n=1) and idiopathic CNV (n=3). METHODS: The patients were treated at the Ophthalmology Department of the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove with three monthly initial intravitreal injections of ranibizumab 0.5 mg with subsequent treatment regimen pro re nata (PRN). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated on the ETDRS optotypes (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study), central retinal thickness (CRT) was measured by optical coherent tomography (OCT) (Zeiss, Cirrus). These parameters were evaluated before start of the study and then at 1 (BCVA only), 4, 8, and 12 months during treatment. We also evaluated the possible occurrence of ocular and systemic side effects. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement in the mean of BCVA score of 11.4 letters (p.

• Klíčová slova
• Lucentis, anti-VEGF, myopic CNV, other cause than AMD, ranibizumab,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• injekce intravitreální MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• ranibizumab * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * MeSH
• ranibizumab * MeSH

Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD) is a rare disease characterized by accumulation of yellowish deposits in the macula. Rarely, it may be complicated by choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Cases with CNV may be confused with occult CNV in age-related macular degeneration. In our case, we will present the visual and anatomical results of a patient with AOVF-related CNV, in which we administered 3 doses of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). A 59-year-old female patient, who attended our clinic with the complaint of decreased vision in both eyes, was diagnosed with AOVF-related CNV in both eyes and was treated with 3 doses of IVR for 3 months. Despite the improvement in visual and anatomical functions 1 month after the first dose, vision decreased, and anatomical functions regressed to the pre-injection state in continued injections. IVR therapy is not an appropriate treatment option in the treatment of AOVF-associated CNV.

• Klíčová slova
• adult onset vitelliform dystrophy, anti-VEGF, optic coherence tomography, retinal dystrophy, subretinal deposits,
• MeSH
• Bestova nemoc * farmakoterapie   diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• injekce intravitreální * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey farmakoterapie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• ranibizumab * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze * MeSH
• ranibizumab * MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Esophagectomy and reconstruction remain the optimal treatment for patients with resectable esophageal cancer. Neovascularization after ischemic conditioning of the stomach before esophagectomy is a laparoscopic procedure which may potentially reduce gastric conduit ischemia. AIM: To investigate the influence of ischemic conditioning on neovascularization along the greater curvature of the stomach and to explore the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on neovascularization after ischemic conditioning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Staging laparoscopy was performed before the main resection procedure; during this procedure ischemic conditioning was performed. Samples taken from the human stomach were divided into 3 groups: group A - patients after ischemic conditioning with a delay of 30-45 days after left gastric artery (LGA) ligation (n = 4); group B - patients who were undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a delay of 90-140 days after left gastric artery ligation (n = 4); and control group C - patients without ischemic conditioning (n = 7). RESULTS: After ischemic conditioning with a delay of 30-45 days, the count of neovessels along the greater curvature of the stomach increased from 5.4 ±0.7 in the control group to 17.5 ±0.9 in a low-power field of view (LPF) in group A and increased still further on average to 19.8 ±10.4 in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Left gastric artery ligation only is a sufficient procedure for ischemic conditioning of the stomach. Neovascularization along the greater curvature is a continuous process that depends on delay time. Neoadjuvant therapy has no influence on the effect of neovascularization.

• Klíčová slova
• esophageal cancer, esophageal surgery, gastric conduit, ischemic conditioning, neovascularization,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: To present a case report of a patient with a mixed choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) with an asymmetric response to ranibizumab diagnosed on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTa). CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old male was referred to our department in September 2017 due to decreased vision in his left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 43 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters in the left eye. Macular edema was present in the left eye, and a mixed CNV was identified on the OCTa. Therapy with intravitreal ranibizumab was commenced. After 5 ranibizumab injections, the BCVA was 42 ETDRS letters, and considerable intraretinal edema was still present. OCTa showed a resolution of the type 2 lesion of the mixed CNV; however, the type 1 lesion had continued to grow. The patient was then switched to intravitreal aflibercept. After 3 monthly aflibercept injections, the BCVA improved to 53 ETDRS letters, and a reduction of the edema was observed on the optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCTa showed a decrease in both the area and vessel density in the type 1 lesion of the CNV. Therapy with aflibercept was continued; however, while the intraretinal edema continued to improve, atrophy developed in the macula and the BCVA worsened to 43 ETDRS letters. CONCLUSIONS: Ranibizumab nonresponse in a neovascular age-related macular degeneration is not uncommon. However, to our knowledge, this is the first described case of an asymmetric response to ranibizumab in a mixed CNV. While the type 2 lesion of the CNV reacted swiftly to the ranibizumab therapy, the type 1 lesion continued to grow. As with some other cases of ranibizumab resistance, switching to aflibercept proved effective.

• Klíčová slova
• Age‐related macular degeneration, Anti-VEGF, Case report, Mixed CNV, Resistance,
• MeSH
• angiografie MeSH
• fluoresceinová angiografie MeSH
• inhibitory angiogeneze terapeutické užití   MeSH
• injekce intravitreální MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární degenerace * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• neovaskularizace choroidey * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• optická koherentní tomografie MeSH
• ranibizumab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitory angiogeneze MeSH
• ranibizumab MeSH