PaaS Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
This article deals with a unique, new powertrain diagnostics platform at the level of a large number of EU25 inspection stations. Implemented method uses emission measurement data and additional data from significant sample of vehicles. An original technique using machine learning that uses 9 static testing points (defined by constant engine load and constant engine speed), volume of engine combustion chamber, EURO emission standard category, engine condition state coefficient and actual mileage is applied. An example for dysfunction detection using exhaust emission analyses is described in detail. The test setup is also described, along with the procedure for data collection using a Mindsphere cloud data processing platform. Mindsphere is a core of the new Platform as a Service (Paas) for data processing from multiple testing facilities. An evaluation on a fleet level which used quantile regression method is implemented. In this phase of the research, real data was used, as well as data defined on the basis of knowledge of the manifestation of internal combustion engine defects. As a result of the application of the platform and the evaluation method, it is possible to classify combustion engine dysfunctions. These are defects that cannot be detected by self-diagnostic procedures for cars up to the EURO 6 level.
- Klíčová slova
- PaaS, cloud computing, exhaust emission testing and evaluation, new emission measurement methods, quantile regression,
- MeSH
- benzin analýza MeSH
- cloud computing MeSH
- strojové učení * MeSH
- výfukové emise vozidel * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- benzin MeSH
- výfukové emise vozidel * MeSH
Molar partition coefficients for amphiphilic N-[2-(2-alkyl-oxyphenyl-carbamoyloxy)-ethyl]-piperidinium chlorides (PAA) between small unilamellar egg yolk phosphatidyl choline liposomes and saline, as determined by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy at 22 degrees C, pH 5-6, v = 34640 cm-1, and at 100 mumol/l PAA concentration, were 149, 1990, and 7474 for PAA with 5, 7, and 9 carbon atoms in the alkyloxy substituent, respectively. At the PAA concentration used, the cut-off in biological activities of PAAs with long alkyloxy substituents could not be caused by the self-association of PAA molecules in the aqueous phase.
- MeSH
- estery MeSH
- fosfatidylcholiny * MeSH
- karbamáty chemie MeSH
- liposomy * MeSH
- piperidiny chemie MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- estery MeSH
- fosfatidylcholiny * MeSH
- karbamáty MeSH
- liposomy * MeSH
- piperidiny MeSH
The flexible supercapacitors (SCs) of the conventional sandwich-type structure have poor flexibility due to the large thickness of the final entire device. Herein, we have fabricated a highly flexible asymmetric SC using manganese dioxide (MnO₂) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheet-piled hydrogel films and a novel bacterial cellulose (BC)-filled polyacrylic acid sodium salt-Na₂SO₄ (BC/PAAS-Na₂SO₄) neutral gel electrolyte. Apart from being environmentally friendly, this BC/PAAS-Na₂SO₄ gel electrolyte has high viscosity and a sticky property, which enables it to combine two electrodes together. Meanwhile, the intertangling of the filled BC in the gel electrolyte hinders the decrease of the viscosity with temperature, and forms a separator to prevent the two electrodes from short-circuiting. Using these materials, the total thickness of the fabricated device does not exceed 120 μm. This SC device demonstrates high flexibility, where bending and even rolling have no obvious effect on the electrochemical performance. In addition, owing to the asymmetric configuration, the cell voltage of this flexible SC has been extended to 1.8 V, and the energy density can reach up to 11.7 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 441 W kg-1. This SC also exhibits a good cycling stability, with a capacitance retention of 85.5% over 5000 cycles.
- Klíčová slova
- bacterial cellulose, flexible asymmetric supercapacitor, gel electrolyte, manganese dioxide, reduced graphene oxide, two-dimensional material,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIMS: An effective decontamination procedure of personnel wearing personal protective equipment is required by CBRN responders and healthcare workers when dealing with biological warfare agents or natural outbreaks caused by highly contagious pathogens. This study aimed to identify critical factors affecting the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA)-based disinfectants and products containing either hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite under the same conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The influence of concentration, application (contact) time, erroneous human behaviour, interfering substance, technical assets and weather conditions on disinfection efficacy against Bacillus subtilis spores were assessed in 14 experimental groups. Residual contamination of protective suits was measured to provide responders with readily understandable information (up to 100 colony forming units classified a suit as disinfected). Weather conditions, short application time and erroneous human behaviour substantially affected the effectiveness of PAAs (P < 0·05). Non-PAA-based disinfectants (either liquid or foam) did not reach comparable efficacy (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS: Peracetic acid was effective at a concentration of 6400-8200 ppm and an application time of 4 min. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study provides operationally relevant data for the use of PAA-based disinfectants in preparedness planning and management of biological incidents and natural outbreaks.
- Klíčová slova
- CBRN responders, antimicrobials, bacillus, bacterial spores, biocontrol, decontamination, disinfection, erroneous behaviour, peracetic acid, personal protective equipment,
- MeSH
- dekontaminace * MeSH
- dezinfekce MeSH
- dezinficiencia * farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina peroctová * farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobní ochranné prostředky * mikrobiologie MeSH
- peroxid vodíku farmakologie MeSH
- spory bakteriální MeSH
- zdravotnický personál MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dezinficiencia * MeSH
- kyselina peroctová * MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
Peracetic acid (PAA) is a powerful disinfectant recently adopted as a therapeutic agent in aquaculture. A concentration of 10 mg L(-1) PAA effectively suppresses zoospores of Aphanomyces astaci, the agent of crayfish plague. To aid in establishing safe therapeutic guideline, the effects of PAA on treated crayfish were investigated through assessment of histological changes and oxidative damage. Adult female signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (n = 135) were exposed to 2 mg L(-1) and 10 mg L(-1) of PAA for 7 days followed by a 7 day recovery period in clean water. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in gill and hepatopancreas after three days exposure to 10 mg L(1) PAA than in the group treated with 2 mg L(-1) PAA and a control in only clean water. Catalase activity in gill and hepatopancreas remained unaffected by both exposures. Glutathione reductase was significantly decreased in gill of 10 mg L(-1) PAA treated crayfish and increased in group exposed to 2 mg L(-1) compared to control after 7 days exposure. Antioxidant enzyme activity in exposed groups returned to control values after recovery period. Gill, hepatopancreas, and antennal gland showed slight damage in crayfish treated with 2 mg L(-1) of PAA compared to the control group. The extent and frequency of histological alterations were more pronounced in animals exposed to 10 mg L(-1). The gill was the most affected organ, infiltrated by granular hemocytes and displaying malformations of lamella tips and disorganization of epithelial cells. After a 7 day recovery period, the infiltrating cells in affected tissues of the exposed crayfish began to return to normal levels. Results suggested that the given concentrations could be applied to signal crayfish against crayfish plague agent in aquaculture; however, further studies are required for safe use.
- Klíčová slova
- Antioxidant enzyme, Crayfish, Crayfish plague, Histopathology, Peracetic acid,
- MeSH
- dezinficiencia toxicita MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa metabolismus MeSH
- hepatopankreas účinky léků enzymologie patologie MeSH
- katalasa metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina peroctová toxicita MeSH
- oxidancia toxicita MeSH
- severní raci anatomie a histologie účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- tykadla členovců účinky léků patologie MeSH
- žábry účinky léků enzymologie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dezinficiencia MeSH
- glutathionreduktasa MeSH
- katalasa MeSH
- kyselina peroctová MeSH
- oxidancia MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa MeSH
The parasitic ciliate Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. The most effective treatment, malachite green, has been banned in Europe and North America for use in food fish production. Peracetic acid (PAA) was found to be toxic to I. multifiliis theronts at low concentrations. I. multifiliis-infested carp were exposed to 1 mg/l PAA in a dynamic exposure by means of peristaltic pumps. Five days after infestation, gills, tail fins, and skin below the dorsal fin were observed microscopically for I. multifiliis abundance. After PAA exposure, PAA-treated fish showed lower infestation of I. multifiliis in all investigated tissues than the unexposed control fish. The infestation increased in the control group whereas the infestation in the PAA-exposed groups significantly decreased (p = 0.0083, Bonferroni correction). The fish in the two exposure groups showed a slight reinfestation with I. multifiliis. This might be caused by a peroxide degradation (hydrolysis) and/or reduction of the delivered PAA concentration. Thus, PAA concentrations were possibly too low to be effective on the released trophonts and/or the infective theronts. This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that the I. multifiliis in the gills, skin, and fins of the PAA-exposed carp were in an early developmental stage.
- MeSH
- antiparazitární látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- infestace ektoparazity farmakoterapie veterinární MeSH
- kapři MeSH
- kůže parazitologie MeSH
- kyselina peroctová terapeutické užití MeSH
- nemoci ryb farmakoterapie MeSH
- ocas parazitologie MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antiparazitární látky MeSH
- kyselina peroctová MeSH
Aneurysm of pulmonary artery (PAA) is relatively rare clinical finding and appears mostly in association with significant cardiovascular or pulmonary abnormalities and is frequently caused by pulmonary hypertension. Its diagnosis is not difficult. However, guidelines for the treatment were not yet established. Patients with PAA are at risk for sudden death by a rupture of aneurysm. Therefore, surgical correction (graft replacement) is the method of choice. Nevertheless, it seems that certain group of patients with asymptomatic idiopathic aneurysm of pulmonary artery without presence of any serious cardiovascular or pulmonary abnormality can profit from conservative approach. We refer a 62-years old man with idiopathic PAA, in whom we did not indicate surgical correction. However, the long-term follow-up is necessary.
- MeSH
- aneurysma * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- arteria pulmonalis * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
The paper presents a comparative study of the pulsatile attenuation amplitude (PAA) within the optic nerve head (ONH) at four different areas calculated from retinal video sequences and its relevance to the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) changes in normal subjects and patients with different stages of glaucoma. The proposed methodology utilizes processing of retinal video sequences acquired by a novel video ophthalmoscope. The PAA parameter measures the amplitude of heartbeat-modulated light attenuation in retinal tissue. Correlation analysis between PAA and RNFL is performed in vessel-free locations of the peripapillary region with the proposed evaluating patterns: 360° circular area, temporal semi-circle, nasal semi-circle. For comparison, the full ONH area is also included. Various positions and sizes of evaluating patterns in peripapillary region were tested which resulted in different outputs of correlation analysis. The results show significant correlation between PAA and RNFL thickness calculated in proposed areas. The highest correlation coefficient Rtemp = 0.557 (p<0.001) reflects the highest PAA-RNFL correspondence in the temporal semi-circular area, compared to the lowest value in the nasal semi-circular area (Rnasal = 0.332, p<0.001). Furthermore, the results indicate the most relevant approach to calculate PAA from the acquired video sequences is using a thin annulus near the ONH center. Finally, the paper shows the proposed photoplethysmographic principle based on innovative video ophthalmoscope can be used to analyze changes in retinal perfusion in peripapillary area and can be potentially used to assess progression of the RNFL deterioration.
The capabilities of neutron and photon activation analysis (NAA and PAA, respectively) for low-level determination of silicon in biological materials have been examined. Sensitivities of a variety of modes of NAA and PAA with radiochemical separation have been evaluated. Results are presented for silicon in reference materials CSRM 12-2-03 Lucerne, Bowen's Kale, NIST SRM-1571 Orchard Leaves, and NIST SRM-1515 Apple Leaves. The results were obtained by employing the 29Si(n,p)29Al reaction with fast reactor neutrons and the radiochemical procedure developed for aluminium separation. Possibilities of further improvement of the silicon determination limit down to the microg g(-1) level by employing NAA and PAA with radiochemical separation are outlined.
- MeSH
- aktivační analýza metody MeSH
- fotony MeSH
- hliník izolace a purifikace MeSH
- izotopy MeSH
- játra chemie MeSH
- křemík analýza MeSH
- neutronová aktivační analýza MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- radiochemie metody MeSH
- radionuklidy MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- rostliny chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hliník MeSH
- izotopy MeSH
- křemík MeSH
- radionuklidy MeSH
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) possess multiple redox enzyme mimetic activities in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a potential biomedicine. These enzymatic activities of CeNPs are closely related to their surface oxidation state. Here we have reported a synthetic method to modify CeNPs' surface oxidation state by changing the conformation of the poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymers adsorbed onto the CeNP surface. The synthesized PAA-CeNPs exhibited the same core size, morphology, crystal structure, and colloidal stability, with the only variation being their surface oxidation state (Ce3+ percentage). The modification mechanism can be attributed to the polymers chemisorbed onto the metal oxide surface forming a metal complexation structure. Such adsorption further modified CeNPs' surface oxidation state in a temperature-dependent manner. The series of PAA-CeNPs exhibited multiple redox enzyme mimetic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and oxidase) directly related to their surface oxidation state. In vitro experiments showed no cytotoxic effect of these PAA-CeNPs on the osteoblastic cell line SAOS-2 at high loadings. Microscopic images confirmed the internalization of PAA-CeNPs in the cells. All tested PAA-CeNPs can reduce the basal and hydrogen peroxide-induced intracellular ROS level in the cells, indicating their effective intracellular ROS scavenging effect. However, we did not observe a positive correlation between the CeNP surface oxidation state and their capacities to reduce the intracellular ROS levels. We propose that CeNPs can maintain a dynamic state of Ce3+/Ce4+ during their catalytic activities, exhibiting a non-linear correlation between the CeNP surface oxidation state and their effect on regulating the intracellular ROS level.
- MeSH
- akrylové pryskyřice chemie MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie MeSH
- cer chemie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- osteoblasty cytologie účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- peroxid vodíku farmakologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku chemie metabolismus MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- akrylové pryskyřice MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- carbopol 940 MeSH Prohlížeč
- cer MeSH
- ceric oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
