The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) is a unique calcium transport system, generally transporting calcium ions out of the cell in exchange for sodium ions. Nevertheless, under special conditions this transporter can also work in a reverse mode, in which direction of the ion transport is inverted-calcium ions are transported inside the cell and sodium ions are transported out of the cell. To date, three isoforms of the NCX have been identified and characterized in humans. Majority of information about the NCX function comes from isoform 1 (NCX1). Although knowledge about NCX function has evolved rapidly in recent years, little is known about these transport systems in cancer cells. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about NCX functions in individual types of cancer cells.

• Klíčová slova
• apoptosis, calcium, cancer cells, sodium-calcium exchanger,
• MeSH
• invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
• iontový transport MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory metabolismus   MeSH
• pumpa pro výměnu sodíku a vápníku metabolismus   MeSH
• sodík metabolismus   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• pumpa pro výměnu sodíku a vápníku MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• vápník MeSH

The epithelial cell is equipped with autoregulatory mechanisms that coordinate the rates of apical Na+ entry and basolateral Na+ extrusion, so that intracellular Na+ activity is maintained relatively constant when the rate of active Na+ transport changes. The increase of basolateral Na+ extrusion via the ouabain-inhibitable Na+,K(+)-ATPase during Na+ transport stimulation appears to be a result of both an increase in the number of operative Na+,K(+)-ATPase units in the basolateral cell membrane and in the Na+ turnover per Na+,K(+)-ATPase unit. Further, it is possible that the number of epithelial cells, which are involved in active Na+ transport, changes when the rate of Na+ transport is altered. Not only apical Na+ entry and basolateral Na+ extrusion are coupled, the basolateral membrane K+ conductance also changes in parallel with the rate of basolateral Na+ extrusion ("pump-leak parallelism"). These regulatory mechanisms serve to prevent inordinate changes in intracellular ion composition, transmembrane electrical potential difference, and cell volume. The cellular events taking place during stimulation of active transport resemble the changes during osmotic cell swelling. Hence, it is possible that cell volume changes are responsible for the coordination of apical and basolateral membrane properties.

• MeSH
• biologický transport fyziologie   MeSH
• epitel metabolismus   MeSH
• epitelové buňky MeSH
• homeostáza fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sodík metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sodík MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism as well as hyperaldosteronism have been associated with changes of epithelial transport. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of electrogenic amiloride-sensitive sodium transport by aldosterone in the distal colon of immature and adult rats. METHODS: The changes in amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current (Isc) and Na+, K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity were measured in suckling, weanling, and adult euthyroid and methimazole-induced hypothyroid rats. RESULTS: The developmental increase of thyroid hormones in control pups was associated with an increase in plasma aldosterone concentration and amiloride-sensitive Isc. The inhibition of the developmental increase of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in hypothyroid pups was followed by suppression of amiloride-sensitive Isc while aldosterone concentrations remained elevated. Moreover, the induction of amiloride-sensitive Isc by secondary hyperaldosteronism was inhibited in hypothyroid adult rats, and the effect of thyroid hormones on amiloride-sensitive Isc could not be explained by changes in the plasma aldosterone concentration. Hypothyroidism also led to a decrease of colonic Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. Replacement therapy of hypothyroid pups with triiodothyronine restored amiloride-sensitive Isc and increased Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid hormones have a permissive role in the regulation of electrogenic amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport by aldosterone.

• MeSH
• aldosteron metabolismus   MeSH
• amilorid MeSH
• hypotyreóza metabolismus   MeSH
• iontový transport MeSH
• kolon metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sodík metabolismus   MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus   MeSH
• stárnutí metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldosteron MeSH
• amilorid MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH

Tracer diffusion coefficients obtained from the Taylor dispersion technique at 25.0 °C were measured to study the influence of sodium, ammonium and magnesium salts at 0.01 and 0.1 mol dm-3 on the transport behavior of sodium hyaluronate (NaHy, 0.1%). The selection of these salts was based on their position in Hofmeister series, which describe the specific influence of different ions (cations and anions) on some physicochemical properties of a system that can be interpreted as a salting-in or salting-out effect. In our case, in general, an increase in the ionic strength (i.e., concentrations at 0.01 mol dm-3) led to a significant decrease in the limiting diffusion coefficient of the NaHy 0.1%, indicating, in those circumstances, the presence of salting-in effects. However, the opposite effect (salting-out) was verified with the increase in concentration of some salts, mainly for NH4SCN at 0.1 mol dm-3. In this particular salt, the cation is weakly hydrated and, consequently, its presence does not favor interactions between NaHy and water molecules, promoting, in those circumstances, less resistance to the movement of NaHy and thus to the increase of its diffusion (19%). These data, complemented by viscosity measurements, permit us to have a better understanding about the effect of these salts on the transport behaviour of NaHy.

• Klíčová slova
• Hofmeister series, sodium hyaluronate, transport properties, viscosity,
• MeSH
• anionty chemie   MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• chlorid lithný chemie   MeSH
• chlorid sodný chemie   MeSH
• difuze MeSH
• kationty chemie   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová chemie   MeSH
• osmolární koncentrace MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• síran amonný chemie   MeSH
• síran hořečnatý chemie   MeSH
• sírany chemie   MeSH
• soli chemie   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• thiokyanatany chemie   MeSH
• viskozita MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anionty MeSH
• chlorid lithný MeSH
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• kationty MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
• roztoky MeSH
• síran amonný MeSH
• síran hořečnatý MeSH
• sírany MeSH
• sodium sulfate MeSH Prohlížeč
• sodium thiocyanate MeSH Prohlížeč
• soli MeSH
• thiocyanic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• thiokyanatany MeSH
• voda MeSH

• MeSH
• draslík metabolismus   MeSH
• fungální proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• iontový transport účinky léků   MeSH
• lithium farmakologie   MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty * MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny * MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• sodík farmakologie   MeSH
• transportní proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• draslík MeSH
• fungální proteiny MeSH
• lithium MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty * MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny * MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• transportní proteiny MeSH
• TRK1 protein, S cerevisiae MeSH Prohlížeč
• TRK2 protein, S cerevisiae MeSH Prohlížeč

• MeSH
• aktivní transport MeSH
• chronické selhání ledvin moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peptidy * MeSH
• sodík antagonisté a inhibitory   moč   MeSH
• uremie moč   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• peptidy * MeSH
• serum sodium transport inhibitor MeSH Prohlížeč
• sodík MeSH

BACKGROUND: Disorders in sodium metabolism such as an increased total body exchangeable sodium, were found in diabetic patients, although the underlying mechanisms were not clear. The aim of the study was to evaluate red blood cell sodium transport in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) without diabetic nephropathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Renal hemodynamics using the clearance of inulin and para-amino-hippuric acid during euglycemic clamp and red blood cell sodium transport were examined in 13 IDDM patients without microalbuminuria and in 12 weight-, age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Despite normal renal hemodynamics and intracellular sodium concentrations (6.57 +/- 1.45 vs 5.95 +/- 0.60 mmol/l), IDDM patients had lowered clearance of sodium (2.22 +/_ 1.11 vs 3.24 +/- 1.32 ml/min; p < 0.01) and increased activity of natrium-lithium countertransport compared to C (0.76 +/- 0.50 vs 0.31 +/- 0.22 mmol.l-1 .h-1; p < 0.01). No significant differences between IDDM and C were found in Na+-K+ pump (7.95 +/- 1.95 vs 6.9 +/- 0.99 mmol.l-1 .h-1), in Na+-K+ cotransport (0.68 +/- 0.82 vs 0.82 +/- 0.71 mmol.l-1 .h-1) and in passive Na+ permeability (0.11 +/- 0.05 vs 0.09 +/- 0.02 mmoll.l-1 .h-1). CONCLUSIONS: IDDM patients without signs of diabetic nephropathy have shown changes in sodium-lithium countertransport which could play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and hypertension in the course of the disease.

• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erytrocytární membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sodík krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sodík MeSH

• MeSH
• aktivní transport * MeSH
• draslík metabolismus   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• serotonin metabolismus   MeSH
• sodík metabolismus   MeSH
• trombocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• draslík MeSH
• serotonin MeSH
• sodík MeSH

A group of 44 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) and 20 healthy subjects were investigated under the conditions of normal dietary NaCl intake and after one week of salt load with a daily addition of 5 g NaCl per os. After the salt load, the mean blood pressure increased significantly in 47% subjects (salt-sensitive) and their natriuretic response was accompanied by an increase of glomerular filtration rate. The rates of ouabain-sensitive (OST) and furosemide-sensitive transport (FST) were decreased in patients with chronic GN even before salt loading which did not change these values. The lower OST rate can be explained by a reduced affinity for internal Na+. A decreased affinity of the Na(+)-K+ cotransport system for internal Na+ was detected only in hypertensive GN patients. In our study, no relationship between salt-sensitivity and red cell sodium transport either in normotensive or in hypertensive GN patients was found.

• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• draslík farmakologie   MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• furosemid farmakologie   MeSH
• glomerulonefritida krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• krevní tlak * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• natriuréza MeSH
• ouabain farmakologie   MeSH
• sodík dietní aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• sodík krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• draslík MeSH
• furosemid MeSH
• ouabain MeSH
• sodík dietní MeSH
• sodík MeSH

Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and some hormones influencing their transport was investigated before and after i.v. furosemide administration in 10 offsprings of normotensive subjects who had a normal Na(+)-K+ cotransport activity and in 26 normotensive men with a positive family history of essential hypertension. The latter group was divided into two subgroups with regard to the activity of red cell Na(+)-K+ cotransport. The Co[-] subjects with a decreased Na(+)-K+ cotransport activity had lower urinary excretion of sodium and vasodilators (kallikrein, dopamine, PGE2 and prostacyclin) after furosemide administration. The urinary excretion of vasopressor factors (PGF2 alpha, thromboxane) was unchanged as compared with that in the control group. There was a significant correlation between Na(+)-K+ cotransport activity and kallikrein excretion. These results suggest a deficit in the secretion of renal substances with vasodilating or natriuretic effects in Co[-] subjects. This could negatively affect their sodium excretion.

• MeSH
• aldosteron krev   MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• dinoprost moč   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• draslík moč   MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• furosemid farmakologie   MeSH
• hypertenze metabolismus   MeSH
• kalikreiny moč   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• natriuréza MeSH
• renin krev   MeSH
• sodík krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• thromboxany moč   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldosteron MeSH
• dinoprost MeSH
• draslík MeSH
• furosemid MeSH
• kalikreiny MeSH
• renin MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• thromboxany MeSH