• Klíčová slova
• AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM/physiology *, CALCIUM/metabolism *, MENTAL DISORDERS/metabolism *, POTASSIUM/metabolism *,
• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém fyziologie   MeSH
• draslík metabolismus   MeSH
• duševní poruchy metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• draslík MeSH
• vápník MeSH

The protein synthesis elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) was identified in dormant spores of Streptomyces aureofaciens and its content and distribution in vegetative cells and dormant spores were determined. Cell-free homogenates from spores were found to contain a EF-Tu cleaving membrane bound protease. The protease cleaved aggregated EF-Tu much less efficiently than non-aggregated factor in cell homogenates. The relative content of EF-Tu and ribosomes in dormant spores was very similar to that found in exponentially growing vegetative cells.

• MeSH
• buněčná membrána enzymologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cytoplazma analýza   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• elongační faktor Tu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteasy metabolismus   MeSH
• ribozomy analýza   MeSH
• spory bakteriální analýza   enzymologie   MeSH
• Streptomyces aureofaciens analýza   enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• elongační faktor Tu MeSH
• proteasy MeSH

Vegetative dormancy, that is the temporary absence of aboveground growth for ≥ 1 year, is paradoxical, because plants cannot photosynthesise or flower during dormant periods. We test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses for its widespread persistence. We show that dormancy has evolved numerous times. Most species displaying dormancy exhibit life-history costs of sprouting, and of dormancy. Short-lived and mycoheterotrophic species have higher proportions of dormant plants than long-lived species and species with other nutritional modes. Foliage loss is associated with higher future dormancy levels, suggesting that carbon limitation promotes dormancy. Maximum dormancy duration is shorter under higher precipitation and at higher latitudes, the latter suggesting an important role for competition or herbivory. Study length affects estimates of some demographic parameters. Our results identify life historical and environmental drivers of dormancy. We also highlight the evolutionary importance of the little understood costs of sprouting and growth, latitudinal stress gradients and mixed nutritional modes.

• Klíčová slova
• Adaptation, Asteraceae, Ophioglossaceae, Orchidaceae, bet-hedging, demography, herbivory, latitudinal gradient, stress,
• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• býložravci * MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• květy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH

Many plant cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state that allows ectopic organ development. Inducing totipotent states to stimulate somatic embryo (SE) development is, however, challenging due to insufficient understanding of molecular barriers that prevent somatic cell dedifferentiation. Here we show that Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-activity imposes a barrier to hormone-mediated transcriptional reprogramming towards somatic embryogenesis in vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. We identify factors that enable SE development in PRC2-depleted shoot and root tissue and demonstrate that the establishment of embryogenic potential is marked by ectopic co-activation of crucial developmental regulators that specify shoot, root and embryo identity. Using inducible activation of PRC2 in PRC2-depleted cells, we demonstrate that transient reduction of PRC2 activity is sufficient for SE formation. We suggest that modulation of PRC2 activity in plant vegetative tissue combined with targeted activation of developmental pathways will open possibilities for novel approaches to cell reprogramming.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis účinky léků   genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové farmakologie   MeSH
• PRC2 MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• represorové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• somatická embryogeneze rostlin * MeSH
• výhonky rostlin růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
• PRC2 protein, Arabidopsis MeSH Prohlížeč
• PRC2 MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku MeSH
• represorové proteiny MeSH

This study responds to the priorities of the National Health Strategy aimed at control and mitigation of the hazardous effects of the workplace factors on cardio-vascular diseases of people in active working age from the branch "Mining industry". The aim of this work is to study the vegetative balance (by analysis of heart rate variability--AHRV) and the correlations with the state of miners' hearing functions. Sixty eight miners (diggers and mate-diggers) from mining industry were studied. This paper treats the results of AHRV examination of 25 miners who have no major and additional causes, leading to hearing injury--traumas, other diseases, medicines, etc. The analysis of heart rate variability was made by computer analysis of heart rate and variability. Standard ECG electrodes at bi-polar breast lead-off were used for recording ECG signals. The echo-cardiographic signal was converted by an ECG converter board into epochs of cardiac events (R-R intervals) for 10 minutes. The principal indices of heart rate variability were analysed. The obtained results provide the ground for further comprehensive studies on different workers contingents from other industries in order to detect workers with initial changes in the hearing analyser and to establish the corresponding pathogenetically based registration, monitoring, and treatment system. The studies conducted for monitoring the dynamic of vegetative equilibrium reflect the degree of disturbed heterostasis by chronically manifested sympatic activity in miners, diagnosed by AHRV indices. The revealed significant relationships between hearing changes and AHRV indices prove the presence of an extra-aural paraprofessional effect and statistically significant relations with the changes in the critical organ. The revealed highly significant correlations between AHRV indices and hearing show a significant relationship between the physiological vegetative level (assessed by AHRV) and the hearing status at chronic exposure to work-related stress factors in miners. The chronic sympathicotonia is an additional pathogenic factor (besides acoustic stress) manifested by spastic changes in the microcirculation of the cochlear neuroreceptor elements.

• MeSH
• audiologie metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektrokardiografie MeSH
• hluk na pracovišti škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• hygiena práce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci z povolání etiologie   MeSH
• nervus cochlearis zranění   MeSH
• poruchy sluchu etiologie   MeSH
• sluch fyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• vibrace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Depressive disorders and cardiovascular disease are inter-connected by a whole range of pathophysiological mechanisms. Three biological mechanisms are fundamental: activation of the hypothalamus-hypohysis-adrenal axis with a subsequent increase in sympathetic-adrenal system activity, decrease in vagal tone with a decrease in heart rate variability, and alterations of thrombogenesis with increased platelet aggregability. Behavioural mechanisms and psycho-social factors are also integral to this common pathophysiology. Recently, research has focused mainly on studying various forms of stress, as well as changes and possibilities of influencing the autonomous vegetative system. Temporal aspects of the incidence and development of depressive episodes in relation to cardiovascular disease and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are being studied, as well as general mortality risk factors. These findings are important for clinical practice. It is evident that in patients with untreated depressive disorder, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease is significantly higher than in patients suffering from a depressive disorder being treated with anti-depressants. From the data published so far, it may be surmised that depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular disease may be reliably and safely treated with anti-depressants that act as inhibitors of serotonin re-uptake.

• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• depresivní poruchy komplikace   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci komplikace   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychologie MeSH
• systém hypofýza - nadledviny patofyziologie   MeSH
• systém hypotalamus-hypofýza patofyziologie   MeSH
• zánět komplikace   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that disease burden due to low fruit and vegetable consumption is higher in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) than any other parts of the world. However, no large scale studies have investigated the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and mortality in these regions yet. DESIGN: The Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study is a prospective cohort study with participants recruited from the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia. METHODS: Dietary data was collected using food frequency questionnaire. Mortality data was ascertained through linkage with death registers. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression models. RESULTS: Among 19,333 disease-free participants at baseline, 1314 died over the mean follow-up of 7.1 years. After multivariable adjustment, we found statistically significant inverse association between cohort-specific quartiles of F&V intake and stroke mortality: the highest vs lowest quartile hazard ratio (HR) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.98). For total mortality, significant interaction (p = 0.008) between F&V intake and smoking was found. The associations were statistically significant in smokers, with HR 0.70 (0.53-0.91, p for trend: 0.011) for total mortality, and 0.62 (0.40-0.97, p for trend: 0.037) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The association was appeared to be mediated by blood pressure, and F&V intake explained a considerable proportion of the mortality differences between the Czech and Russian cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that increasing F&V intake may reduce CVD mortality in CEE and FSU, particularly among smokers and hypertensive individuals.

• Klíčová slova
• Fruit and vegetable intake, former Soviet Union, mortality; Central and Eastern Europe,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dieta * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hypertenze epidemiologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• ovoce * MeSH
• pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky   epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
• zelenina * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

The epidermal cell layer of plants has important functions in regulating plant growth and development. We have studied the impact of an altered epidermal cytokinin metabolism on Arabidopsis shoot development. Increased epidermal cytokinin synthesis or breakdown was achieved through expression of the cytokinin synthesis gene LOG4 and the cytokinin-degrading CKX1 gene, respectively, under the control of the epidermis-specific AtML1 promoter. During vegetative growth, increased epidermal cytokinin production caused an increased size of the shoot apical meristem and promoted earlier flowering. Leaves became larger and the shoots showed an earlier juvenile-to-adult transition. An increased cytokinin breakdown had the opposite effect on these phenotypic traits indicating that epidermal cytokinin metabolism can be a factor regulating these aspects of shoot development. The phenotypic consequences of abbreviated cytokinin signaling in the epidermis achieved through expression of the ARR1-SRDX repressor were generally milder or even absent indicating that the epidermal cytokinin acts, at least in part, cell non-autonomously. Enhanced epidermal cytokinin synthesis delayed cell differentiation during leaf development leading to an increased cell proliferation and leaf growth. Genetic analysis showed that this cytokinin activity was mediated mainly by the AHK3 receptor and the transcription factor ARR1. We also demonstrate that epidermal cytokinin promotes leaf growth in a largely cell-autonomous fashion. Increased cytokinin synthesis in the outer layer of reproductive tissues and in the placenta enhanced ovule formation by the placenta and caused the formation of larger siliques. This led to a higher number of seeds in larger pods resulting in an increased seed yield per plant. Collectively, the results provide evidence that the cytokinin metabolism in the epidermis is a relevant parameter determining vegetative and reproductive plant growth and development.

• Klíčová slova
• Arabidopsis, cytokinin, developmental transitions, epidermis, seed yield, shoot growth,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: No previous study in Venezuela and few in the Region of the Americas have reported national cardiometabolic health data. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) in adults of Venezuela. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional, and randomized cluster sampling national study was designed to recruit 4454 adults with 20 years or older from the eight regions of the country from July 2014 to January 2017. Sociodemographic, clinical, physical activity, nutritional, and psychological questionnaires; anthropometrics, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were obtained. The results were weighted by gender, age, and regions. RESULTS: Data from 3414 participants (77% of recruited), 52.2% female, mean age of 41.2 ± 15.8 years, were analyzed. CMRF adjusted-prevalence were: diabetes (12.3%), prediabetes (34.9%), hypertension (34.1%), obesity (24.6%), overweight (34.4%), abdominal obesity (47.6%), underweight (4.4%), hypercholesterolemia (19.8%), hypertriglyceridemia (22.7%), low HDL-cholesterol (63.2%), high LDL-c (20.5%), daily consumption of fruits (20.9%) and vegetables (30.0%), insufficient physical activity (35.2%), anxiety (14.6%) and depression (3.2%) symptoms, current smoker (11.7%), and high (≥ 20%) 10-year fatal cardiovascular risk (14.0%). CMRF prevalence varied according to gender, age and region of residence. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiometabolic risk factors are highly prevalent in Venezuelan adults. This situation can be affected by the severe socio-economic crisis in the country. The joint action of different stakeholders to implement public health strategies for the prevention and treatment of these risk factors in Venezuela is urgently needed.

• Klíčová slova
• Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Risk factors, Tobacco, Venezuela,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiometabolické riziko * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Venezuela epidemiologie   MeSH

IMPORTANCE: Postoperative bleeding is a common and potentially life-threatening complication. Precise identification of risk factors in addition to the basic ones, such as coagulation parameters, is certainly very desirable. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify other possible risk factors for bleeding after adenoidectomy in children. DESIGN: This observational prospective study enrolled children undergoing adenoidectomy from October 2019 to February 2020, then evaluated the influence of possible risk factors for bleeding. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric otorhinolaryngology center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 288 children aged 0-18 years undergoing adenoidectomy for recurrent upper respiratory tract infections, recurrent acute otitis media, secretory otitis media, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Increased blood pressure and time of surgery were identified as risk factors for bleeding after adenoidectomy. RESULTS: Elevated systolic (p = 0.046), diastolic (p = 0.012), and mean arterial blood pressure (p = 0.007) (Mann-Whitney U test) as adjusted for age-specific distributions and with corrections for height and weight, as well as time length of surgery (p < 0.001) (Fisher's exact test) were revealed as statistically significant risk factors for postoperative bleeding. Atmospheric pressure, surgeon's level of experiences, chronic inflammatory content in adenoid vegetation (AV), size of AV, recidivism of AV, recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, type of anesthesia, long-term using of drugs, and positive coagulation questionnaire or pathology in standard coagulation tests were not found to be risk factors for bleeding after adenoidectomy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this prospective study within a well-defined population of children, we evaluated increased blood pressure and time of surgery as risk factors for bleeding after adenoidectomy. These data bring new information that complements current knowledge in this field.

• Klíčová slova
• adenoidectomy, bleeding, children, risk factors, surgery,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH