In this paper, we present a preliminary study and conceptual idea concerning 3D printing water-sensitive glass, using a borosilicate glass with high alkali and alkaline oxide contents as an example in direct ink writing. The investigated material was prepared in the form of a glass frit, which was further ground in order to obtain a fine powder of desired particle size distribution. In a following step, inks were prepared by mixing the fine glass powder with Pluoronic F-127 hydrogel. The acquired pastes were rheologically characterized and printed using a Robocasting device. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed for base materials and the obtained green bodies. After sintering, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were carried out in order to examine microstructure and the eventual presence of crystalline phase inclusions. The results confirmed that the as obtained inks exhibit stable rheological properties despite the propensity of glass to undergo hydrolysis and could be adjusted to desirable values for 3D printing. No additional phase was observed, supporting the suitability of the designed technology for the production of water sensitive glass inks. SEM micrographs of the sintered samples revealed the presence of closed porosity, which may be the main reason of light scattering.

• Klíčová slova
• direct ink writing, glass, rheology,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Publishing in reputable peer-reviewed journals is an integral step of the clinical pharmacy research process, allowing for knowledge transfer and advancement in clinical pharmacy practice. Writing a manuscript for publication in a journal requires several careful considerations to ensure that research findings are communicated to the satisfaction of editors and reviewers, and effectively to the readers. This commentary provides a summary of the main points to consider, outlining how to: (1) select a suitable journal, (2) tailor the manuscript for the journal readership, (3) organise the content of the manuscript in line with the journal's guidelines, and (4) manage feedback from the peer review process. This commentary reviews the steps of the writing process, identifies common pitfalls, and proposes ways to overcome them. It aims to assist both novice and established researchers in the field of clinical pharmacy to enhance the quality of writing in a research paper to maximise impact.

• Klíčová slova
• Clinical pharmacy, Journal article, Peer review, Publishing, Research, Writing,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocniční lékárny * MeSH
• posudkové řízení MeSH
• psaní MeSH
• publikování MeSH
• výzkum v lékárnictví * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The spatial location of activation for writing individual letters and for writing simple dots was studied using event-related functional MRI. Ten healthy right-handed subjects were scanned while performing two different protocols with self-paced repetitive movement. In the first protocol with self-paced dot writing, we observed significant activation in regions known to participate in motor control: contralateral to the movement in the primary sensorimotor and supramarginal cortices, the supplementary motor area (SMA) with the underlying cingulate, in the thalamus and, to a lesser extent, in the ipsilateral inferior parietal and occipital cortices. In the second protocol, we investigated an elemental writing feature--writing single letters. We observed statistically significant changes in the premotor, sensorimotor and supramarginal cortices, the SMA and the thalamus with left predominance, and in the bilateral premotor and inferior/superior parietal cortices. The parietal region that was active during the writing of single letters spanned the border between the parietal superior and inferior lobuli Brodmann area (BA 2, 40), deep in the intraparietal sulcus, with a surprising right-sided dominance. The direct comparison of the results of the two protocols was not significant with a confidence level of P<0.05 corrected for whole brain volume. Thus, the ROI approach was used, and we tried to find significant differences within the two predefined regions of interest (ROI) (BA 7, BA 37). The differences were found with a confidence level of P<0.05 corrected for the volume of these predicted areas. The ROI were located in the posterior parts of hemispheres, in the ventral and in the dorsal visual pathway. The right-sided posterior cortices may play a role in the elemental mechanisms of writing. It is possible that activation of this region is linked with the spatial dimension of the writing.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• funkční lateralita MeSH
• kyslík krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• psaní * MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• temenní lalok krevní zásobení   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyslík MeSH

In this study, novel flexible micro-scale humidity sensors were directly fabricated in graphene oxide (GO) and polyimide (PI) using ion beam writing without any further modifications, and then successfully tested in an atmospheric chamber. Two low fluences (3.75 × 1014 cm-2 and 5.625 × 1014 cm-2) of carbon ions with an energy of 5 MeV were used, and structural changes in the irradiated materials were expected. The shape and structure of prepared micro-sensors were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural and compositional changes in the irradiated area were characterized using micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford back-scattering spectroscopy (RBS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) spectroscopy. The sensing performance was tested at a relative humidity (RH) ranging from 5% to 60%, where the electrical conductivity of PI varied by three orders of magnitude, and the electrical capacitance of GO varied in the order of pico-farads. In addition, the PI sensor has proven long-term sensing stability in air. We demonstrated a novel method of ion micro-beam writing to prepare flexible micro-sensors that function over a wide range of humidity and have good sensitivity and great potential for widespread applications.

• Klíčová slova
• carbon ion micro-beam writing, graphene oxide, humidity sensors, polymers,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In the biomedical industry, tricalcium phosphate is a bioceramic substance that is frequently employed in the fabrication of scaffolds and bone structures. Fabrication of porous ceramic structures using conventional manufacturing techniques is very challenging because of the brittle nature of the ceramics, which has led to a newly adapted direct ink writing additive manufacturing method. This work investigates the rheology and extrudability of TCP inks to produce near-net-shape structures. Viscosity and extrudability tests found that stable TCP: Pluronic ink of 50 vol.% was more reliable compared to other tested inks prepared from a functional polymer group polyvinyl alcohol. A line study was carried out to identify the printing parameters suitable for printing structures from the selected ink with lesser dimensional error. Printing speed 5 mm/s and extrusion pressure 3 bar was found suitable to print a scaffold through a nozzle of 0.6 mm, keeping the stand-off distance equal to the nozzle diameter. The printed scaffold was further investigated for its physical and morphological structure of the green body. A suitable drying behavior was studied to remove the green body without cracking and wrapping before the sintering of the scaffold.

• Klíčová slova
• additive manufacturing, compressive strength, dimensional error, direct ink writing, rheology, scaffold, tricalcium phosphate,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• čtení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• psaní * MeSH
• vývoj dítěte * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The speed of writing of state-of-the-art ferromagnetic memories is physically limited by an intrinsic gigahertz threshold. Recently, realization of memory devices based on antiferromagnets, in which spin directions periodically alternate from one atomic lattice site to the next has moved research in an alternative direction. We experimentally demonstrate at room temperature that the speed of reversible electrical writing in a memory device can be scaled up to terahertz using an antiferromagnet. A current-induced spin-torque mechanism is responsible for the switching in our memory devices throughout the 12-order-of-magnitude range of writing speeds from hertz to terahertz. Our work opens the path toward the development of memory-logic technology reaching the elusive terahertz band.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Hand tremor often causes disability in patients with essential tremor (ET). Aim of the study was to investigate whether tremor magnitude, a new single quantitative score obtained from digital tablet recordings of writing and drawing, is able to adequately reflect disability in ET patients. Mean tremor magnitude values showed significant difference between 14 ET patients and 14 healthy age matched controls (p<0.0001). The tremor magnitude values showed significant correlation with standard methods of clinical assessment (p<0.01). We present tremor magnitude as an index that reflects disability resulting from tremor and can help to evaluate ET.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• esenciální tremor diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• psaní * MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The additive manufacturing technique of direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization (2PP-DLW) enables the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with superior accuracy and flexibility. When combined with biomimetic hydrogel materials, 2PP-DLW can be used to recreate the microarchitectures of the extracellular matrix. However, there are currently only a limited number of hydrogels applicable for 2PP-DLW. In order to widen the selection of synthetic biodegradable hydrogels, in this work we studied the 2PP-DLW of methacryloylated and acryloylated poly(α-amino acid)s (poly(AA)s). The performance of these materials was compared to widely used poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates (PEGdas) in terms of polymerization and damage thresholds, voxel size, line width, post-polymerization swelling and deformation. We found that both methacryloylated and acryloylated poly(AA) hydrogels are suitable to 2PP-DLW with a wider processing window than PEGdas. The poly(AA) with the highest degree of acryloylation showed the greatest potential for 3D microfabrication.

• Klíčová slova
• Direct laser writing, Hydrogel, Microfabrication, Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, Polyamino acid, Two-photon polymerization,
• MeSH
• aminokyseliny chemie   MeSH
• fotony MeSH
• hydrogely * MeSH
• lasery MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly chemie   MeSH
• polymerizace * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• hydrogely * MeSH
• poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyethylenglykoly MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PRESCRIPTIONS *,
• MeSH
• lékařské předpisy * MeSH
• lékové předpisy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psaní * MeSH
• vnitřní lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH