agaricomycetes Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Cerrenaceae is a small family of polypores and hydnoid fungi in the order Polyporales (Basidiomycota). The family consists of white-rot fungi, some of which are serious tree pathogens. Combining morphological evidence with a phylogenetic dataset of six genetic markers, we revise generic concepts in the family and propose a seven-genus classification system for the family. Two genera are introduced as new: the monotypic Acanthodontia for Radulodon cirrhatinus, and Lividopora for the Rigidoporus vinctus complex. We re-introduce the name Somion for the Spongipellis delectans complex. Other recognized genera in the family are Cerrena, Irpiciporus, Pseudolagarobasidium, and Radulodon. New species introduced are Irpiciporus branchiformis from Tanzania, Lividopora armeniaca, and L. facilis from Southeast Asia, and Somion strenuum from East Asia. We provide nomenclatural comments on all the names combined to the above Cerrenaceae genera and typify Cerrena unicolor, C. zonata, Polyporus carneopallens (= L. vincta), Somion occarium, and S. unicolor. The genus Hyphoradulum belongs to Cystostereaceae (Agaricales), and we transfer the type species H. conspicuum to Crustomyces. Our study highlights the importance of integrating different basidiocarp types in analyses when revising genus classification in macrofungi. Citation: Miettinen O, Vlasák J, Larsson E, Vlasák J Jr., Seelan JSS, Hernawati, Levicky Q, Larsson K-H, Spirin V (2023). A revised genus-level classification for Cerrenaceae (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 12: 271-322. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.14.
- Klíčová slova
- hydnoid fungi, hyphal system, new taxa, pathogenic fungi, polypore, root rot disease, systematics, taxonomy,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The tinder polypore, Fomes fomentarius, is a wood-decaying macrofungus well known for its potential use in a wide range of biotechnological applications. The existence of 3 distinct internal transcribed spacer lineages/sublineages among its strains has been clearly established. Sublineage A1 consists of strains isolated from North America, whereas sublineage A2 consists of strains only from Europe. Lineage B comprises strains from Europe and Asia. A better understanding of the biological features of F. fomentarius lineages/sublineages could lead to improved characterization, leading to better biotechnological applications. The medicinal value of F. fomentarius is discussed.
Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on a commercially available wheat straw substrate enriched with Zn and Se. Various amounts of Zn (10, 50, and 100 mg) and Se (1, 5, and 10 mg) in suitable forms ((CH3COO)2Zn·2H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, and Na2SeO3·5H2O, respectively) were dissolved in 50 ml of deionized water and homogenously nebulized into the substrate block of 2.4 kg weight. The increase in the Zn content in fruiting bodies cultivated on the enriched substrate was relatively low compared with fruiting bodies cultivated on the substrate with no addition at the first flush. The application of different Zn compounds (acetate vs. nitrate) gave similar results. However, the addition of 1 mg of Se into the cultivation substrate block increased the content of Se in fruiting bodies to about 3-6 mg/kg dry matter. This content was one order of magnitude higher compared with the Se content in fruiting bodies harvested from the substrate with no Se addition (< 0.12-0.58 mg/kg dry matter). In the case of the addition of 5 mg of Se, there was a further significant increase in the content of this element to about 40-60 mg/kg dry matter.
Water extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus containing no statins showed 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitory activity (in vitro) that might be due to specific water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPs); when isolated and deproteinized, increasing concentrations of the WSP extract induced higher inhibition. The WSP extract contained mainly β-glucans, mannogalactans, and glycogen (e.g., α-glucans), although derivatives or fragments with lower molecular weights (between 14 and 3.5 kDa) were present and were able to induce the inhibitory activity. The extract contained more β-(1→3)-glucans than β-(11→3),(11→6)-glucans, and they partially survived digestion and managed to pass through Caco2 cell monolayers to the lower compartment after in vitro digestion and transport experiments. The WSP might also modulate Caco2 membrane integrity.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána účinky léků MeSH
- Caco-2 buňky MeSH
- epitelové buňky účinky léků MeSH
- hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-reduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- Pleurotus chemie MeSH
- polysacharidy chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- HMGCR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA-reduktasy MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
In this study, selected detrimental and essential elements were determined in fruiting bodies of Auricularia auricula-judae, Tylopilus felleus, and Pleurotus ostreatus medicinal mushrooms. A. auricula-judae and T. felleus were collected from sampling sites situated in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic, while P. ostreatus samples were obtained after cultivation under defined conditions on a straw substrate block. The elements were determined in underlying soils for T. felleus and bioconcentration factors were calculated. The analysis revealed that T. felleus accumulated Rb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Se, and Mg, with bioconcentration factors of 65.7, 2.47, 2.32, 1.93, 1.67, and 1.27, respectively. The analysis also revealed high contents (expressed as medians) of Ca (1600 mg/kg) and Mg (2040 mg/kg) in A. auricula-judae. On the other hand, the contents of detrimental elements such as Pb (0.10 mg/kg), Cd (0.33 mg/kg), and As (0.10 mg/kg) were lower. In cultivated P. ostreatus, lower element contents for Pb (< 0.05 mg/kg), Al (3.92 mg/kg), Ca (53.6 mg/kg), Mn (3.22 mg/kg), Ni (0.11 mg/kg), and Sr (0.93 mg/kg) were determined compared to both wild-growing A. auricula-judae and T. felleus. No negative effect on human health is expected for the mushroom species studied due to the accumulation of detrimental microelements.
- MeSH
- Agaricales * chemie MeSH
- Auricularia MeSH
- Basidiomycota MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- olovo MeSH
- Pleurotus * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kadmium MeSH
- olovo MeSH
Melanoleuca is one of the taxonomically most complicated genera of Agaricomycetes with several taxonomically lineages. The subgenus Urticocystis of the genus Melanoleuca contains species with either urticoid or absent cheilocystidia. In this paper, three new European species, Melanoleuca galbuserae, Melanoleuca fontenlae, and Melanoleuca acystidiata are described as new to science. Melanoleuca galbuserae, related to Melanoleuca stepposa and Melanoleuca tristis, was discovered in alpine grasslands in North Italy. The type specimens and recent collections of Melanoleuca angelesiana, Melanoleuca castaneofusca, Melanoleuca luteolosperma, Melanoleuca pseudopaedida, and Melanoleuca robertiana were sequenced and morphologically examined. Moreover, the related Melanoleuca microcephala and Melanoleuca paedida were included in morphological examination and DNA sequence analyses. All the species were delimited by macro- and micromorphological characters and the multigene phylogenetic analyses of a combined (ITS, rpb2, and tef1) dataset on the basis of the species tree estimation. In accordance with new molecular and morphological data, we suggest taxonomic reappraisal of M. pseudopaedida and M. robertiana, and M. fontenlae and M. acystidiata are proposed as new species. The differences between the type material of M. angelesiana from the USA and European M. angelesiana specimens are discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- DNA sequencing, agaricomycetes, systematics, type studies,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of raw and culinary processed shiitake mushrooms were evaluated and compared with those of lenthionine (1,2,3,5,6-penta-thiepane), the principal aroma-bearing substance of the shiitake medicinal mushroom (Lentinus edodes). Antimicrobial activity was tested using a panel of 4 strains of bacteria, 2 yeasts, and 2 fungi. Cytotoxic properties were evaluated against 3 cell lines (HepG2, HeLa, PaTu), whereas the anti-inflammatory activity of tested samples was assayed based on their ability to attenuate the secretion of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α. Antioxidant activity was measured using in vitro DPPH and ABTS assays. It was found that lenthionine possesses significant antimicrobial properties; it is remarkably effective in inhibiting the growth of yeasts and fungi (minimum inhibitory concentration, 2-8 μg/mL) and thus is comparable to standard antifungal agents. Lenthionine is also able to decrease significantly the production of tumor necrosis factor-a and thus could be at least partly responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effect of shiitake. On the other hand, lenthionine does not seem to contribute significantly to the well-known anticancer and antioxidant effects of the mushroom.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antiflogistika izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- cytokiny účinky léků MeSH
- cytotoxiny izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- HeLa buňky MeSH
- houby šii-take chemie MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- kvasinky účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- thiepiny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antiflogistika MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- cytotoxiny MeSH
- lenthionine MeSH Prohlížeč
- thiepiny MeSH
Atheliales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) is an order mostly composed of corticioid fungi, containing roughly 100 described species in 20 genera. Members exhibit remarkable ecological diversity, including saprotrophs, ectomycorrhizal symbionts, facultative parasites of plants or lichens, and symbionts of termites. Ectomycorrhizal members are well known because they often form a major part of boreal and temperate fungal communities. However, Atheliales is generally understudied, and molecular data are scarce. Furthermore, the order is riddled with many taxonomic problems; some genera are non-monophyletic and several species have been shown to be more closely related to other orders. We investigated the phylogenetic position of genera that are currently listed in Atheliales sensu lato by employing an Agaricomycetes-wide dataset with emphasis on Atheliales including the type species of genera therein. A phylogenetic analysis based on 5.8S, LSU, rpb2, and tef1 (excluding third codon) retrieved Atheliales in subclass Agaricomycetidae, as sister to Lepidostromatales. In addition, a number of Atheliales genera were retrieved in other orders with strong support: Byssoporia in Russulales, Digitatispora in Agaricales, Hypochnella in Polyporales, Lyoathelia in Hymenochaetales, and Pteridomyces in Trechisporales. Based on this result, we assembled another dataset focusing on the clade with Atheliales sensu stricto and representatives from Lepidostromatales and Boletales as outgroups, based on ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), LSU, rpb2, and tef1. The reconstructed phylogeny of Atheliales returned five distinct lineages, which we propose here as families. Lobulicium, a monotypic genus with a distinct morphology of seven-lobed basidiospores, was placed as sister to the rest of Atheliales. A new family is proposed to accommodate this genus, Lobuliciaceae fam. nov. The remaining four lineages can be named following the family-level classification by Jülich (1982), and thus we opted to use the names Atheliaceae, Byssocorticiaceae, Pilodermataceae, and Tylosporaceae, albeit with amended circumscriptions.
- Klíčová slova
- Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Corticioid fungi, Family-level taxonomy, Multi-locus phylogeny,
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota * genetika MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA fungální MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
Lagarobasidium is a small genus of wood-decaying basidiomycetes in the order Hymenochaetales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have either supported Lagarobasidium as a distinct taxon or indicated that it should be subsumed under Xylodon, a genus that covers the majority of species formerly placed in Hyphodontia. We used sequences from the ITS and nuclear LSU regions to infer the phylogenetic position of the type species L.detriticum. Analyses confirm Lagarobasidium as a synonym of Xylodon. Molecular and morphological information show that the traditional concept of L.detriticum covers at least two species, Xylodondetriticus from Europe and X.pruinosus with known distribution in Europe and North America. Three species currently placed in Lagarobasidium are transferred to Xylodon, viz. X.magnificus, X.pumilius and X.rickii. Three new Xylodon species are described and illustrated, X.ussuriensis and X.crystalliger from East Asia and X.attenuatus from the Pacific Northwest America. The identity of X.nongravis, described from Sri Lanka, is discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- Agaricomycetes, Hyphodontia, ITS, LSU, phylogeny,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A new ectomycorrhizal species was discovered during the first survey of fungal diversity at Brijuni National Park (Croatia), which consists of 14 islands and islets. The National Park is located in the Mediterranean Biogeographical Region, a prominent climate change hot-spot. Inocybe brijunica sp. nov., from sect. Hysterices (Agaricales, Inocybaceae), is described based on morphology and multilocus phylogenetic data. The holotype collection was found at the edge between grassland and Quercus ilex forest with a few planted Pinus pinea trees, on Veli Brijun Island, the largest island of the archipelago. It is easily recognized by a conspicuous orange to orange-red-brown membranaceous surface layer located at or just above the basal part of the stipe. Other distinctive features of I. brijunica are the medium brown, radially fibrillose to rimose pileus; pale to medium brown stipe with fugacious cortina; relatively small, amygdaliform to phaseoliform, and smooth basidiospores, measuring ca. 6.5-9 × 4-5.5 µm; thick-walled, utriform, lageniform or fusiform pleurocystidia (lamprocystidia) with crystals and mostly not yellowing in alkaline solutions; cheilocystidia of two types (lamprocystidia and leptocystidia); and the presence of abundant caulocystidia only in the upper 2-3 mm of the stipe. Phylogenetic reconstruction of a concatenated dataset of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the nuclear 28S rRNA gene (nrLSU), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) resolved I. brijunica and I. glabripes as sister species.
- Klíčová slova
- 1 new taxon, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Inocybaceae, biodiversity, climate change, taxonomy,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
