polypore Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The tinder polypore, Fomes fomentarius, is a wood-decaying macrofungus well known for its potential use in a wide range of biotechnological applications. The existence of 3 distinct internal transcribed spacer lineages/sublineages among its strains has been clearly established. Sublineage A1 consists of strains isolated from North America, whereas sublineage A2 consists of strains only from Europe. Lineage B comprises strains from Europe and Asia. A better understanding of the biological features of F. fomentarius lineages/sublineages could lead to improved characterization, leading to better biotechnological applications. The medicinal value of F. fomentarius is discussed.
In this study, we focused on the isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides from a basidiocarp of polypore fungus Ganoderma resinaceum. Polysaccharide fractions were obtained by successive extractions with cold water at room temperature (20 °C), hot water under reflux (100 °C), and a solution of 1 mol L-1 sodium hydroxide. The purity of all fractions was controlled mainly by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and their composition and structure were characterized by organic elemental analysis; neutral sugar and methylation analyses by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and mass spectrometry detector (GC/MS), respectively; and by correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The aqueous extracts contained two main polysaccharides identified as a branched O-2-β-d-mannosyl-(1→6)-α-d-galactan and a highly branched (1→3)(1→4)(1→6)-β-d-glucan. Mannogalactan predominated in the cold water extract, and β-d-glucan was the main product of the hot water extract. The hot water soluble fraction was further separated by preparative anion exchange chromatography into three sub-fractions; two of them were identified as branched β-d-glucans with a structure similar to the corresponding polysaccharide of the original fraction. The alkaline extract contained a linear (1→3)-α-d-glucan and a weakly branched (1→3)-β-d-glucan having terminal β-d-glucosyl residues attached to O-6 of the backbone. The insoluble part after all extractions was identified as a polysaccharide complex containing chitin and β-d-glucans.
- Klíčová slova
- Ganoderma resinaceum, polysaccharides, spectroscopy, wood decay fungi,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Rigidoporus and its morphologically similar genera Physisporinus, Oxyporus, and Leucophellinus, which include some forest pathogens and medicinal species, are very important groups of wood-decaying fungi. Species of these genera have not only ecological functions, but also economic importance. Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on taxa in these genera were carried out. Inferred from phylogenies based on DNA sequences of the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) and D1-D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA, 36 species sampled that traditionally belong to Physisporinus, Rigidoporus, Leucophellinus, and Oxyporus are nested mostly in eight lineages. Of these lineages, five (including four genera of Physisporinus, Emmia, Flaviporus, and Flavodon and one taxon "R. hypobrunneus") belong to Polyporales and three (including the genera Rigidoporus, Bridgeoporus, and Leucophellinus) belong to Hymenochaetales. Rigidoporus and Oxyporus are merged because the type species of both genera are nested in a single lineage within Hymenochaetales. Some taxon previously placed in Ceriporia and Oxyporus are transferred to Emmia and Flavodon, respectively, on the basis of current phylogeny. Utilizing a combination of the morphological and phylogenetic evidence, 16 new combinations in Bridgeoporus, Emmia, Flaviporus, Flavodon, Rigidoporus, and Physisporinus are proposed. Five new species, Physisporinus crataegi, P. lavendulus, P. subcrocatus, P. tibeticus, and Rigidoporus submicroporus, are recognized from China. Illustrated descriptions of these novel species are provided. Three taxa are treated at the generic level of Physisporinus because of limited samples.
- Klíčová slova
- Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, phylogenetic analysis,
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 5.8S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA fungální MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 5.8S MeSH
Members of Hymenochaetaceae fungi are among well-known macromycetes with various medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities of Phellinus tuberculosus and Fuscoporia ferruginosa collected in Iran. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the two species were examined, and their phenolic and polysaccharide contents were quantified. Compounds were characterized by HPLC-DAD chromatography and LC-ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy. According to our results, the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of P. tuberculosus extracts were stronger than F. ferruginosa. Also, the effect of hydroalcoholic extracts was higher than the aqueous extract. Gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to all extracts, especially Streptococcus mutans with a MIC of 0.7 mg/mL and MBC of 6.25 mg/mL. HPLC-DAD analyses detected gallic acid, caffeic acid, and syringic acid in both fungi. The LC-ESI-MS/MS confirmed the detected compounds in HPLC-DAD and showed the presence of several phenolic compounds such as phellifuropyranone, phelligridin, and hispidin, besides others. This study showed that F. ferruginosa and P. tuberculosus are potent medicinal fungi with antibacterial and antioxidant properties, with no toxic effect on normal HDF cells, and possess various bioactive compounds including styrylpyrone-type phenols with well-known bioactivities.
- Klíčová slova
- Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Fuscoporia ferruginosa, Hispidin, Phelligridin C, Phellinus tuberculosus,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antioxidancia * chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- Basidiomycota * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- Phellinus chemie MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Írán MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky * MeSH
- antioxidancia * MeSH
Cerrenaceae is a small family of polypores and hydnoid fungi in the order Polyporales (Basidiomycota). The family consists of white-rot fungi, some of which are serious tree pathogens. Combining morphological evidence with a phylogenetic dataset of six genetic markers, we revise generic concepts in the family and propose a seven-genus classification system for the family. Two genera are introduced as new: the monotypic Acanthodontia for Radulodon cirrhatinus, and Lividopora for the Rigidoporus vinctus complex. We re-introduce the name Somion for the Spongipellis delectans complex. Other recognized genera in the family are Cerrena, Irpiciporus, Pseudolagarobasidium, and Radulodon. New species introduced are Irpiciporus branchiformis from Tanzania, Lividopora armeniaca, and L. facilis from Southeast Asia, and Somion strenuum from East Asia. We provide nomenclatural comments on all the names combined to the above Cerrenaceae genera and typify Cerrena unicolor, C. zonata, Polyporus carneopallens (= L. vincta), Somion occarium, and S. unicolor. The genus Hyphoradulum belongs to Cystostereaceae (Agaricales), and we transfer the type species H. conspicuum to Crustomyces. Our study highlights the importance of integrating different basidiocarp types in analyses when revising genus classification in macrofungi. Citation: Miettinen O, Vlasák J, Larsson E, Vlasák J Jr., Seelan JSS, Hernawati, Levicky Q, Larsson K-H, Spirin V (2023). A revised genus-level classification for Cerrenaceae (Polyporales, Agaricomycetes). Fungal Systematics and Evolution 12: 271-322. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2023.12.14.
- Klíčová slova
- hydnoid fungi, hyphal system, new taxa, pathogenic fungi, polypore, root rot disease, systematics, taxonomy,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fomitiporella austroasiana, F. mangrovei and F. vietnamensis are described and illustrated as new species based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. They have annual to perennial, mostly resupinate basidiomata with grayish fresh pores, an indistinct subiculum, lack any kind of setae, have brownish, thick-walled basidiospores, and cause a white rot. The distinctive morphological characters of the new species and their related species are discussed. Phylogenies based on the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (28S) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region show that these three new species form three distinct lineages in the Fomitiporella clade. A key to known species of Fomitiporella is given.
- Klíčová slova
- Hymenochaetaceae, Phylogenetic analysis, Polypore, Taxonomy,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Four new species of Bjerkandera, viz. B. ecuadorensis, B. fulgida, B. minispora, and B. resupinata spp. nov., are described from tropical America and Asia. B. ecuadorensis is characterised by dark grey to black pore surface, a monomitic hyphal system, hyaline to yellowish-brown generative hyphae, and ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 3.9-4.5 × 2.7-3 μm. B. fulgida is distinguished from the other species in the genus by clay buff to pale brown and shiny pore surface. B. minispora is characterised by white tomentose pore mouth and small basidiospores measuring 3.1-4.2 × 2-2.8 μm. B. resupinata is characterised by resupinate basidiomata, pinkish buff to pale brownish pore surface, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.5-6 × 3.2-4.1 µm. All these new species grow on angiosperm trunks or rotten wood, and cause a white rot. The closely related taxa to four new species are discussed. An identification key to the ten accepted species of Bjerkandera is provided, and a phylogeny comprising all known Bjerkandera species is provided.
- Klíčová slova
- Phylogeny, polypore, taxonomy, wood-decaying fungi,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Previously, Pyrrhoderma accommodated two polypore species, P. adamantinum and P. scaurum; however, phylogenetic studies indicated that these two species were not congeneric within the Hymenochaetaceae and that P. adamantinum formed a clade with Phellinidium noxium. To resolve the relationships among the two species of Pyrrhoderma and other related taxa, specimens from China, Costa Rica, Singapore, and Thailand were studied from both morphological and phylogenetic perspectives. A new genus, Fulvoderma, is erected to accommodate F. scaurum comb. nov., and a new species, F. australe (the generic type). Pyrrhoderma is delimited to include the generic type, P. sendaiense (a later synonym of P. adamantinum); two new combinations, P. lamaënse comb. nov., and P. noxium comb. nov.; and three new species, P. hainanense, P. thailandicum, and P. yunnanense. In addition, an undescribed lineage including several specimens from subtropical and tropical forests in China, Costa Rica, Singapore, and Thailand also nested within the Pyrrhoderma clade. However, as the voucher specimens are sterile or almost so, they are not described. The concept of Pyrrhoderma was emended to also accommodate species bearing resupinate, effuse-reflexed basidiocarps, hymenial or hyphoid setae, and non-subglobose basidiospores. Keys to Fulvoderma and Pyrrhoderma are provided.
- Klíčová slova
- 8 new taxa, Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae, Phellinidium, polypore, wood-inhabiting fungi,
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fungální chemie genetika MeSH
- fungální RNA genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- geny rRNA MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- plodnice hub růst a vývoj MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- spory hub cytologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Asie MeSH
- Kostarika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA fungální MeSH
- fungální RNA MeSH
- mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S MeSH
Phylogenetic and morphological analyses on samples of Fistulina from East Asia and North America were carried out, and two new species were described, namely, Fistulina americana and Fistulina orientalis, both previously known as Fistulina hepatica. The former is characterized by lateral stipitate basidiocarps, relatively small pores (7-8 per mm), a monomitic hyphal system with both clamp connections and simple septa, and ellipsoid basidiospores of 4-4.8 × 3-3.3 μm, and the species has been found on Quercus in North-East USA. F. orientalis is characterized by lateral stipitate basidiocarps, very small pores (11-12 per mm) with pruinose dissepiments, a monomitic hyphal system with both clamp connections and simple septa, and ovoid to subglobose basidiospores of 3-4 × 2.7-3 μm, and the species has been found on Castanopsis in East Asia. Phylogenetically, samples of F. americana and F. orientalis form two new lineages nested in the Fistulina clade.
- Klíčová slova
- Fistulinaceae, brown rot, polypore, taxonomy, wood-decaying fungi,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat. was originally described in Europe and is considered a common forest pathogen on conifers in the Northern Hemisphere. Our molecular phylogeny based on samples from China, Europe, and North America confirms that P. schweinitzii is a species complex, including six taxa. P. schweinitzii sensu stricto has a distribution in Eurasia; the samples from Northeast and Southwest China are distantly related to P. schweinitzii sensu stricto, and two new species are described after morphological, phylogenetic, and geographical analyses. The species growing on Larix, Picea, and Pinus in Northeast China is described as Phaeolus asiae-orientalis. Another species mostly occurring on Pinus yunnanensis in Southwest China is Phaeolus yunnanensis. In addition, three taxa distributed in North America differ from P. schweinitzii sensu stricto. Phaeolus tabulaeformis (Berk.) Pat. is in Southeast North America, "P. schweinitzii-1" in Northeast North America, and "P. schweinitzii-2" in western North America.
- Klíčová slova
- brown rot, pathogenetic fungi, phylogeny, polypore, wood-decaying fungi,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
