anxiolytics Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
In today's modern society, it seems to be more and more challenging to cope with life stresses. The effect of psychological stress on emotional and physical health can be devastating, and increased stress is associated with increased rates of heart attack, hypertension, obesity, addiction, anxiety and depression. This review focuses on the possibility of an influence of psychological stress on the metabolism of selected antidepressants (TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs, SARIs, NDRIs a MMAs) and anxiolytics (benzodiazepines and azapirone), as patients treated with antidepressants and/or anxiolytics can still suffer from psychological stress. Emphasis is placed on the drug metabolism mediated by the enzymes of Phase I, typically cytochromes P450 (CYPs), which are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism, as the majority of psychoactive substances are metabolized by numerous CYPs (such as CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2A6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4). As the data on the effect of stress on human enzymes are extremely rare, modulation of the efficacy and even regulation of the biotransformation pathways of drugs by psychological stress can be expected to play a significant role, as there is increasing evidence that stress can alter drug metabolism, hence there is a risk of less effective drug metabolism and increased side effects.
- Klíčová slova
- antidepressants, anxiolytics, cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, psychological stress,
- MeSH
- antidepresiva metabolismus MeSH
- anxiolytika * metabolismus MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- jaterní mikrozomy metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva MeSH
- anxiolytika * MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH
BACKGROUND: The treatment of pain and treatment of anxiety are two of the most complex issues in nursing homes worldwide, mainly because of the large numbers of people with cognitive impairment who reside in this environment. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the administration of analgesics and anxiolytics to people living in nursing homes, taking into account cognitive status. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, we used data from 404 residents who lived in nine randomly selected nursing homes in the Czech Republic and participated in the Czech-Austrian Long-Term Care Research Project called DEMDATA. Information about medication administration was obtained from medical records. Cognitive impairment was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination, and pain was measured by the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia. To measure anxiety, we used the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale in residents with severe-to-moderate dementia and also the standardized questionnaire EuroQol in other residents. RESULTS: In all, 68% (95% CI 62-74) of residents with pain did not receive any analgesic medication and 31% (95% CI 25-38) of residents were administered some analgesics and continued to report pain. The lowest reported occurrence of pain, as well as the lowest prevalence of analgesic administration, was in residents with moderate-to-severe dementia. We found that an alarming percentage of residents in the nursing homes were not treated sufficiently. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that treatment effects should be better monitored.
- Klíčová slova
- analgesics, anxiety, anxiolytics, dementia, pain,
- MeSH
- analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- anxiolytika terapeutické užití MeSH
- bolest komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- demence komplikace MeSH
- domovy pro seniory normy MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce komplikace MeSH
- kvalita zdravotní péče * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti MeSH
- pečovatelské domovy normy MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- úzkost komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- analgetika MeSH
- anxiolytika MeSH
In the submitted paper the author reviews the literature on anxiolytics during the mentioned period, based on previous reviews. He discusses the extent to which anxiolytics are used. The majority of information pertains to benzodiazepine BD anxiolytics. He provides data on treatment of anxious conditions, on the administration of anxiolytics in impaired sleep, in gerontopsychiatry and alcohology. In broader indications anxiolytics are administered also in depressions, manias and other psychoses. Attention is paid also to the risk of development of dependence on anxiolytics, tolerance and withdrawal syndromes. In the conclusion the author present information on recent non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics.
- MeSH
- anxiolytika * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- benzodiazepiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anxiolytika * MeSH
- benzodiazepiny MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Risperidone in antipsychotic doses induces hyperprolactinemia. The aim of this study was to verify whether the same is true for low doses of risperidone (0.5-2 mg per day) added to antidepressants or anxiolytics. METHODS: Prolactin levels were measured in 4 men (mean age 49.5+/-19.1 years) and 8 women (mean age 31.3+/-8.2 years) inpatients with depressive and anxiety disorders who were treated with risperidone (median doses per day 1.25 mg) for median 15.5 days as an augmentation treatment to antidepressants (n=8), anxiolytics (n=6) and mood stabilizers (n=2). RESULTS: 11 of 12 patients had hyperprolactinemia. Median plasma prolactin level was 1598 mIU/ml, 95% CI 1 040-2 661 mIU/ml. Significant correlation between risperidone daily dose and plasma prolactin level (Spearman's R=0.655, p=0.02) was detected. Two women suffered from galactorrhea and one from amenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Even low doses of risperidone used as an augmentation to antidepressants or benzodiazepines are associated with hyperprolactinemia and can induce endocrinological side effects. The co-medication of antidepressants and benzodiazepines can potentially increase intensity of prolactinemia.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- antipsychotika aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- anxiolytika aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- benzodiazepiny aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- depresivní poruchy krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hyperprolaktinemie chemicky indukované MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- prolaktin krev MeSH
- risperidon aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- úzkost krev farmakoterapie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antidepresiva MeSH
- antipsychotika MeSH
- anxiolytika MeSH
- benzodiazepiny MeSH
- prolaktin MeSH
- risperidon MeSH
- MeSH
- anxiolytika * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anxiolytika * MeSH
- MeSH
- anxiolytika * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anxiolytika * MeSH
- MeSH
- anxiolytika škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- benzodiazepiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anxiolytika MeSH
- benzodiazepiny MeSH
- MeSH
- anxiolytika škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- anxiolytika MeSH
- MeSH
- chlordiazepoxid terapeutické užití MeSH
- diazepam terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychiatrie MeSH
- rodinné lékařství * MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- spotřeba léčiv MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chlordiazepoxid MeSH
- diazepam MeSH
In a double blind trial the authors tested the assumption that magnesium potentiates by its specific action the therapeutic effect of anxiolytics. A group of 20 women treated on account of anxious depressive neurosis was divided into two sub-groups. The first was given anxiolytic and placebo, the second one anxiolytics and Mg-lactate in corresponding amounts. After 10 days the placebo and Mg-lactate were exchanged. Both groups were examined before treatment and then after 10 and 20 days of therapy by a series of psychological tests. It was revealed that the combination of anxiolytics and Mg-lactate leads to a more rapid reduction of psychopathological symptoms, in particular anxiety. In MAS and MHG tests the decline of anxiety was statistically significant at the level of p less than 0.05.
- MeSH
- diazepam aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- hořčík aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kyselina mléčná MeSH
- laktáty aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurotické poruchy farmakoterapie MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- diazepam MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- kyselina mléčná MeSH
- laktáty MeSH