An overview on the long-term information exchange and co-operation between Austria and the Czech Republic in the field of radiation emergency preparedness and evaluation of radiological consequences of NPP accidents is provided. Initiated by the 'Melk Protocol' between the Czech and Austrian governments in December 2000 and its follow-up activities, the information exchange and co-operation between the Czech Republic and Austria in the field of radiation-emergency preparedness have been extended. Among others, a Working Group to compare radiological consequences of Beyond Design Basis Accident with a detailed inter-comparison program concerning atmospheric dispersion models, dose assessment methods and counter- measures was established. Based on this experience, an area for future co-operation in the field of emergency preparedness and information exchange between the Czech Republic and Austria is discussed.

• MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• elektrárny MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• náhlé příhody MeSH
• radiační ochrana metody   MeSH
• radiometrie metody   MeSH
• řízení bezpečnosti metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rozhodovací podpůrné systémy pro řízení organizace a řízení   MeSH
• únik radioaktivních látek * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH

Ribosome was long considered as a critical yet passive player in protein synthesis. Only recently the role of its basic components, ribosomal RNAs and proteins, in translational control has begun to emerge. Here we examined function of the small ribosomal protein uS3/Rps3, earlier shown to interact with eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3, in termination. We identified two residues in consecutive helices occurring in the mRNA entry pore, whose mutations to the opposite charge either reduced (K108E) or increased (R116D) stop codon readthrough. Whereas the latter increased overall levels of eIF3-containing terminating ribosomes in heavy polysomes in vivo indicating slower termination rates, the former specifically reduced eIF3 amounts in termination complexes. Combining these two mutations with the readthrough-reducing mutations at the extreme C-terminus of the a/Tif32 subunit of eIF3 either suppressed (R116D) or exacerbated (K108E) the readthrough phenotypes, and partially corrected or exacerbated the defects in the composition of termination complexes. In addition, we found that K108 affects efficiency of termination in the termination context-specific manner by promoting incorporation of readthrough-inducing tRNAs. Together with the multiple binding sites that we identified between these two proteins, we suggest that Rps3 and eIF3 closely co-operate to control translation termination and stop codon readthrough.

• MeSH
• eukaryotický iniciační faktor 3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované organismy MeSH
• proteosyntéza genetika   MeSH
• ribozomální proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• ribozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA transferová metabolismus   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• terminace translace peptidového řetězce * genetika   MeSH
• terminační kodon metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• eukaryotický iniciační faktor 3 MeSH
• ribozomální proteiny MeSH
• RNA transferová MeSH
• RPS3 protein, S cerevisiae MeSH Prohlížeč
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny MeSH
• terminační kodon MeSH

The policy of the European co-operation in the new atmosphere of an international solidarity became one of the priorities of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS). It could be hardly pursued more efficiently in any other field of neurological performance as in education. To review several aspects of neurological practice and education the 'First European Co-operation Neurology Workshop' was held in the castle of Trest', Czech Republic, 13-20 April 2000. Participants from 15 countries (Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic and Slovenia), covering a region of 316 million inhabitants and 25 000 neurologists, presented their national postgraduate education systems (besides other topics). We refer data on density of medical doctors and that of neurologists, pre-board certification phase, board examination, continuing medical education (CME), and qualification rewards. Illustrative data were put in the comparative tables. This first meeting has founded the basis for a dynamic future collaboration in order to continue the integration process and an exchange of current information regarding CME amongst central and eastern countries as well as western Europe.

• MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb normy   MeSH
• kontinuální vzdělávání lékařů normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologie výchova   MeSH
• oprávnění k praxi normy   MeSH
• studium lékařství specializační postgraduální normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• konsensus - konference MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Evropa MeSH

Engineered nanomaterials are becoming increasingly common in commercial and consumer products and pose a serious toxicological threat. Exposure of human organisms to nanomaterials can occur by inhalation, oral intake, or dermal transport. Together with the consumption of alcohol in the physiological environment of the body containing NaCl, this has raised concerns about the potentially harmful effects of ingested nanomaterials on human health. Although gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit great potential for various biomedical applications, there is some inconsistency in the case of the unambiguous genotoxicity of AuNPs due to differences in their shape, size, solubility, and exposure time. A DNA/GCE (DNA/glassy carbon electrode) biosensor was used to study ethanol (EtOH) and NaCl-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation genotoxicity under UV light in this study. The genotoxic effect of dispersed and aggregated negatively charged gold nanoparticles AuNP1 (8 nm) and AuNP2 (30 nm) toward salmon sperm double-stranded dsDNA was monitored by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry (CV, SWV). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for a surface study of the biosensor. The aggregation of AuNPs was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. AuNP1 aggregates formed by 30% v/v EtOH and 0.15 mol·L-1 NaCl caused the greatest damage to the biosensor DNA layer.

• Klíčová slova
• DNA/GCE biosensor, NaCl, aggregation, ethanol, gold nanoparticles, toxicity,
• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * metody   MeSH
• chlorid sodný toxicita   MeSH
• DNA chemie   MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky metody   MeSH
• elektrody MeSH
• ethanol toxicita   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice * toxicita   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sperma MeSH
• zlato toxicita   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• zlato MeSH

Many lepidopteran larvae produce silk feeding shelters and cocoons to protect themselves and the developing pupa. As caterpillars evolved, the quality of the silk, shape of the cocoon, and techniques in forming and leaving the cocoon underwent a number of changes. The silk of Pseudoips prasinana has previously been studied using X-ray analysis and classified in the same category as that of Bombyx mori, suggesting that silks of both species have similar properties despite their considerable phylogenetic distance. In the present study, we examined P. prasinana silk using 'omics' technology, including silk gland RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of cocoon proteins. We found that although the central repetitive amino acid sequences encoding crystalline domains of fibroin heavy chain molecules are almost identical in both species, the resulting fibers exhibit quite different mechanical properties. Our results suggest that these differences are most probably due to the higher content of fibrohexamerin and fibrohexamerin-like molecules in P. prasinana silk. Furthermore, we show that whilst P. prasinana cocoons are predominantly made of silk similar to that of other Lepidoptera, they also contain a second, minor silk type, which is present only at the escape valve.

• Klíčová slova
• Bena prasinana, Bombycidae, Nolidae, fibrohexamerins, phylogeny, transcriptomics,
• MeSH
• bourec klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• exokrinní žlázy metabolismus   MeSH
• fibroiny chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• proteom genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fibroiny MeSH
• proteom MeSH

On Thursday 8 January 1998, a Czech Hip helicopter with 21 personnel on board crashed in Bos Krupa, northwest Bosnia, resulting in one of the largest mass casualty incidents involving peacekeepers in Bosnia since conflict broke out there in 1992. Seventeen patients were airlifted from the scene to the British Hospital Squadron in Sipovo, central Bosnia for resuscitation and initial treatment. The next day, six severely injured patients underwent aeromedical evacuation to the Central Military Hospital in Prague. The role of the British Defence Medical Services in this incident was documented in the first article of this two part series. This second article highlights the role of the Czech medical services following aeromedical evacuation of these six patients, and closes the audit trial by documenting the patients' progress and final outcome in Prague.

• MeSH
• letadla MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce * MeSH
• nehody letecké statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ozbrojené síly * MeSH
• plánování postupu v případě katastrof organizace a řízení   MeSH
• polytrauma diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• transport pacientů organizace a řízení   MeSH
• vojenské lékařství organizace a řízení   MeSH
• vojenské nemocnice MeSH
• záchranná práce organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Československo MeSH
• Spojené království MeSH

Signaling through the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression. The AR is a classical nuclear receptor (NR) providing a link between signaling molecule and transcription response. Histone deacetylase inhibitors- (HDACI) have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on prostate cancer cells and their implication in silence AR signaling may have potential therapeutic use. We aimed to study the inhibitory effects of the corepressor SMRT (Silencing Mediator for Retinoid and Thyroid -hormone receptors) which forms a complex together with nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR) and with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) on AR activity.The androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line C4-2 both AR-positive, and androgen-insensitive DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines were treated with two HDACIs, sodium butyrate (NaB) and/or trichostatin A (TSA). We amplified immunoprecipitated DNA by conventional PCR and in the -following step we used the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis coupled with quantitative PCR for monitoring NaB induced formation of AR-SMRT/N-CoR complex binding on the PSA promoter. The co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed increase in AR-SMRT formation in NaB treated cells. Simultaneously, the Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in AR protein expression. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of NaB on AR gene expression seems to be specific and unique for prostate cancer AR-positive cell lines and corresponds with its ability to stimulate AR-SMRT complex formation. We suggest that AR and SMRT/N-CoR corepressors may form a stable complex in vitro and NaB may facilitate the interaction between AR nuclear steroid receptor and SMRT corepressor prote.

• MeSH
• androgenní receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• butyráty farmakologie   MeSH
• histondeacetylasa 2 analýza   MeSH
• histondeacetylasy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory histondeacetylas terapeutické užití   MeSH
• korepresor 1 jaderného receptoru metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny hydroxamové farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory prostaty farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) * MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen genetika   MeSH
• proteiny spojené s mnohočetnou rezistencí k lékům metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ABCC5 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• androgenní receptory MeSH
• AR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• butyráty MeSH
• HDAC2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• histondeacetylasa 2 MeSH
• histondeacetylasy MeSH
• histone deacetylase 3 MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitory histondeacetylas MeSH
• korepresor 1 jaderného receptoru MeSH
• kyseliny hydroxamové MeSH
• NCOR1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• prostatický specifický antigen MeSH
• proteiny spojené s mnohočetnou rezistencí k lékům MeSH
• trichostatin A MeSH Prohlížeč

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater was first reported in March 2020. Over the subsequent months, the potential for wastewater surveillance to contribute to COVID-19 mitigation programmes has been the focus of intense national and international research activities, gaining the attention of policy makers and the public. As a new application of an established methodology, focused collaboration between public health practitioners and wastewater researchers is essential to developing a common understanding on how, when and where the outputs of this non-invasive community-level approach can deliver actionable outcomes for public health authorities. Within this context, the NORMAN SCORE "SARS-CoV-2 in sewage" database provides a platform for rapid, open access data sharing, validated by the uploading of 276 data sets from nine countries to-date. Through offering direct access to underpinning meta-data sets (and describing its use in data interpretation), the NORMAN SCORE database is a resource for the development of recommendations on minimum data requirements for wastewater pathogen surveillance. It is also a tool to engage public health practitioners in discussions on use of the approach, providing an opportunity to build mutual understanding of the demand and supply for data and facilitate the translation of this promising research application into public health practice.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• odpadní voda MeSH
• RNA virová MeSH

Scientists and decision makers need accurate, accessible and fast tools to assess and prioritize the persistence (POV) and environmental long-range transport potential (LRTP) of chemicals. Here we evaluated the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) POV and LRTP Screening Tool ("the Tool") with respect to the POV and LRTP estimates that the Tool provides for organophosphate esters (OPEs). We found that the use of default parameter values could significantly underestimate POV and LRTP values of OPEs and, potentially, other Persistent Mobile Organic Compounds (PMOCs), by not accounting for episodic atmospheric transport and poleward river-based transport in the northern hemisphere. Specifically, sensitivity and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses indicate that non-chlorinated OPEs could be subject to LRTP when uncertainties in gas-particle partitioning and its implications for atmospheric degradation are considered, and chlorinated OPEs when river-based transport is considered. Further, the analyses showed strong dependence of results on the accuracy of the environmental half-lives used as input parameters. We suggest that the Tool could be modified to include an optional "Arctic (PMOC) LRTP setting" that incorporates episodic atmospheric and river-based transport as well as decreased environmental half-lives due to cold temperatures.

• MeSH
• estery MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• Organizace pro hospodářskou spolupráci a rozvoj * MeSH
• organofosfáty * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Arktida MeSH
• Názvy látek
• estery MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí * MeSH
• organofosfáty * MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Long-term care (LTC) is organized in a fragmented manner. Payer agencies (PA) receive LTC funds from the agency collecting funds, and commission services. Yet, distributional equity (DE) across PAs, a precondition to geographical equity of access to LTC, has received limited attention. We conceptualize that LTC systems promote DE when they are designed to set eligibility criteria nationally (vs. locally); and to distribute funds among PAs based on needs-formula (vs. past-budgets or government decisions). OBJECTIVES: This cross-country study highlights to what extent different LTC systems are designed to promote DE across PAs, and the parameters used in allocation formulae. METHODS: Qualitative data were collected through a questionnaire filled by experts from 17 OECD countries. RESULTS: 11 out of 25 LTC systems analyzed, fully meet DE as we defined. 5 systems which give high autonomy to PAs have designs with low levels of DE; while nine systems partially promote DE. Allocation formulae vary in their complexity as some systems use simple demographic parameters while others apply socio-economic status, disability, and LTC cost variations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: A minority of LTC systems fully meet DE, which is only one of the criteria in allocation of LTC resources. Some systems prefer local priority-setting and governance over DE. Countries that value DE should harmonize the eligibility criteria at the national level and allocate funds according to needs across regions.

• Klíčová slova
• Allocation formula, Equity, Funds allocation, Long-term care, Payer agencies,
• MeSH
• dlouhodobá péče * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Organizace pro hospodářskou spolupráci a rozvoj * MeSH
• rozpočty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH