involution
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Mammary gland development occurs mainly after birth and is composed of three successive stages: puberty, pregnancy and lactation, and involution. These developmental stages are associated with major tissue remodeling, including extensive changes in mammary epithelium, as well as surrounding stroma. Three-dimensional (3D) mammary organoid culture has become an important tool in mammary gland biology and enabled invaluable discoveries on pubertal mammary branching morphogenesis and breast cancer. However, a suitable 3D organoid model recapitulating key aspects of lactation and involution has been missing. Here, we describe a robust and straightforward mouse mammary organoid system modeling lactation and involution-like process, which can be applied to study mechanisms of physiological mammary gland lactation and involution as well as pregnancy-associated breast cancer.
- Klíčová slova
- 3D culture, fibroblast growth factor 2, involution, lactation, mammary gland, milk production, organoid, prolactin,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The mammary gland is a highly dynamic tissue that changes throughout reproductive life, including growth during puberty and repetitive cycles of pregnancy and involution. Mammary gland tumors represent the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Studying the regulatory mechanisms of mammary gland development is essential for understanding how dysregulation can lead to breast cancer initiation and progression. Three-dimensional (3D) mammary organoids offer many exciting possibilities for the study of tissue development and breast cancer. In the present protocol derived from Sumbal et al., we describe a straightforward 3D organoid system for the study of lactation and involution ex vivo. We use primary and passaged mouse mammary organoids stimulated with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and prolactin to model the three cycles of mouse mammary gland lactation and involution processes. This 3D organoid model represents a valuable tool to study late postnatal mammary gland development and breast cancer, in particular postpartum-associated breast cancer. Graphic abstract: Mammary gland organoid isolation and culture procedures.
- Klíčová slova
- 3D organoid, Ex vivo, Involution, Lactation, Mammary gland, Mouse,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The involution of Wolffian duct in female rat fetuses from 15 to 21 days of gestation was studied in electron microscope. The female Wolffian duct stopped its differentiation on day 17 and the onset of duct regression was found in 18 days old fetuses. The involution was accompanied by degeneration and disintegration of epithelial cells, removal of basal lamina and elimination of altered cells into periductal mesenchyme. Although the mechanism of programmed cell death contributed to the WD regression the findings of non-altered epithelial cells supported the opinion of possible migration of some WD cells into the mesenchymal cell compartment.
- MeSH
- depresivní porucha unipolární farmakoterapie MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- ergoliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- močovina analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- Názvy látek
- ergoliny MeSH
- močovina MeSH
The structural differentiation of the Müllerian ducts of both sexes was studied in rat fetuses from 15 to 21 days of gestation. Differences between the male and female Müllerian ducts were observed from the 17th day onward. The epithelium of male Müllerian duct lost its regular arrangement, the increased lysosomal activity and disintegration of some cells was found. The involution of the male duct was accompanied by the condensation of the surrounding mesenchyme with the participation of macrophages. The female Müllerian duct was lined with simple columnar epithelium; its pattern remained indifferent until birth. The apical migration of centrioles and solitary cilia formation belonged to the typical findings from the 18th day. Neither ciliated cells nor multiple centriole replication were observed in oviductal segment of Müllerian duct.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace fyziologie MeSH
- ductus Mülleri embryologie MeSH
- gastrula fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus embryologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus embryologie MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Possibilities of involution of changes in lesser circulation after closure of experimental aortopulmonary anastomosis were studied. 37 observations at various intervals after closure of anastomosis (several minutes to 13.5 months) in 25 dogs were analyzed. Before closure the anastomosis had functioned for 1-7 months. The results of histological examinations of lungs, pressure measurements in lesser circulation, heart weight, electrocardiographic and spirographic examinations were analyzed. It was found that complete involution of changes in lesser circulation was possible only in first month of existence of anastomosis, in this case with changes of both "early" and "late" types. "Late"-type changes after four months function of anastomosis had both reversible and irreversible character, whereas "early"-type changes became irreversible already after three-month duration of anastomosis. With the "late"-type changes, the operation itself (closure of anastomosis) was accompanied by symptoms of pulmonary vasomotor paresis and heart failure, whereas in the presence of "early"-type changes the operation elicited no morphological or functional changes.
- MeSH
- krční mandle embryologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- cilie * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- epitelové buňky * MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy patologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- trachea cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We describe the rapid growth of a Reed nevus followed by its slow involution and present dermoscopic follow-up images. The child was monitored for 10 years (from age 3 to 13 years) by digital dermoscopy. The Reed nevus completely lost its typical dermoscopic arrangement (starburst pattern) with involution and distinct changes in dermoscopic pattern.
- Klíčová slova
- Reed nevus, dermoscopy, follow-up, malignant melanoma,
- MeSH
- dermatoskopie metody MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory kůže * MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- névus * MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce * MeSH
- branchiální krajina embryologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obratlovci embryologie MeSH
- thymus abnormality embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
