Trace elements and vitamins, collectively known as micronutrients, are essential for basic metabolic reactions in the human body. Their deficiency or, on the contrary, an increased amount can lead to serious disorders. Research in recent years has shown that long-term abnormal levels of micronutrients may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of some neurological diseases. Acute and chronic alterations in micronutrient levels may cause other serious complications in neurological diseases. Our aim was to summarize the knowledge about micronutrients in relation to selected neurological diseases and comment on their importance and the possibilities of therapeutic intervention in clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autoimmune disorders, epilepsy, micronutrients, multiple sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, neuropathy, stroke,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroživiny MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * MeSH
• stopové prvky * MeSH
• vitamin A MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mikroživiny MeSH
• stopové prvky * MeSH
• vitamin A MeSH
• vitaminy MeSH

The purpose of this review is to discuss rare neurological disorders with respect to communication difficulties typical of children. Firstly, communication disorders with special focus on rare communication neurological disorders are discussed. Secondly, on the basis of literature review, the authors explore clinical studies on the most typical rare children's communication neurological disorders. Thirdly, on the basis of the findings from the clinical studies, they set a few recommendations for their medical therapies and management. The methodology was based on the literature review of research studies exploring the research issue. The findings show that the intervention strategies appear to have positive effects on the improvement of speech and language production among children suffering from Landau-Kleffner syndrome and childhood apraxia of speech. Nevertheless, randomized control trials are needed in order to accelerate and facilitate an early and relevant diagnosis and treatment management. In addition, a multidisciplinary approach seems to be the most appropriate for the accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• Childhood apraxia of speech, Communication, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Language, Neurological disorders, Treatment,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Neurological illnesses are multifactorial incurable debilitating disorders that may cause neurodegeneration. These diseases influence approximately 30 million people around the world. Despite several therapies, effective management of such disorders remains a global challenge. Thus, natural products might offer an alternative therapy for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Polyphenols, such as curcumin, resveratrol, myricetin, mangiferin and naringin (NRG) have been shown to possess promising potential in the treatment of neurogenerative illness. In this review, we have targeted the therapeutic potential of naringin as a neuroprotective agent. The overall neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms related to NRG are discussed. In light of the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of NRG in various experimental paradigms, it is concluded that this molecule should be further considered and studied as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics, focusing on mechanistic and clinical trials to ascertain its efficacy.

• Klíčová slova
• Antineuroinflammation, Antioxidant, Naringin antiapoptotic, Neuroprotective, Polyphenols,
• MeSH
• flavanony chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému farmakoterapie   MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky chemie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• flavanony MeSH
• naringin MeSH Prohlížeč
• neuroprotektivní látky MeSH

Neurological disorders of gait, balance and posture are both debilitating and common. Adequate recognition of these so-called disorders of axial mobility is important as they can offer useful clues to the underlying pathology in patients with an uncertain clinical diagnosis, such as those early in the course of neurological disorders. Medical teaching programmes typically take classic clinical presentations as the starting point and present students with a representative constellation of features that jointly characterize a particular axial motor syndrome. However, patients rarely present in this way to a physician in clinical practice. Particularly in the early stages of a disease, patients might display just one (or at best only a few) abnormal signs of gait, balance or posture. Importantly, these individual signs are never pathognomonic for any specific disorder but rather come with an associated differential diagnosis. In this Perspective, we offer a new diagnostic approach in which the presenting signs are taken as the starting point for a focused differential diagnosis and a tailored search into the underlying neurological syndrome.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohybové poruchy diagnóza   patofyziologie   MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The pooled incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were examined by indication using the integrated clinical database of Merz-sponsored, placebo-controlled, or repeat-dose studies of incobotulinumtoxinA in adults with cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, limb spasticity, sialorrhea, or essential tremor of the upper limb. Overall incidences of TEAEs, serious TEAEs, TEAEs leading to discontinuation, fatal TEAEs, TEAEs of special interest (TEAESIs; indicating possible toxin spread), and treatment-related (TR) events were determined for incobotulinumtoxinA and placebo after a single injection and for repeated dose cycles of incobotulinumtoxinA. The most frequent events after a single dose of incobotulinumtoxinA are summarized. After a single cycle, incidences of overall TEAEs were similar between incobotulinumtoxinA and the placebo in most indications, although between-indication differences were observed. Few TEAEs led to incobotulinumtoxinA discontinuation; there were no fatal TEAEs with incobotulinumtoxinA. In general, repeated cycles did not increase the incidence of any event. The most frequent TR-TEAEs were indication-dependent, including dysphagia for indications affecting the head or neck. The TR-TEAESIs across all indications were most commonly muscular weakness, dysphagia and dry mouth. Overall, the results of this pooled analysis support and extend the favorable safety and tolerability profile of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of adult neurological disorders established by individual clinical studies.

• Klíčová slova
• blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, essential tremor, immunogenicity, incobotulinumtoxinA, motor disorders, neurological disorders, safety, sialorrhea, spasticity,
• MeSH
• botulotoxiny typu A * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nervosvalové látky * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• poruchy polykání * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tortikolis * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• botulotoxiny typu A * MeSH
• incobotulinumtoxinA MeSH Prohlížeč
• nervosvalové látky * MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess cognitive functioning across multiple cognitive domains using a standardised neuropsychological battery in patients with motor functional neurological disorders (mFND). METHODS: Thirty patients with clinically established mFND and 30 age-, sex- and education-matched control subjects underwent a thorough neuropsychological assessment evaluating (1) attention including processing speed, (2) executive functions including working memory, (3) short-term memory, (4) speech and language and (5) visuospatial functions. Performance validity tests (PVT) and self-report measures of depression, anxiety and cognitive complaints were included in the assessment. Only patients with valid test performance were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Three patients scored below the cut-off scores in PVT. Patients performed significantly worse than controls in the following areas: (1) the attention domain which included a slow processing speed (p = 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.89), (2) executive functions (p = 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.88) and (3) speech and language domains (p = 0.025, Cohen's d = 0.77). Patients with mFND showed greater intra-individual variability in cognitive performance (p = 0.005, Cohen's d = 0.94). Cognitive impairments were independent of depressive symptoms, which were higher in mFND patients. CONCLUSION: This study revealed both subjective and objective cognitive impairment in patients with mFND. The neuropsychological profile in mFND was characterised primarily by attentional impairment including a slow processing speed and a high intra-individual variability in cognitive performance. Cognitive impairment was associated with a valid test performance, highlighting that the deficits observed were not likely to be explained by a lack of effort in the patient group. Attention is considered to play a key role in mFND pathophysiology, and the results suggest that such impairments are objectively measurable.

• Klíčová slova
• Attention, Cognitive functions, Motor functional neurological disorders, Neuropsychological profile, Performance validity,
• MeSH
• exekutivní funkce fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * komplikace   etiologie   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• konverzní poruchy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neurological disorders constitute a significant portion of the global disease burden, affecting >30% of the world's population. This prevalence poses a substantial threat to global health in the foreseeable future. A lack of awareness regarding this high burden of neurological diseases has led to their underrecognition, underappreciation, and insufficient funding. Establishing a strategic and comprehensive research agenda for brain-related studies is a crucial step towards aligning research objectives among all pertinent stakeholders and fostering greater societal awareness. METHODS: A scoping literature review was undertaken by a working group from the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) to identify any existing research agendas relevant to neurology. Additionally, a specialized survey was conducted among all EAN scientific panels, including neurologists and patients, inquiring about their perspectives on the current research priorities and gaps in neurology. RESULTS: The review revealed the absence of a unified, overarching brain research agenda. Existing research agendas predominantly focus on specialized topics within neurology, resulting in an imbalance in the number of agendas across subspecialties. The survey indicated a prioritization of neurological disorders and research gaps. CONCLUSIONS: Building upon the findings from the review and survey, key components for a strategic and comprehensive neurological research agenda in Europe were delineated. This research agenda serves as a valuable prioritization tool for neuroscientific researchers, as well as for clinicians, donors, and funding agencies in the field of neurology. It offers essential guidance for creating a roadmap for research and clinical advancement, ultimately leading to heightened awareness and reduced burden of neurological disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• Europe, neurological disorders, research agenda, research gaps, research priorities,
• MeSH
• globální zátěž nemocemi MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• neurologie * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• LEAD POISONING/complications *, MENTAL DISORDERS/etiology *, NEUROLOGY *,
• MeSH
• duševní poruchy etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologie * MeSH
• otrava olovem komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ECZEMA/complications *, NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS *, TULAREMIA/complications *,
• MeSH
• ekzém komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * MeSH
• neurologické manifestace * MeSH
• tularemie komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH