Practice guidelines (PGs) are recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries, and are designed to define optimal evaluation and management. The first PGs for burn care addressed the issues encountered in developed countries, lacking consideration for circumstances in resource-limited settings (RLS). Thus, the mission of the 2014-2016 committee established by the International Society for Burn Injury (ISBI) was to create PGs for burn care to improve the care of burn patients in both RLS and resource-abundant settings. An important component of this effort is to communicate a consensus opinion on recommendations for burn care for different aspects of burn management. An additional goal is to reduce costs by outlining effective and efficient recommendations for management of medical problems specific to burn care. These recommendations are supported by the best research evidence, as well as by expert opinion. Although our vision was the creation of clinical guidelines that could be applicable in RLS, the ISBI PGs for Burn Care have been written to address the needs of burn specialists everywhere in the world.

• MeSH
• integrované poskytování zdravotní péče organizace a řízení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci MeSH
• popálení terapie   MeSH
• poradní výbory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH

There are a limited number of studies focusing on the mechanisms explaining why variable practice gives an advantage in a novel situation and constant practice in performance in trained conditions. We hypothesized that this may be due to the different gaze behavior that is developed under different conditions. Twenty participants, randomly assigned to two different groups, practiced basketball free throws for three consecutive days, performing 100 throws per day. The constant group (n = 10) practiced at a free throw distance (4.57 m) only. The variable practice group (n = 10) randomly performed 20 shots per five throw distances (3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, and 5.79 m) on each day, also accumulating 100 shots per day. We analyzed the total gaze fixation duration, a number of fixations, and the average fixation duration on a basketball rim in a pretest and posttest at the 4.57 m distance. We computed a linear mixed model with test (pretest-posttest), group (constant-variable), and test × group interaction in order to analyze the total fixation duration and number of fixations. The average fixation duration was analyzed with a repeated measure two-way ANOVA, with practice conditions as a between-participants factor and test type as a within-participants factor. We found that the total fixation duration increased significantly in the posttest, regardless of the practice conditions (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.504). The number of fixations also increased significantly in the posttest (p = 0.037, effect size = 0.246). The average fixation duration increased in both groups; however, insignificantly. We also did not find any significant differences between groups. Our results suggest that variable and constant practice conditions may lead to the development of similar gaze behavior.

• Klíčová slova
• especial skill, gaze behavior, practice conditions, skill acquisition,
• MeSH
• basketbal fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oční fixace fyziologie   MeSH
• praxe (psychologie) * MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We summarize recommendations for glomerulonephritis treatment, established by internationally recognized experts in the field and sponsored by KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes). Up till now, the KDIGO review has been the most prestigious analysis of therapeutic trials on immunosuppressive treatment of glomerulonephritides. The 167 recommendations addresses the following forms of glomerulopathies: steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children; minimal change disease and idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and adults; idiopathic membranous nephropathy; idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; glomerulonephritis associated with infection; immunoglobulin A nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis; lupus nephritis; pauci-immune focal and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis; and anti--glomerular basement membrane antibody glomerulonephritis. We focused our attention on progress in this topic in the last decade.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glomerulonefritida farmakoterapie   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunosupresiva MeSH

Variability in practice has been shown to enhance motor skill learning. Benefits of practice variability have been attributed to motor schema formation (variable versus constant practice), or more effortful information processing (random versus blocked practice). We hypothesized that, among other mechanisms, greater practice variability might promote an external focus of attention on the intended movement effect, while less variability would be more conducive to a less effective internal focus on body movements. In Experiment 1, the learning of a throwing task was enhanced by variable versus constant practice, and variable group participants reported focusing more on the distance to the target (external focus), while constant group participants focused more on their posture (internal focus). In Experiment 2, golf putting was learned more effectively with a random compared with a blocked practice schedule. Furthermore, random group learners reported using a more effective distal external focus (i.e., distance to the target) to a greater extent, whereas blocked group participants used a less effective proximal focus (i.e., putter) more often. While attentional focus was assessed through questionnaires in the first two experiments, learners in Experiment 3 were asked to report their current attentional focus at any time during practice. Again, the learning of a throwing task was more effective after random relative to blocked practice. Also, random practice learners reported using more external focus cues, while in blocked practice participants used more internal focus cues. The findings suggest that the attentional foci induced by different practice schedules might be at least partially responsible for the learning differences.

• Klíčová slova
• Attentional focus, Contextual interference, Golf putting, Throwing, Variable practice,
• MeSH
• golf fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• praxe (psychologie) MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is common in patients suffering from malignant diseases and has a major impact on patient outcomes. Prevention and early detection are crucial for effective treatment. This study aimed to investigate current international practice in the assessment and management of malnutrition in surgical oncology departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey was designed by European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) and ESSO Young Surgeons and Alumni Club (EYSAC) Research Academy as an online questionnaire with 41 questions addressing three main areas: participant demographics, malnutrition assessment, and perioperative nutritional standards. The survey was distributed from October to November 2021 via emails, social media and the ESSO website to surgical networks focussing on surgical oncologists. Results were collected and analysed by an independent team. RESULTS: A total of 156 participants from 39 different countries answered the survey, reflecting a response rate of 1.4%. Surgeons reported treating a mean of 22.4 patients per month. 38% of all patients treated in surgical oncology departments were routinely screened for malnutrition. 52% of patients were perceived as being at risk for malnutrition. The most used screening tool was the "Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool" (MUST). 68% of participants agreed that the surgeon is responsible for assessing preoperative nutritional status. 49% of patients were routinely seen by dieticians. In cases of severe malnutrition, 56% considered postponing the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The reported rate of malnutrition screening by surgical oncologists is lower than expected (38%). This indicates a need for improved awareness of malnutrition in surgical oncology, and nutritional screening.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer, Malnutrition, Pre-habilitation, Screening, Surgical oncology,
• MeSH
• chirurgická onkologie * MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy * MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• podvýživa * diagnóza   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• BIOGRAPHIES *, GENERAL PRACTICE *,
• MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• praktické lékařství * MeSH
• rodinné lékařství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH

• O autorovi
• PELNAR

The European Practice Database (EPD) project, developed by the EDTNA/ERCA Research Board, collects data on renal practice at centre level in different European countries. Results presented in this paper focus on infection control practice in haemodialysis centres from 8 different European countries or regions following data collection from 2002 up to 2004. The prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), human immune deficiency (HIV) and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was studied as well as the use of screening and preventive actions. These results will enable international comparison in practice and will stimulate further research and the development of new practice recommendations.

• MeSH
• benchmarking MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• dialýza ledvin škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• hepatitida B epidemiologie   MeSH
• hepatitida C epidemiologie   MeSH
• HIV séropozitivita epidemiologie   MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí epidemiologie   MeSH
• kontrola infekce organizace a řízení   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění organizace a řízení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rezistence na methicilin MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce epidemiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
• surveillance populace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Anglie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Belgie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Itálie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Norsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Řecko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Skotsko epidemiologie   MeSH
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Many results in motor learning have indicated that relative and absolute timing dimensions are modulated by factors that modify response stability among trials. One of these factors is the combination of constant and variable practices. Although many researchers have investigated the combination of practice schedules, these researchers have used measurements that do not assess performance and motor response separately. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different combinations of practice schedules on motor response stability during practice. Participants performed a sequential key-pressing task with two goals: (1) to learn the relative timing dimension and (2) the absolute timing dimension. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: constant-variable or variable-constant. Our findings indicate an influence of the increase in variability over the practice in the constant-variable group. Precisely, the increase in variability of total time in the second half (constant-variable group) of practice was followed by the maintenance of the same level of cross-correlate between absolute timing error and variability of total time. Finally, our findings support the hypothesis that practicing in a constant schedule favors the relative timing dimension of learning regardless of the order in which the constant practice is provided.

• Klíčová slova
• constant practice, motor learning, variability of practice,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti * fyziologie   MeSH
• učení * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Members of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) come from different geographic locations and practice settings. A member survey regarding practice patterns provides valuable information for practitioners and researchers alike, and allows the IUGA to discover areas to focus on education and information dissemination. METHODS: A questionnaire was developed by the IUGA Research and Development committee and distributed electronically to IUGA surgeons. Answers were analyzed in reference to demographics, geographic distribution, and academic affiliation. RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-four members answered the questionnaire, representing a 28 % response rate, and closely reflecting the geographic distribution of IUGA membership. Preferred surgical treatment for uncomplicated SUI was the mid-urethral trans-obturator sling (49.7 %). Vaginal mesh was mainly used for repair of recurrent POP (20.4 %). Pessary use was offered "always" or "frequently" by 61.5 %, with no difference in academic affiliation, but significant differences based on region of practice. Compared to practitioners in non-academic centers, those with academic affiliation utilized Urodynamic studies (UDS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) more frequently in the evaluation of POP. Regions of practice significantly influenced the majority of practice patterns, with the highest impact found in the use of robotic assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Many practice patterns in the evaluation and treatment of POP and SUI depend on academic affiliation and geographic location. Practice patterns are not always based on most recent evidence-based data.

• Klíčová slova
• Academic practice, Pelvic floor disorders, Physician survey, Practice patterns, Stress urinary incontinence, Urodynamic studies,
• MeSH
• chirurgické síťky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gynekologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pesary statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• prolaps pánevních orgánů chirurgie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• stresová inkontinence moči chirurgie   MeSH
• suburetrální pásky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ultrasonografie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• urologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Developments in managing CF continue to drive dramatic improvements in survival. As newborn screening rolls-out across Europe, CF centres are increasingly caring for cohorts of patients who have minimal lung disease on diagnosis. With the introduction of mutation-specific therapies and the prospect of truly personalised medicine, patients have the potential to enjoy good quality of life in adulthood with ever-increasing life expectancy. The landmark Standards of Care published in 2005 set out what high quality CF care is and how it can be delivered throughout Europe. This underwent a fundamental re-write in 2014, resulting in three documents; center framework, quality management and best practice guidelines. This document is a revision of the latter, updating standards for best practice in key aspects of CF care, in the context of a fast-moving and dynamic field. In continuing to give a broad overview of the standards expected for newborn screening, diagnosis, preventative treatment of lung disease, nutrition, complications, transplant/end of life care and psychological support, this consensus on best practice is expected to prove useful to clinical teams both in countries where CF care is developing and those with established CF centres. The document is an ECFS product and endorsed by the CF Network in ERN LUNG and CF Europe.

• Klíčová slova
• Best practice, Consensus, Cystic fibrosis, Guidelines, Multidisciplinary management, Standards of care,
• MeSH
• cystická fibróza komplikace   diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecký screening MeSH
• péče o umírající MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH