Although theoretical studies on Anesthesia Information Management Systems (AIMS) have proved their benefits, much less attention has been paid to researching the actual adoption of AIMS. Only a few studies from the USA and Western Europe have been published up to now. The purpose of this article is to assess the adoption, motivation for, and barriers to, usage of AIMS from the perspective of early Czech adopters of these systems. A questionnaire was used to gather adopters' views on motivating factors, benefits encountered after introduction and obstacles perceived to adopting AIMS. Data about usage, costs and functionalities of each of the AIMS was obtained using semi-structured telephone interviews prior to sending out the questionnaire. Five AIMS from three different vendors in four academic hospitals (20% of Czech hospitals of this type) were identified. Improved clinical documentation and convenience for anesthesiologists was reported from every site. Lack of funds, however, was identified as the primary barrier to further adoption. The cost of introduction of AIMS per operating room varied between 1000 and 40,000 US dollars. Although the number of AIMS in the Czech Republic is limited, findings suggest that benefits have been experienced on every site. Findings corroborate previous studies from the USA and Western Europe.

• Klíčová slova
• AIMS, Anesthesia, Information system,
• MeSH
• anesteziologie ekonomika   organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motivace MeSH
• náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
• nemocniční informační systémy ekonomika   organizace a řízení   normy   MeSH
• vysokoškolská lékařská centra organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

In this paper, we describe a strategy for the development of a genetic analysis comprehensive representation. The primary intention is to ensure the available utilization of genetic analysis results in clinical practice. The system is called Personnel Genetic Card (PGC), and it is developed in cooperation of CIIRC CTU in Prague and the Mediware company. Nowadays, genetic information is more and more part of medicine and life quality services (e.g. nutritional consulting). Therefore, there is necessary to bind genetic information with the clinical phenotype, such as drug metabolism or intolerance to various substances. We proposed a structured form of the record, where we utilize the LOINC® standard to identify genetic test parameters, and several terminology databases for representing specific genetic information (e.g. HGNC, NCBI RefSeq, NCBI dbNSP, HGVS). Further, there are also several knowledge databases (PharmGKB, SNPedia, ClinVar) that collect interpretation for genetic analysis results. In the results of this paper, we describe our idea in the structure and process perspective. The structural perspective includes the representation of the analysis record and its binding with the interpretations. The process perspective describes roles and activities within the PGC system use.

• Klíčová slova
• eHealth, genetic analysis, information system, standards, terminology,
• MeSH
• databáze genetické MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetické testování * MeSH
• Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes MeSH
• osobní údaje * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper deals with a developed information system called a Personal Genetic Card (PGC). The system aims to integrate the known clinical knowledge (interpretations and recommendations) linked to genetic information with the analysis results of a patient. Genetic information has an increasing influence on the clinical decision of physicians as well as other medical and health services. All these services need to connect the genetic profile with the phenotypes such as drug metabolization, drug toxicity, drug dosing, or intolerance of some substances. It still applies that the best way to represent data of medical records is a structured form of record. Many approaches can be used to define the structure (syntax) of the record and the content (semantics) of the record and to exchange data in forms of various standards and terminologies. Moreover, the genetic analysis field has its terminology databases for representing genetic information (e.g. HGNC, NCBI). The next step is to connect the genetic analysis results with c clinical knowledge (interpretation, recommendation). This step is crucial because the genetic analysis results have clinical benefits if we can assign them to some valid clinical knowledge. And the best final result is when we can make a better recommendation based on the genetic results and clinical knowledge. Genetic knowledge databases (e.g. PharmGKB, SNPedia, ClinVar) contain many interpretations and even recommendations for genetic analysis results based on different purposes. This situation is appropriate for developing the PGC system that takes inspiration from case-based reasoning in purpose to allow integration of the assumptions and knowledge about phenotypes and the real genetic analysis results in the structured form.

• Klíčová slova
• Information system, eHealth, genetic analysis, standards, terminology,
• MeSH
• chorobopisy - počítačové systémy * MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetické testování * MeSH
• sémantika MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

An important research task of the EuroMISE Centre is the applied research in the field of electronic health record (EHR) design including electronic medical guidelines and intelligent systems for data mining and decision support. The research in this field was inspired by several European projects. We have proposed a mathematical meta-description of a flexible information storage model based on the experience gathered in cooperation in those projects. In this model, we use two basic structures called a knowledge base and data files. We describe those two structures using the graph theory concepts. Furthermore, we use logical formulas to express conditions that should be valid. Additionally, we present a description of a global system architecture of a 3-tier EHR application with interfaces based on the latest technologies; predominately on Web Services, SOAP, XML, HTTP, CORBA, etc. According to our experience and test results gained from the MUDR EHR usage, we describe an open universal solution, which can be applied as the EHR kernel of hospital information systems. To realize this approach in a daily practice for health professionals we have started a co-operative project with clinical information systems developers. Within that project we are developing a new system for continual shared health care.

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum organizace a řízení   MeSH
• chorobopisy - počítačové systémy organizace a řízení   MeSH
• chorobopisy - spojování metody   MeSH
• metody pro podporu rozhodování MeSH
• počítačové komunikační sítě * MeSH
• počítačové systémy MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• šíření informací metody   MeSH
• systémy řízení databází organizace a řízení   MeSH
• telemedicína metody   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• ukládání a vyhledávání informací metody   MeSH
• využití lékařské informatiky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Electronic healthcare documentation is the key element of electronic healthcare (eHealth). Electronic oral health record (EOHR) supporting oral medicine is discussed. To provide dentists with a methodology and instrument to create oral health documentation in more efficient way, support information exchange and integration in dental domain and to ease dental decision-making and forensic dentistry identification tasks.The proposed methodology is used to model lifelong EOHR based on a small specific ontology where the use of other classification systems and nomenclatures, e.g. SNODENT, is possible. EOHRwith Lifelong DentCross user interface was developed and it has been supporting dental care at the University Hospital in Prague-Motol. The user interface is working in four languages and controlled by voice or keyboard. Lifelong DentCross user interface is reflecting the way of the work in dentistry and the EOHR can provide both structured and free text information to oral medicine.

• MeSH
• chorobopisy - počítačové systémy * MeSH
• elektronické zdravotní záznamy * MeSH
• informační technologie MeSH
• lékařská informatika * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stomatologie * MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• zubní lékaři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We calculate and analyze the information capacity-achieving conditions and their approximations in a simple neuronal system. The input-output properties of individual neurons are described by an empirical stimulus-response relationship and the metabolic cost of neuronal activity is taken into account. The exact (numerical) results are compared with a popular "low-noise" approximation method which employs the concepts of parameter estimation theory. We show, that the approximate method gives reliable results only in the case of significantly low response variability. By employing specialized numerical procedures we demonstrate, that optimal information transfer can be near-achieved by a number of different input distributions. It implies that the precise structure of the capacity-achieving input is of lesser importance than the value of capacity. Finally, we illustrate on an example that an innocuously looking stimulus-response relationship may lead to a problematic interpretation of the obtained Fisher information values.

• MeSH
• duševní procesy fyziologie   MeSH
• informační teorie * MeSH
• modely neurologické * MeSH
• neurony metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Social networks are a battlefield for political propaganda. Protected by the anonymity of the internet, political actors use computational propaganda to influence the masses. Their methods include the use of synchronized or individual bots, multiple accounts operated by one social media management tool, or different manipulations of search engines and social network algorithms, all aiming to promote their ideology. While computational propaganda influences modern society, it is hard to measure or detect it. Furthermore, with the recent exponential growth in large language models (L.L.M), and the growing concerns about information overload, which makes the alternative truth spheres more noisy than ever before, the complexity and magnitude of computational propaganda is also expected to increase, making their detection even harder. Propaganda in social networks is disguised as legitimate news sent from authentic users. It smartly blended real users with fake accounts. We seek here to detect efforts to manipulate the spread of information in social networks, by one of the fundamental macro-scale properties of rhetoric-repetitiveness. We use 16 data sets of a total size of 13 GB, 10 related to political topics and 6 related to non-political ones (large-scale disasters), each ranging from tens of thousands to a few million of tweets. We compare them and identify statistical and network properties that distinguish between these two types of information cascades. These features are based on both the repetition distribution of hashtags and the mentions of users, as well as the network structure. Together, they enable us to distinguish (p - value = 0.0001) between the two different classes of information cascades. In addition to constructing a bipartite graph connecting words and tweets to each cascade, we develop a quantitative measure and show how it can be used to distinguish between political and non-political discussions. Our method is indifferent to the cascade's country of origin, language, or cultural background since it is only based on the statistical properties of repetitiveness and the word appearance in tweets bipartite network structures.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• politika * MeSH
• propaganda MeSH
• šíření informací * metody   MeSH
• sociální média * MeSH
• sociální sítě * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: About four million people are affected by rare diseases in Germany and 30 million in the EU. In 2013, a national action plan for people with rare diseases was adopted in Germany which is also aimed at improving the information situation and better gathering of information for affected patients and their families. Since then, various sources of information and medical care structures have been made available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of knowledge about information sources and health care centres for rare diseases among those affected. METHODS: The study was carried out as anonymous survey among the member associations of the German Alliance for Chronic Rare Diseases (German acronym ACHSE e. V.). For this, a questionnaire was developed which in addition to questions on gender, age and disease comprised free text input referring to knowledge of health care centres or expert centres and source of information on rare diseases in Germany. RESULTS: A total of 484 individuals suffering from 96 different rare diseases participated in the survey. Of these, 74.47% are aware of medical or dental care centres for treatment of their types of rare disease; 69.31% use self-help groups as a source of information, only a few respondents know government-sponsored "se-atlas" and "Orphanet". CONCLUSION: The majority of the respondents know medical care centres, most participants use self-help groups as information source, however, government-supported portals are largely unknown so that there is a need for further information in this regard.

• Klíčová slova
• NAMSE, Orphanet, national action plan, rare diseases, se-atlas,
• MeSH
• informační služby * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• vzácné nemoci terapie   MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
• zdravotnická zařízení * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

Pointwise mutual information (PMI) is a measure of association used in information theory. In this paper, PMI is used to characterize several publicly available databases (DrugBank, ChEMBL, PubChem and ZINC) in terms of association strength between compound structural features resulting in database PMI interrelation profiles. As structural features, substructure fragments obtained by coding individual compounds as MACCS, PubChemKey and ECFP fingerprints are used. The analysis of publicly available databases reveals, in accord with other studies, unusual properties of DrugBank compounds which further confirms the validity of PMI profiling approach. Z-standardized relative feature tightness (ZRFT), a PMI-derived measure that quantifies how well the given compound's feature combinations fit these in a particular compound set, is applied for the analysis of compound synthetic accessibility (SA), as well as for the classification of compounds as easy (ES) and hard (HS) to synthesize. ZRFT value distributions are compared with these of SYBA and SAScore. The analysis of ZRFT values of structurally complex compounds in the SAVI database reveals oligopeptide structures that are mispredicted by SAScore as HS, while correctly predicted by ZRFT and SYBA as ES. Compared to SAScore, SYBA and random forest, ZRFT predictions are less accurate, though by a narrow margin (AccZRFT = 94.5%, AccSYBA = 98.8%, AccSAScore = 99.0%, AccRF = 97.3%). However, ZRFT ability to distinguish between ES and HS compounds is surprisingly high considering that while SYBA, SAScore and random forest are dedicated SA models, ZRFT is a generic measurement that merely quantifies the strength of interrelations between structural feature pairs. The results presented in the current work indicate that structural feature co-occurrence, quantified by PMI or ZRFT, contains a significant amount of information relevant to physico-chemical properties of organic compounds.

• Klíčová slova
• Hashed fingerprint, Information theory, Pointwise mutual information, Structural key, Synthetic accessibility,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper presents the latest update to the Plant rDNA database (Release 4.0), a valuable resource for researchers in the field of plant cytogenetics. The database provides information on the number, position, and arrangement of ribosomal DNA loci in plants, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, bryophytes, and pteridophytes. The new release includes new data for 820 species coming from additional 173 papers. In the updated version of the Plant rDNA database, 4948 entries comprising 2760 organisms can be found. A brief guide on how to navigate the database and obtain the desired information is also provided. The regular updating of the database is important for ensuring the information it contains is accurate, up-to-date, and useful for the research community. The Plant rDNA database continues to be beneficial for phylogenetic and cytogenetic studies in a wide range of taxa including angiosperms, gymnosperms, and early diverging groups, such as bryophytes and lycophytes.

• Klíčová slova
• Chromosome, Comparative cytogenetics, Data mining, In situ hybridization, Karyotype, L-type arrangement, Ribosomal DNA, S-type arrangement,
• MeSH
• cytogenetické vyšetření MeSH
• DNA rostlinná genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• informační zdroje * MeSH
• Magnoliopsida * MeSH
• ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• ribozomy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA rostlinná MeSH
• ribozomální DNA MeSH