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Calreticulin and cancer

J. Fucikova, R. Spisek, G. Kroemer, L. Galluzzi

. 2021 ; 31 (1) : 5-16. [pub] 20200730

Language English Country Great Britain

Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review

E-resources Online Full text

NLK Free Medical Journals from 2011
PubMed Central from 2011 to 1 year ago
Europe PubMed Central from 2011 to 1 year ago
ProQuest Central from 2000-03-01 to 1 year ago
Open Access Digital Library from 1999-01-01
Health & Medicine (ProQuest) from 2000-03-01 to 1 year ago

Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer to assist correct protein folding within the ER. Besides favoring the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, these cell-intrinsic CALR functions support Ca2+-dependent processes, such as adhesion and integrin signaling, and ensure normal antigen presentation on MHC Class I molecules. Moreover, cancer cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CALR on their surface, which promotes the uptake of cell corpses by professional phagocytes and ultimately supports the initiation of anticancer immunity. Thus, loss-of-function CALR mutations promote oncogenesis not only as they impair cellular homeostasis in healthy cells, but also as they compromise natural and therapy-driven immunosurveillance. However, the prognostic impact of total or membrane-exposed CALR levels appears to vary considerably with cancer type. For instance, while genetic CALR defects promote pre-neoplastic myeloproliferation, patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms bearing CALR mutations often experience improved overall survival as compared to patients bearing wild-type CALR. Here, we discuss the context-dependent impact of CALR on malignant transformation, tumor progression and response to cancer therapy.

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$a Calreticulin (CALR) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein involved in a spectrum of cellular processes. In healthy cells, CALR operates as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer to assist correct protein folding within the ER. Besides favoring the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, these cell-intrinsic CALR functions support Ca2+-dependent processes, such as adhesion and integrin signaling, and ensure normal antigen presentation on MHC Class I molecules. Moreover, cancer cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) expose CALR on their surface, which promotes the uptake of cell corpses by professional phagocytes and ultimately supports the initiation of anticancer immunity. Thus, loss-of-function CALR mutations promote oncogenesis not only as they impair cellular homeostasis in healthy cells, but also as they compromise natural and therapy-driven immunosurveillance. However, the prognostic impact of total or membrane-exposed CALR levels appears to vary considerably with cancer type. For instance, while genetic CALR defects promote pre-neoplastic myeloproliferation, patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms bearing CALR mutations often experience improved overall survival as compared to patients bearing wild-type CALR. Here, we discuss the context-dependent impact of CALR on malignant transformation, tumor progression and response to cancer therapy.
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$a Spisek, Radek $u Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic $u Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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$a Kroemer, Guido $u Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France. kroemer@orange.fr $u Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. kroemer@orange.fr $u Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. kroemer@orange.fr $u Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. kroemer@orange.fr $u Karolinska Institute, Deparment of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. kroemer@orange.fr
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