Calprotectin (MRP8/14, S100A8/S100A9, 27E10 antigen) is a heterodimer of two calcium-binding proteins present in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and expressed on the membrane of monocytes. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, calprotectin is released and may be detected in serum or body fluids as potentially useful clinical inflammatory marker. The soluble form of calprotectin provides both bacteriostatic and cytokine-like effects in the local environment. When calprotectin metabolism is affected on a systemic level, the zinc-binding properties of protein may induce severe dysregulation of zinc homeostasis with severe clinical symptoms. The distribution of membrane form of calprotectin is restricted to monocytes and immature macrophages and the presence of calprotectin-positive infiltrating cells reflects the influx of mononuclear phagocytes to the site of inflammation. Calprotectin expression and release seems to be of particular importance in immune and immunopathological reactions.

Department of Immunology Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic

The Impact of Psoriasis and Metabolic Syndrome on the Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Damage to Nucleic Acids

Multifarious diagnostic possibilities of the S100 protein family: predominantly in pediatrics and neonatology

The Role of von Willebrand Factor, ADAMTS13, and Cerebral Artery Thrombus Composition in Patient Outcome Following Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Clinical trials of yeast-derived β-(1,3) glucan in children: effects on innate immunity

Innate immune response in the gut against Salmonella - review

Probiotics manipulate host cytokine response and induce antimicrobial peptides

Expression of inflammatory markers in pig amnion after intraamniotic infection with nonpathogenic or enteropathogenic Escherichia coli