Homologous recombination (HR) is critical both for repairing DNA lesions in mitosis and for chromosomal pairing and exchange during meiosis. However, some forms of HR can also lead to undesirable DNA rearrangements. Multiple regulatory mechanisms have evolved to ensure that HR takes place at the right time, place and manner. Several of these impinge on the control of Rad51 nucleofilaments that play a central role in HR. Some factors promote the formation of these structures while others lead to their disassembly or the use of alternative repair pathways. In this article, we review these mechanisms in both mitotic and meiotic environments and in different eukaryotic taxa, with an emphasis on yeast and mammal systems. Since mutations in several proteins that regulate Rad51 nucleofilaments are associated with cancer and cancer-prone syndromes, we discuss how understanding their functions can lead to the development of better tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Department of Biology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

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Concurrent D-loop cleavage by Mus81 and Yen1 yields half-crossover precursors

Nucleotide proofreading functions by nematode RAD51 paralogs facilitate optimal RAD51 filament function

Mapping and Analysis of Swi5 and Sfr1 Phosphorylation Sites

Single-molecule visualization of human RECQ5 interactions with single-stranded DNA recombination intermediates

TREX2 Exonuclease Causes Spontaneous Mutations and Stress-Induced Replication Fork Defects in Cells Expressing RAD51K133A

RECQ5: A Mysterious Helicase at the Interface of DNA Replication and Transcription

Human RAD51 rapidly forms intrinsically dynamic nucleoprotein filaments modulated by nucleotide binding state

Esc2 promotes Mus81 complex-activity via its SUMO-like and DNA binding domains

A Polar and Nucleotide-Dependent Mechanism of Action for RAD51 Paralogs in RAD51 Filament Remodeling

BRCA1-regulated RRM2 expression protects glioblastoma cells from endogenous replication stress and promotes tumorigenicity

SUMOylation of Rad52-Rad59 synergistically change the outcome of mitotic recombination

The PCNA-associated protein PARI negatively regulates homologous recombination via the inhibition of DNA repair synthesis

Pro-recombination Role of Srs2 Protein Requires SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) but Is Independent of PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) Interaction

Srs2 promotes Mus81-Mms4-mediated resolution of recombination intermediates

Electrochemistry of nonconjugated proteins and glycoproteins. Toward sensors for biomedicine and glycomics

Strand invasion by HLTF as a mechanism for template switch in fork rescue

The PCNA interaction protein box sequence in Rad54 is an integral part of its ATPase domain and is required for efficient DNA repair and recombination

Role of PCNA and TLS polymerases in D-loop extension during homologous recombination in humans

Srs2 mediates PCNA-SUMO-dependent inhibition of DNA repair synthesis

Dual roles of the SUMO-interacting motif in the regulation of Srs2 sumoylation